LiForest Software White paper. TRGS, 3070 M St., Merced, 93610, Phone , LiForest

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1 0 LiForest

2 LiForest is a platform to manipulate large LiDAR point clouds and extract useful information specifically for forest applications. It integrates a variety of advanced LiDAR processing algorithms and consists of following primary modules for LiDAR point cloud data processing: point cloud visualization, LiDAR-based metric calculations, surface model generation, model regression and individual tree segmentation (CHM and point cloud based methods). In addition, batch processing enables automated workflows for multiple files. LiForest can process point clouds acquired using Aerial Laser Scanning (ALS), Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) laser scanning and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS). High performance data visualization Display of high density LiDAR point cloud data and with different display modes, including display by elevation, display by intensity, display by classification, display by RGB, display by return number, display by GPS time and display by TreeID. Custom data format Accelerated data visualization and processing using the LiData format that can be exported to common data types. Supported file formats include: Import file formats: LiData, las, laz, txt, asc, neu, xyz, pts, csv, tif, jpg, shp, LiModel, csv. Export file formats: las, laz, txt, asc, neu, xyz, pts, csv. Automatic point cloud classification Integrated algorithms for point cloud filtering; classify by attribution, low points, below surface, isolate points, air points, height above ground and minimum elevation. Forest inventory Forestry applications; generate forest parameters, including surface models (i.e.,dem, DSM and CHM), LiDAR quantile matrix, canopy cover, LAI and Gap Fraction. Derived parameters are useful for forest resources investigation and management. Batch processing wizard Automated workflows using batch processing for forest parameters extraction, regression model and individual tree segmentation. 1

3 Statistical parameter (Stat) Variety of statistical parameters related to point cloud and forest metrics, including elevation and intensity metrics, canopy cover, LAI and gap fraction. Classification Ground point classification, classify by attribution, low points, below surface, isolate points, air points, height above ground and min elevation. Models Generate surface models including Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), Digital Surface Models (DSMs) and Canopy Height Models (CHMs). Segmentation CHM-based tree segmentation and point cloud-based segmentation to extract tree location, tree height and crown size. The latter allows for individual trees visualization as point clouds (ALS data, UAV data and TLS data). Export segmentation results using Extract by TreeID. Regression Forest metric estimations including: above Ground Biomass (AGB), tree height and by using standardized regression models (i.e., linear regression, support vector machine and fast artificial neural networks). Data Site 1 is ALS data captured by Optech GEMINI airborne laser scanner, the area of site 1 is 0.25 km 2, the point density is about pts/m 2. 2

4 Figure 1 Point cloud data for site 1 Site 2 is UAV data captured by Li-Air, the area of the study site is about 0.03 km 2, point density is about pts/m 2. Digital models generation Figure 2 Point cloud data for site 2 We generate the digital models for each site, from top to bottom is DSM, DEM and CHM, respectively. 3

5 Forest parameters extraction Figure 3 Digital models for site 1(left) and site 2 (right) We extract the elevation metrics, intensity metrics, canopy cover, gap fraction and LAI for each study site. LiForest adds the function of canopy cover, gap fraction and LAI extraction for UAV data without return number information. Figure 4 Forest parameters for site 1 Figure 5 Forest parameters extraction for site 2 4

6 Individual tree segmentation We segment the point cloud into individual tree using point cloud segmentation function, and get the tree location, tree height, crown diameter, crown area, crown volume for each study site. Figure 6 Tree segmentation and tree attributes extraction True Reality Geospatial Solutions (TRGS), LLC is an international company providing remote sensing solutions including sensor hardware, processing software and product generation services. The company s founding members are experts in the fields of forest ecology, remote sensing, and engineering. TRGS provides aerial LiDAR hardware systems including a UAS-based LiDAR system (Li-Air) and a multispectral system (Li-Spectrum) as well as a terrestrial LiDAR hardware, vehicle-based LiDAR system (Li-Mobile). TRGS also provides a powerful post-processing software called LiDAR-360 which has the capacity to manipulate, visualize, process, and analyze massive point cloud data. In addition, TRGS also provides comprehensive and professional solutions for 3D data collection services, precision forestry, power line detection and monitoring, digital elevation model generation, digital city construction, antique 3D reconstruction, disaster management and land property surveying. 5

7 LiForest LiForest (LiDAR software for forestry applications) provides a platform that enables users to freely manipulate the LiDAR point cloud and extract useful information specially for forest studies. It consists of several primary modules for LiDAR point cloud data processing, including point cloud visualization, LiDAR-based forest metric calculation, digital model generation, regression models and individual tree segmentation. Li-Mobile Li-Mobile LiDAR Scanning System is a vehicle-based system which comprises the LiDAR sensor, the Global Positioning System (GPS), the POS system and the control system, which is designed to offer customers a high-accuracy, integrated geographic product. Li-Mobile can rapidly acquire a substantial amount of highly detailed geospatial information. Li-Air Li-Air integrates a high accuracy LiDAR sensor with an UAV, combined with advanced navigation system, POS system (IMU and GPS), storage system and self-developed operation system. Li-Air has proved successful in providing geospatial information with higher precision, it is an active system that will not be influenced by light, clouds, shadows, etc. Power line inspection 3D scanning services Forest inventory Digital city 6