Curriculum Vitae of the Authors
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1 Curriculum Vitae of the Authors Mario Hirz has been awarded an M.S. degree in mechanical engineering and economics, a Ph.D. in mechanical engineering, and a venia docendi in the area of virtual product development. He is a regular lecturer at the Graz University of Technology and a frequent guest lecturer at universities and automotive manufacturers throughout Europe and Asia. As head of the research area for Virtual Product Development at the Institute of Automotive Engineering, he is responsible for different international engine and vehicle R&D projects. His research topics comprise design methods, knowledge-based engineering and efficient development processes. Dr. Hirz has published more than 120 works and has received several national and international awards for his scientific contributions. Wilhelm Dietrich has been awarded an M.S. degree and a Ph.D. in mechanical engineering and economics at Graz University of Technology. His research activities and scientific contributions are focused on knowledge-based engineering data management. Since 2000, he has been employed at MAGNA STEYR Engineering AG & Co KG and is competent in the development of CAD and EDM methodology and systems. He was responsible for several areas of virtual product development and was project manager of a number of EDM R&D projects. As head of the vehicle architecture and function department, Dr. Dietrich is currently responsible for vehicle concepts, package layout, ergonomic and complete vehicle functions. Anton Gfrerrer received the M.S. degree in mathematics and descriptive geometry from the University of Graz, Graz, Austria, in 1989 and the Ph.D. degree from Graz University of Technology (TU Graz) in He is currently an Associate Professor with the Institute for Geometry, TU Graz, and also lectures at the University of Leoben. His research fields are geometry, CAD, kinematics and robotics. Johann Lang received his M.S. degree in mathematics and descriptive geometry at Graz University in 1977 and his Ph.D. degree at Graz University of Technology (TU Graz) in He is currently an Associate Professor with the Institute for Geometry, TU Graz. His research fields are geometry and kinematics. M. Hirz et al., Integrated Computer-Aided Design in Automotive Development, DOI: / , Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
2 Index A Adapter model, 301, 304 Added-value process, 391, 395, 397 Affine combination, 227 transformation, 54 Algebraic surface, 158 Algorithm Aitken, 120, 210 Cox-de boor, 194 de casteljau for Bézier curves, 92 for Bézier surfaces, 184 for tensor product Bézier volumes, 234 triangular case, 230 Analysis curvature, 276 Approximating surface, 220 Approximation bivariate, 216 parameter correction, 141, 224 univariate, 137 with cubic B-splines, 143 Arc length, 76 Assembly design, 289, 313, 318 Assembly structure, 245, 259, 274, 294 Automated routines, 309, 311 Axis system, 252, 272, 300 B Barycentric coordinates, 226 Basis solid, 277, 278 Bending energy, 130 Bernstein polynomials, 87 bivariate, 228 on a triangular domain, 228 on an arbitrary interval, 91, 125, 184 properties, 87 Bézier curve connecting, 98 continuation, 95 definition, 88 degree elevation, 98 modeling, 96 properties, 90 rational, 112 splitting, 94 surface, 182 connecting, 189 continuation, 187 degree elevation, 186 modeling, 188 rational, 200 triangular, 230 volume, 233 continuation, 234 modeling, 235 Bézout s theorem, 82 Binormal vector, 80 Bivariate approximation, 216 interpolation, 206, 208 Hermite, 210 Lagrange, 208 Blending function, 181 Boolean operation, 254, , 285 Boundary element, 256 M. Hirz et al., Integrated Computer-Aided Design in Automotive Development, DOI: / , Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
3 460 Index B-spline basis functions, 101 curve closed, 108 definition, 102 endpoint interpolation, 106 local control, 103 properties, 103 rational, 115 uniform, 103 surface, 193 closed, 195 corner interpolation, 194 local control, 197 properties, 194 rational, 201 Bumper system, Business engineering, 338 process, 334, 362, 381, 391, 394 reengineering, 338 C CAD, 21, 241, 359 data management, 414, 421 EDM integration, 347, 360 implementation, 361 integrated concept model, 425, 431, 446 CAE, 34, 359 CAE data management, 368 CAM, 41, 359 CAP, 359 CAPP, 359 Car body, 13, 15, 17, 250 CAT, 359 CAx, 359 Centripetal parameterization, 136 Chassis, 2, 6, 17 Chebyshev space, 117 Chordal parameterization, 136 Circle, 73, 175 osculating, 78, 79 Circular arc, 113 C k -continuity, 75, 149 C k -curve, 73 C k -surface, 147 Class of differentiability, 73, 147 Coincidence condition, 296 Collaboration, 47, 343 Complementary conic arcs, 114 Component positioning, 294, 296, 300, 304 Computer-aided design, 359 Computer-aided engineering, 334, 359 Computer-aided manufacturing, 359 Computer integrated manufacturing, 333, 350 Concept phase, 14, 25, 32, 327, 423 Concept vehicle, 424, 426, 432, 433, 437, , Cone, 166 quadratic, 162 Configuration management, 366, 368 Conic, 84, 113 Conic section, 84 Constraint, 39, 46, 245, 294 Continuation quality, 242, 267, 276, 282 Control grid, 233 Control net, 181 Control polygon, 86 Convex hull property, 90, 184, 230 Coons patch, 206 Coordinate system, 256, 296, Cartesian, 52 cylindrical, 53 main, 57, 296, right-handed, 57 spherical, 53 Coupling function, 261, 262 Cox-de boor algorithm, 104, 194 Curvature, 77, 81 of a curve, 77 Gaussian, 155, 276 mean, 155 normal, 154 of a planar curve, 77 of a surface, 152 principal, 155 radius of, 78 surface curve, 153 Curvature analysis, 276 Curve, 70, 242, 256, 276, nd order, 81, 83 arc length parameter, 76 binormal vector, 80 curvature, 77, 81 equation, 73 freeform, 86 inflection point, 78, 79 movable in itself, 174 osculating circle, 78, 79 osculating plane, 78, 80 parameterization, 70 planar, 72
4 Index 461 curvature, 77 planar algebraic, 81 polynomial, 83 principal normal vector, 80 rational, 83 tangent vector, 80 torsion, 77, 81 transcendent, 81 Cylinder, 161, 166 Cylinder head, 41, 42, 48, 253, 284, 306 D Data classification, 353 demand, 399 exchange, 31, 44, 45, 252, 358 flow, 401 maturity, 419 monitoring, 422 progress, 419 quality, 419 roadmap, 416 scheduling, 416 security, 349 structure, 340, 434 supply, 399 synchronization, 409 transfer, 385, 400, 410, 412 Data management, 44 activities, 397, 404 activity, 395, 410, 412 barrier, 412 factors, 410 integrated CAD, 414, 425, 431, 434, 446 knowledge-oriented, 396 master, 354 systems, 30 Database, 344, 399, 403, 434 de Boor net, 193 polygon, 102 de Casteljau algorithm for Bézier curves, 92 for Bézier surfaces, 184 for tensor product Bézier volumes, 234 triangular case, 230 Degree elevation curve, 98 surface, 186 Design freeze, 20 knowledge-based, 309, 310, 312 non-parametric, 245 parametric-associative, 254, 259, 298, 405, 406, 422 process, 11 Developable surface, 167 Digital engineering, 341 mock-up, 15, 22, 35, 285, 286, 290, 290, 347, 353, 423 prototype, 348, 349, 361 Dimension concept, 426 Direct modeling, 246 Divisor greatest common, 67 of a polynomial, 67 Documentation process, 384, 387, 397, 398 Document management, 345, 350, 353, 355, 374 Door window motion, 235 Draft angle, 254, 269, 272, 321 Drivetrain, 13, 28, 36, 318, 423 Driving dynamics, 19, 423 E EDM application integration, 356, 364 application-related function, 351, 354 architecture, 356 CAD integration, 347, 360 configuration management, 332, 337 documents, 346 integrated management, 339 interfaces, 357 knowledge-oriented, 388, 393, 398, 399, 403, 404, 413, 452, 454 process integration, 343 process-oriented, 400 support process, 394 system, 337, 350, 453 use case, 413, 454 workflow, 332, 403, 421, 454 Ellipse, 85 Ellipsoid, 163 Elliptical point, 156 Elliptic paraboloid, 163 Engineering database, 350, 356, 368 data management, 331, 336 data management system, 336, 350
5 462 Index Equation of a planar curve, 73 of a surface, 157 Euclidean motion, 60 Exhaust gas emissions, 19 Exterior geometry, 439, 440 External parameter control, 315 External solver, 324, 325 Extrapolation, 262, 266, 268, 275 Extruded surface, 261 Helix, 64, 71, 175 Hermite interpolation, 124, 210 patch, 212 polynomial, 126, 211 Homologation, 13, 20 Hyperbola, 85 Hyperbolic paraboloid, 163, 165, 204 Hyperbolic point, 156 Hyperboloid, 163 F Feature-based modeling, 256, 282, 283 Fillet operation, 267 Fill surface, 206, 264, 265 Freeform curve, 86 rational, 110 surface, 181 Frenet frame, 79 Frenet-Serret formulae, 80 Frontloading, 14, 23, 49 Frozen geometry, 302 Function blending, 181 Functional layout, 423, 424, 449 Fundamental form first, 157 second, 157 Fundamental theorem of algebra, 68 G Gaussian curvature, 155, 276 GC k -continuity, 75, 149 GCIE standard, 426, 432, 434, 444 Geometry check, 436, 438, 443, 444 reference, 301, 303, 418 representation, 362 Greatest common divisor, 67 Guide curve, H Helical displacement, 59 gear, 174 surface, 173, 175, 235, 237, 238 circular, 173 ruled, 173 I Inflection point, 78, 79 Information process, 385, 397, 398 Interior geometry, 440, 441 Interpolating cubic B-spline surface, 214 Interpolation bivariate, 206 cubic spline, 127 Hermite, 124, 210 Lagrange, 119, 208 univariate, 116 with cubic B-splines, 130, 214 with cubic segments, 122 Isometry, 54 even, 58 odd, 58 J Join function, 266 K Knot multiple, 106, 194 Knot vector, 99, 101, 102, 115, 119, 127, 137, 143, 193, 202, 206, 207, 210, 214 centripetal, 136 chordal, 136 non-uniform, 103, 202 uniform, 103, 135, 194, 202 with multiple knots, 106 Knowledge, 375 activity, 412 base, 345, 379, 415 carrier, 376, 398, 400 collective, 376, 379 database, 44, 49 declarative, 377 definition, 375
6 Index 463 explicit, 377, 378 implicit, 377, 378 individual, 376 induction, 384 logistics, 388 management, 309 operation, 410 organizational, 379 preserve, 378 procedural, 377 process, 391 stairs of, 372, 376 structuring, 376 system, 379, 382 tacit, 378 Knowledge-based data management, 399, 400, 452 design, 309, 310, 312, 405 engineering, 405 engineering data management, 455 process analysis, 412 process management, 390 Knowledge management, 375, 379, 423 basic model, 380 process orientation, 389, 390 system orientation, 382 Knowledge transfer, 383 barrier, 412 direct, 386 indirect, 386, 412 influences, 410 process, 384 Knowledgeware, 404 L Lagrange interpolation, 119, 208 Lagrange polynomials, 119 Library based design, 320, 321, 323 Line, 70, 175, 256, 285, 294, 298 coordinates, 62 geometry, 62 reflection in a, 57 Linkage strategies, 314 Local control B-spline curve, 103 B-spline surface, 197 M Macro routines, 252 Master model, 33, 317, 326, Matrix orthogonal, 54 tridiagonal, 130, 134 Mean curvature, 155 Meridian plane, 170, 173 Modeling Bézier surface, 188 feature-based, 282, 283 Model range, 1, 2 Model structure, 246, 247, 249, 250, 252, 301 Mold design, 280, 284 Monomial basis, 67 Motion Euclidean, 60 in itself, 174 Multi-model link, 247, 289 Multi-section surface, 279 N Net rectangular, 181 triangular, 229 Normal curvature, 154 Normal vector principal, 80 NURBS, 115 NURBS surface, 202 O Offset condition, 296 Operating process, 401 Orientation, 58 Osculating circle, 78, 79 plane, 78, 80 Overhauser subspline, 124 P Parabola, 85 Parabolic point, 156 Paraboloid elliptic, 163 hyperbolic, 163, 165 Parameter domain, 70, 145 line, 147, 233 surface, 233 transformation of a curve, 72 of a surface, 146 Parameterization, 134, 310, 312, 320, 434, 435 admissible, 72, 145 centripetal, 136
7 464 Index chordal, 136 of a curve, 70, 72 of a surface, 144, 145 smooth, 73 uniform, 135 Parameter line, 227 Parametric-associative concept model, 422 design, 254, 259, 298, 405, 406, 422 Parametric modeling, 32, 246 Parent-child relation, 247 Partition of unity, 86 Pattern function, 268 PCA, 216 Planar algebraic curve order, 81 Plane equation, 159, 257 fitting, 216 osculating, 78, 80 parametric representation, 145, 226 reflection in a, 55 tangent, 148 Plücker coordinates, 62 Point, 52, 246, , 278, 285, 294, 296, 298, 299, 303 elliptical, 156 hyperbolic, 156 parabolic, 156 reflection in a, 58 umbilic, 155 Point cloud, 242, 256 Polygon control, 86 de Boor, 102 Polynomial, 66 basis, 67 Bernstein, 87 bivariate, 68 degree, 66 function, 69 Hermite, 126, 211 Lagrange, 119 multivariate, 68 root of a, 68 space, 66 trivariate, 68 univariate, 66 zero of a, 68 Polynomials product, 67 Positioning component, 300 Position vector, 53 Principal component analysis, 216 Principal curvature, 155 Principal normal vector, 80 Process added-value, 391, 395, 397 knowledge, 378 knowledge-intensive, 395, 403 of documentation, 397, 398 of information, 397, 398 Process management, 338, 394 knowledge-oriented, 390 Process planning, 341 Product configuration, 366, 407, 418 data, 19, 31, 44, 353 data management, 10, 21, 25, 30, 43, 248, 252, 290, 299, 332, 351, 352 data management system, 350 development process, 331, 341, 416, 428, 446, 450 life cycle management, 335 structure, 352, 418 Product knowledge, 371, 373 concept development, 450 life cycle, 373 management, 351, 374 Production confirmation, 20 Production planning and control, 336, 337 Profile curve, 261, 263, 264, 272 Project management, 353 milestones, 416, 418 Propulsion concept, 16, 19 Prototype freeze, 20 Q Quadric, 160 classification of, 161 of revolution, 171, 177 R Rational B-spline curve, 115 B-spline surface, 201 Bézier curve, 112 circular arc, 113 of degree 2, 113 Bézier surface, 201 curve degree, 83 freeform curve properties, 111
8 Index 465 function, 69 surface, 159 tensor product surface, 199 Real-time simulation, 39 Reflection axial, 57 in a line, 57, 58 in a plane, 55 in a point, 58 Regression plane of, 216 Revolution continuous, 61 surface of, 170, 201 Robust approximation, 140 Root of a polynomial, 68 Rotation, 57 Ruled surface, 165 S Sand core, , 281 Scaling operation, 268 Scattered points, 216, 220 Screw displacement, 59 line, 64, 71 motion, 61, 64, 236 parameter, 61 Seating position, 15, 16 Series development, 7, 13, 25, 249 Sheet metal part, 250, 270, 283, 285 Side window, 235 Simulation data management, 365, 368, 369 Simultaneous engineering, 36, 48, 342 Skeleton model, 259, 260, 285 Sketch, 242, 252, 256, 257, 277 Skin surface, 278 Solid design, 276, 277, 286 Spatial transformation, 54 Sphere, 158 Spline curve, 99 function, 99 surface, 192 Split operation, 266, 286 Startup model, , 296 Steel mold, 253, 254 Styling fillet, 268 Styling freeze, 19 Subspline function, 99 overhauser, 124 surface, 192 Supply chain management, 341 Surface, nd order, 160 algebraic, 158 B-spline, 193 Bézier, 182 triangular, 230 curvature, 152 curve, 146 developable, 167 equation, 157 fitting, 220 helical, 173, 175, 235, 237, 238, 261 circular, 173 ruled, 173 intersection, 176 movable in itself, 174, 235 multi-section, , 278 offset, 286, 287 of revolution, 168, 170, 258, 261 parameterization, 145 rational, 159 ruled, 165 tensor product, 181 transcendent, 159 translational, 261, 263, 264, 272, 289 Surface design, 260, 277, 278, 285 Suspension, 6, 15, 36, 39, 291 Swept surface, 263 T Tangent plane, 148 to a curve, 74 Tangent vector, 80 Target definition, 13 Target specifications, 17, 18, 27 Task carrier, 400 structure, 401 Technical subsystem, 400 Template library, 321 Template model, 309, 312, 317, 329, 330, 430 Tensor product surface, 181 rational, 198 volume, 232 Tessellated geometry, 36, 41, 45 Torsion, 77, 81 space curve, 77 Torus, 172 Trajectory of a motion, 61
9 466 Index Transformation, 241, 268, 287 affine, 54 Translation, 56 Translational surface, 261, 263, 264, 272, 289 Triangular Bézier patch, 230 Triangular patch, 225 Trim operation, 266, 267, 272, 274 Tubular helical surface, 174 U Umbilic point, 155 Unfolding, 269 Uniform parameterization, 135 Univariate approximation, interpolation, 116, 119 Vehicle package, 423, 447 Virtual concept vehicle, 428, 446, 450 engineering, 341 environment, 21, 29, 241, 286 mock-up, 33, 348 product, 30, 348 product development, 29, 338, 341, 428, 446, 450 prototype, 361, 368, 418 reality, 39, 364 Volume, 242 W Workflow management, 421 Working space, 241, 256, 285, 289, 298 V Vandermonde matrix, 118 Variation diminishing property, 90 Vector function derivative, 73 Vector space, 66 Vehicle concept, 1, 10, 16, 424 Y Y-CIM model, 332 Z Zero of a polynomial, 68
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