Option G 1: Refraction
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1 Name: Date: Option G 1: Refraction 1. The table below relates to the electromagnetic spectrum. Complete the table by stating the name of the region of the spectrum and the name of a possible source of the radiation associated with the given frequency. Name of associated region Frequency / Hz Possible source gamma radiation radioactive decay (Total 4 marks) 2. This question is about the nature of light. State the means by which the energy of an oscillating electric charge is propagated. The diagram below represents the electromagnetic spectrum. frequency region A radio waves infa red visible ultra violet gamma radiation light radiation rays State (i) the name of the region A.... (ii) the order of magnitude of the frequency of visible light.... 1
2 (Total 3 marks) 3. This question is about light and the electromagnetic spectrum. Outline the electromagnetic nature of light. The diagram below is a representation of the electromagnetic spectrum. visible light increasing frequency In the diagram the region of visible light has been indicated. Indicate on the diagram above the approximate position occupied by (i) (ii) (iii) infrared waves (label this I); microwaves (label this M); gamma rays (label this G). (Total 5 marks) 2
3 4. This question is about refraction. A bird is hovering above a pond. A fish is in the pond at the position shown in the diagram below. bird surface of the pond fish Draw rays on the diagram above to locate the position of the image of the fish as seen by the bird. Explain whether the image of the fish is real or virtual. (c) The fish is 48 cm below the surface of the pond. The bird hovers vertically above the fish. Calculate the apparent depth of the fish. The refractive index of water is 1.3. (Total 6 marks) 3
4 5. This question is about refraction and dispersion. State what is meant by dispersion. A thin beam of white light is incident on one surface of a glass prism as shown below. On the diagram above, draw lines to show the approximate paths of the red and of the blue light as it passes through the prism and back into the air. (c) State and explain, with reference to your diagram, whether the refractive index of glass for blue light is greater or less than that for red light. 4
5 (d) A second similar prism is placed close to the first prism in as shown below. Suggest the appearance and the direction of the light that emerges from the second prism. (Total 9 marks) 6. This question is about refraction. With the aid of a suitable diagram define the term refractive index as applied to an optical material. 5
6 The diagram below shows the path followed by a ray of red light that is incident on one face of a glass prism at an angle θ to the normal. Normal Incident beam (i) The red light is now replaced by blue light. On the diagram sketch the corresponding path followed by a ray of blue light incident at the same angle θ. (ii) State and explain whether the refractive index for red light in the glass is greater than, equal to or less than the refractive index for blue light. (Total 6 marks) 7. This question is about refraction. The diagram below shows a ray of monochromatic light incident on the boundary between two media. The dotted line is the normal to the boundary. normal medium 1 boundary medium 2 The refractive index of medium 1 is n 1 and that of medium 2 is n 2 and n 1 >n 2. The ray is incident at an angle to the normal that is less than the critical angle. 6
7 (i) Explain what is meant by critical angle. (ii) On the diagram above, draw lines to show the paths of the ray after it is incident on the boundary. Derive a relationship between n 1, n 2 and the critical angle φ c. (Total 6 marks) 8. This question is about refractive index. Light from a laser is directed at a semi-circular glass block. The light passes undeviated through the block and on to a screen, forming a spot at A as shown. Laser P A B The semi-circular block is rotated about the point P. The spot of light on the screen is seen to move downwards. When the spot reaches point B, it disappears. 7
8 Complete the diagram below to show the position of the semi-circular block when the spot is at point B. The original position of the block is shown as a dotted line. Laser P A B In a particular experiment, the distance PA is 120 cm and distance AB is 138 cm. Calculate the refractive index of the glass of the block. The laser is changed for one emitting light of higher frequency. The experiment is then repeated. (c) State and explain whether the distance AB will be greater or less than 138 cm. (Total 7 marks) 8
9 9. This question is about refractive index and critical angle. The diagram below shows the boundary between glass and air. glass air On the diagram, draw a ray of light to illustrate what is meant by critical angle. Mark the critical angle with the letter c. A straight optic fibre has length 1.2 km and diameter 1.0 mm. Light is reflected along the fibre as shown below. 1.2 km 1.0 km At each reflection, the angle of incidence is equal in value to the critical angle. The refractive index of the glass of the fibre is 1.5. Deduce that the length of the light path along the optic fibre is about 1.8 km. (4) 9
10 The speed of light in the fibre is m s 1. (c) Calculate the time for a pulse of light to travel the length of the fibre when its path is (i) along the axis of the fibre. (ii) as calculated in. (Total 9 marks) 10
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