Measuring stone volume three-dimensional software reconstruction or an ellipsoid algebra formula?

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Measuring stone volume three-dimensional software reconstruction or an ellipsoid algebra formula?"

Transcription

1 Measuring stone volume three-dimensional software reconstruction or an ellipsoid algebra formula? William Finch, Richard Johnston*, Nadeem Shaida, Andrew Winterbottom and Oliver Wiseman* Department of Urology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norfolk, and Departments of *Urology and Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK Objectives To determine the optimal method for assessing stone volume, and thus stone burden, by comparing the accuracy of scalene, oblate, and prolate ellipsoid volume equations with three-dimensional (3D)-reconstructed stone volume. Kidney stone volume may be helpful in predicting treatment outcome for renal stones. While the precise measurement of stone volume by 3D reconstruction can be accomplished using modern computer tomography (CT) scanning software, this technique is not available in all hospitals or with routine acute colic scanning protocols. Therefore, maximum diameters as measured by either X-ray or CT are used in the calculation of stone volume based on a scalene ellipsoid formula, as recommended by the European Association of Urology. Methods In all, stones with both X-ray and CT (1 2-mm slices) were reviewed. Complete and partial staghorn stones were excluded. Stone volume was calculated using software designed to measure tissue density of a certain range within a specified region of interest. Correlation coefficients among all measured outcomes were compared. Stone volumes were analysed to determine the average shape of the stones. Results The maximum stone diameter on X-ray was 3 25 mm and on CT was 3 36 mm, with a reasonable correlation (r =.77). Smaller stones (<9 mm) trended towards prolate ellipsoids ( rugby-ball shaped), stones of 9 15 mm towards oblate ellipsoids (disc shaped), and stones >15 mm towards scalene ellipsoids. There was no difference in stone shape by location within the kidney. Conclusions As the average shape of renal stones changes with diameter, no single equation for estimating stone volume can be recommended. As the maximum diameter increases, calculated stone volume becomes less accurate, suggesting that larger stones have more asymmetric shapes. We recommend that research looking at stone clearance rates should use 3D-reconstructed stone volumes when available, followed by prolate, oblate, or scalene ellipsoid formulas depending on the maximum stone diameter. Keywords kidney, urolithiasis, stone volume, CT, X-ray, algebra Introduction Stone burden has traditionally been assessed by measuring the maximum stone length or stone surface area on plain X-ray, IVU, or non-contrast-enhanced CT (NCCT) [1,2]. As kidney stones are irregular three-dimensional (3D) structures that often have complex geometric shapes, two-dimensional (2D) measurements may inaccurately predict stone volume and thus not reflect total stone burden [3,4]. Accurate pretreatment stone measurements are of significant clinical importance because stone volume is an independent predictor of successful treatment after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) of upper urinary tract calculi [5,6]. In addition, stone volume has also been suggested as a predictor of successful outcomes after flexible ureterorenoscopy [7]. Stone volume can be estimated using an ellipsoid formula, as recommended by the European Association of Urology, (stone volume =π*l*w*d*.167), where length (l), width (w), and depth (d) are stone diameter measured in three axes [8]. This is the general equation for a scalene ellipsoid in which the lengths of all three axes are unequal (a > b > c). However, BJU Int 214; 113: wileyonlinelibrary.com BJU International 213 BJU International doi:.1111/bju Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

2 Measuring stone volume ellipsoids can have two axes of equal length and be oblate (disk-like) in shape (a = b > c) or prolate ( rugby ball ) in shape (a = b < c). Transformations of the scalene equation are available that more accurately reflect the volume of oblate (equatorial diameter as the major axis) and prolate (polar diameter as the major axis) spheroid shapes. To the best of our knowledge, no study has compared the use of scalene, oblate, and prolate ellipsoid volume equations to measure kidney stone volume. While the precise measurement of stone volume by 3D reconstruction can be accomplished using modern CT scanning software [9,], this technique is not available in all hospitals or with routine acute colic scanning protocols. Therefore, we sought to determine the optimal method for assessing stone volume, and thus stone burden, by comparing the accuracy of scalene, oblate, and prolate ellipsoid volume equations with 3D-reconstructed stone volume and the degree of correlation between plain X-ray and CT for measuring stone diameter. Materials and Methods We reviewed renal stones that had both plain film X-ray and CT scans performed. All stones were scanned by CT using a slice thickness of 2 mm. All renal stones were confined to one region of the kidney and staghorn, partial staghorn, and ureteric stones were excluded. Stone composition was not evaluated. Plain film X-rays and CTs were assessed by both a urologist and radiologist. Maximal diameter and perpendicular diameter were recorded and, in the case of CTs, a third diameter was calculated from the number of CT slices involved. The maximal and minimal diameters on plain X-rays were also recorded. Angular eccentricity was measured using PACS software. All examinations were performed using either a Siemens Somatom Sensation 64-slice or a Siemens Definition Flash 128-slice CT scanner (Siemens Medical, Forchheim, Germany). Images were acquired using a standard protocol involving an initial unenhanced examination with on table review by the radiologist followed by a delayed phase examination when necessary. Only the unenhanced images were used for analysis. Stone volume measurements were performed using a dedicated volume measurement software package on a Siemens Syngo CT workstation (Siemens Medical, Forchheim, Germany). Regions of interest were drawn around each calculus. Tissue with a Hounsfield unit (HU) attenuation outside of the range of 2 HU was excluded to prevent a falsely elevated volume measurement from any soft tissue density material around the calculus. Each set of images was subsequently reviewed again to ensure that the measured volume corresponded to the calculus. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to compare all measured values against the gold standard of 3Dreconstructed volume. In addition, estimated volume and surface area were calculated using the formula π/6*a*b*c* for a scalene spheroid, π/6*a*a*c* for an oblate spheroid, and π/6*a*b*b* for a prolate spheroid where a is the equatorial diameter, b is the polar diameter, and c is the third measurable diameter. A linear least squares model was generated to estimate the best fit curve to assess whether renal stones trended towards oblate, prolate, or scalene shapes. Results The maximum time difference between the performance of plain film X-ray and CT was 6 h. In all, 11 stones were not visible on plain film X-ray and were presumably urate in composition. Of the stones measured, 49 were located in the renal pelvis, 22 in the lower pole, 18 in the upper pole and 11 in the interpolar region. On plain film X-ray, the median (range) diameter was.5 (3 25) mm. By CT, the median (range) diameter was (3 36) mm. The diameter measurements from the two different imaging methods showed a reasonable correlation (r =.77). Plain film X-ray consistently underestimated diameter compared with CT, with a relatively constant ratio of.9 ±.5 (95% CI). The median (range) stone volume on 3D reconstruction was 78 ( ) mm 3. Reconstructed volumes were compared with volumes determined using three different spheroid formulas, including prolate, oblate, and scalene. Smaller stones (<9 mm in diameter) trended towards prolate, stones of 9 15 mm in diameter trended towards oblate, and stones >15 mm in diameter trended towards scalene. Discussion Information on stone burden is essential for the appropriate planning of treatments to remove stones from the urinary tract. The need to describe a stone in terms of size and shape has become particularly important as non-invasive or minimally invasive treatments have replaced open surgery. In addition, to assess the efficacy and indications of different treatment methods, it is important to have an accurate assessment of stone burden. The most common way in which to express the size of stones is to give the maximum diameter of the stone in any measurable axis. Maximum stone diameter has been shown to correlate well with arithmetically derived stone surface area for plain abdominal radiographs of the kidneys, ureters and bladder. The exceptions to this are stones with a pronounced irregular shape and staghorn calculi. These deviate from standard ellipsoid geometry and therefore other methods for assessing stone burden are necessary [11]. The limitation with maximum stone length and measured surface area is that they are 2D measurements of stone burden and provide no volumetric information. As the total volume of BJU International 213 BJU International 611

3 Finch et al. Table 1 Correlation between CT 3D volume and estimated volume using three different spheroid equations. Stone diameter, mm Calculated mean volume in mm 3 (range) 3D volume Scalene r Oblate r Prolate r All 78 ( ) 1 18 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 133 ( ) ( ) ( ) (145 9) 612 ( ) ( ) ( ).75 > ( ) 194 ( ) ( ) ( ).7 r is the correlation to 3D-reconstructed volume. a cylinder is twice the volume of a sphere of the same diameter and height, the shape and depth of a stone have important implications for stone volume and thus stone burden. This was clearly outlined by Bandi et al. [6] with their example of the volume of a stone measuring 15 mm and mm in the third axis is a third less than a stone measuring 15 mm in the third axis (15 μl vs 225 μl). These differences may be even more pronounced for larger, irregularly shaped stones. Stone location was analysed to identify any trends in stone shape for a specific stone location. Anecdotally, some people may expect stone shape to depend on the location within the kidney, but there is currently no published evidence to support this. Analysing the present data set, stones of <9mm clearly show no shape differences by location within the kidney. As the size of stones increases the stone shape becomes more random but no clear differences in stone shape by location were identified. Stone volume, as measured by NCCT, is the strongest predictor of stone-free status after ESWL [5,6] and is more significant on logistic regression analysis than body mass index, skin to stone distance, peak and mean stone density, and axial stone diameter [6]. NCCT has become the imaging technique of choice for investigating and managing patients with stone disease. NCCT provides a rapid assessment of stone size, shape, number, and location, with maximum axial diameter most commonly used to assess stone burden. It also allows for the maximum diameter to be measured in three planes for a stone. Modern CT scanning software can create a 3D reconstruction using the acquired images. Stone volume calculated using 3D reconstruction is extremely accurate, with a bias (mean difference) of 2%, precision (standard deviation) of 2% [] and is highly reproducible (inter-observer correlation of r >.97). However, this process requires specialised scanning protocols and software and so may not be available as part of a standard acute colic scanning protocol. Using diameter measurements obtained by NCCT, we calculated stone volume using scalene, oblate, and prolate ellipsoid formulas as shown in Table 1. While European Guidelines recommend the use of a scalene ellipsoid formula to estimate stone volume [8], we found that for most stones the scalene formula is the least accurate. The present results suggest that the average shape of stones changes with increasing maximum diameter (Fig. 1). Specifically, smaller stones (<9 mm maximum diameter) trended towards prolate ellipsoids whereas stones of 9 15 mm trended towards oblate ellipsoids. Only stones of >15 mm trended towards scalene ellipsoids. In addition, while maximum stone diameters obtained by X-ray and NCCT were fairly well correlated (r =.77) as shown in Table 2, caution should be used when estimating stone volume using diameters obtained by X-ray, as they consistently underestimated stone volume with a relatively constant ratio of.9 ±.5 (95% CI). There are significant shortcomings for any method of stone volume assessment short of 3D reconstruction. The orientation of stones does not conveniently correspond to axial body scanning, making the measurement of maximum diameters relatively artificial. Also, it is likely that most stones are asymmetrical and therefore their volume cannot be captured using a simple algebraic formula. For the present study, we used data that would typically be available from a CT scan to determine the most accurate method for modelling stone volume in a practical day-to-day setting. We are aware that the differences in volume measurement outlined in the present study are largely academic, but they do have important practical and clinical relevance. There can be no doubt that the gold standard of stone burden analysis is 3D reconstruction. It is very important that future urolithiasis studies use 3D-reconstructed stone volume as a marker of stone burden when reporting research outcomes. This will enable the meaningful comparisons of outcomes for various urolithiasis treatment methods and techniques in the future. On a clinical level, the accurate measurement of stone volume may alter the treatment method a clinician offers a patient and may have an effect on the patient outcome. In conclusion, the best way to measure stone burden is by 3D-reconstructed stone volume. The maximum diameter on CT or plain film X-ray gives useful information but can both over- and under-estimate stone volume and thus stone burden. Following published guidelines regarding the use of a scalene ellipsoid formula as a surrogate measure of stone 612 BJU International 213 BJU International

4 Measuring stone volume Fig. 1 (A) A linear least squares model for surface area showed good correlation to the expected prolate average curve for stones in the range 3 to 9 mm and good correlation to the oblate average curve for stones with a range of 9 to 15 mm. Stones of >15 mm had poor correlation to both curves and should be considered scalene. (B) A linear least squares model for surface area showed good correlation to the expected prolate average curve for stones in the range 3 to 9 mm and good correlation to the oblate average curve for stones with a range of 9 to 15 mm. Stones of >15 mm had poor correlation to both curves and should be considered scalene. A Log Norm Surface Area Prolate Sphere Oblate Individual stone Surface Area B Polar Diameter, mm Favours Prolate Favours Oblate Stone Volume Perfect Sphere Diameter Equatorial Diameter, mm Table 2 Correlation between maximum stone diameter obtained by X-ray and CT. n Median (range) largest diameter, mm Median (range) 3D volume, mm 3 Plain film X-ray 89.5 (3 25) N/A.77 CT (3 36) 78 ( ) burden consistently over estimates stone volume, particularly for stones with diameters of <15 mm. Stones with a maximum diameter of <9 mm are more accurately represented as prolate spheroids, while stones with maximum diameters between 9 and 15 mm are predominately oblate in shape. Special transformation equations to calculate a prolate spheroid or oblate spheroid volume should be used in these cases to reduce inaccuracies in calculated stone volume. In addition, we call for the Urological literature to use 3D-reconstructed stone volume as a marker of stone burden when reporting research outcomes to facilitate the easier comparisons of outcomes for various urolithiasis treatment methods and techniques. Conflict of Interest W.F. received reimbursement from Boston Scientific, Pfizer, Astellas, SEP, European School of Urology for attending training courses and conferences as part of SpR Urology Training, all outside the submitted work. O.W. received reimbursement for training courses run in conjunction with r Boston Scientific, Olympus, Storz, for attending meetings and performing live surgery, all outside the submitted work. O.W. is a director of Uroscreen Ltd. No other conflicts to declare. References 1 Shine S. Urinary calculus: IVU vs. CT renal stone? A critically appraised topic. Abdom Imaging 28; 33: Worster A, Preyra I, Weaver B, Haines T. The accuracy of noncontrast helical computed tomography versus intravenous pyelography in the diagnosis of suspected acute urolithiasis: a meta-analysis. Ann Emerg Med 22; 4: Tiselius HG, Andersson A. Stone burden in an average Swedish population of stone formers requiring active stone removal: how can the stone size be estimated in the clinical routine? Eur Urol 23; 4: Ackermann D, Griffith DP, Dunthorn M, Newman RC, Finlayson B. Calculation of stone volume and urinary stone staging with computer assistance. J Endourol 1989; 3: Yoshida S, Hayashi T, Morozumi M, Osada H, Honda N, Yamada T. Three-dimensional assessment of urinary stone on non-contrast helical computed tomography as the predictor of stonestreet formation after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for stones smaller than 2 mm. Int J Urol 27; 14: Bandi G, Meiners RJ, Pickhardt PJ, Nakada SY. Stone measurement by volumetric three-dimensional computed tomography for predicting the outcome after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. BJU Int 29; 3: Al-Qahtani SM, Gil-Deiz-de-Medina S, Traxer O. Predictors of clinical outcomes of flexible ureterorenoscopy with holmium laser for renal stone greater than 2 cm. Adv Urol 212; 212: TiseliusHG,AlkenP,BuckCetal.European Association of Urology 28 Guidelines on Urolithiasis. Available at: BJU International 213 BJU International 613

5 Finch et al. fileadmin/user_upload/guidelines/urolithiasis.pdf. Accessed 17 June Hubert J, Blum A, Cormier L, Claudon M, Regent D, Mangin P. Three-dimensional CT-scan reconstruction of renal calculi. A new tool for mapping-out staghorn calculi and follow-up of radiolucent stones. Eur Urol 1997; 31: Demehri S, Kalra MK, Rybicki FJ et al. Quantification of urinary stone volume: attenuation threshold-based CT method a technical note. Radiology 211; 258: Blandy JP, Marshall VR. Size of renal calculi, recurrence rate and follow-up. BrJUrol1976; 48: Correspondence: William Finch, Department of Urology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Colney Lane, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UY, UK. wjgfinch@doctors.org.uk Abbreviations: (3)(2)D, (three)(two)-dimensional; ESWL, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy; NCCT, non-contrast-enhanced CT. 614 BJU International 213 BJU International

NON OB ULTRASOUND MORPHOMETRICS AS BIOMARKERS

NON OB ULTRASOUND MORPHOMETRICS AS BIOMARKERS NON OB ULTRASOUND MORPHOMETRICS AS BIOMARKERS Brian S Garra Washington DC VA Medical Center and Division of Imaging & Applied Mathematics, OSEL, CDRH, FDA GOALS Review Major Types of Clinical Ultrasonic

More information

Tomographic Reconstruction

Tomographic Reconstruction Tomographic Reconstruction 3D Image Processing Torsten Möller Reading Gonzales + Woods, Chapter 5.11 2 Overview Physics History Reconstruction basic idea Radon transform Fourier-Slice theorem (Parallel-beam)

More information

Physics 210 Medical Physics Midterm Exam Fall 2012 October 12, 2012

Physics 210 Medical Physics Midterm Exam Fall 2012 October 12, 2012 Physics 210 Medical Physics Midterm Exam Fall 2012 October 12, 2012 Name Problem 1 /32 Problem 2 /32 Problem 3 /24 Total /88 I affirm that I have carried out my academic endeavors with full academic honesty.

More information

Dual energy micro CT SkyScan 1173 for the characterization of urinary stone

Dual energy micro CT SkyScan 1173 for the characterization of urinary stone Journal of Physics: Conference Series PAPER OPEN ACCESS Dual energy micro CT SkyScan 7 for the characterization of urinary stone To cite this article: L A Fitri et al 06 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 69 005 View

More information

Conference Biomedical Engineering

Conference Biomedical Engineering Automatic Medical Image Analysis for Measuring Bone Thickness and Density M. Kovalovs *, A. Glazs Image Processing and Computer Graphics Department, Riga Technical University, Latvia * E-mail: mihails.kovalovs@rtu.lv

More information

Visualisation : Lecture 1. So what is visualisation? Visualisation

Visualisation : Lecture 1. So what is visualisation? Visualisation So what is visualisation? UG4 / M.Sc. Course 2006 toby.breckon@ed.ac.uk Computer Vision Lab. Institute for Perception, Action & Behaviour Introducing 1 Application of interactive 3D computer graphics to

More information

Contrast Enhancement with Dual Energy CT for the Assessment of Atherosclerosis

Contrast Enhancement with Dual Energy CT for the Assessment of Atherosclerosis Contrast Enhancement with Dual Energy CT for the Assessment of Atherosclerosis Stefan C. Saur 1, Hatem Alkadhi 2, Luca Regazzoni 1, Simon Eugster 1, Gábor Székely 1, Philippe Cattin 1,3 1 Computer Vision

More information

Three-dimensional fracture and fragmentation of artificial kidney stones

Three-dimensional fracture and fragmentation of artificial kidney stones Institute of Physics Publishing Journal of Physics: Conference Series 46 (2006) 299 303 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/46/1/041 SciDAC 2006 Three-dimensional fracture and fragmentation of artificial kidney stones

More information

Ganado Unified School District 7 th Grade Mathematics

Ganado Unified School District 7 th Grade Mathematics Ganado Unified School District 7 th Grade Mathematics PACING Guide SY 2014-2015 Quarter 3 Week 1 Graphs Text Reference Concept : Use random sampling to draw inferences about population. 7.SP.A.1. Understand

More information

[PDR03] RECOMMENDED CT-SCAN PROTOCOLS

[PDR03] RECOMMENDED CT-SCAN PROTOCOLS SURGICAL & PROSTHETIC DESIGN [PDR03] RECOMMENDED CT-SCAN PROTOCOLS WORK-INSTRUCTIONS DOCUMENT (CUSTOMER) RECOMMENDED CT-SCAN PROTOCOLS [PDR03_V1]: LIVE 1 PRESCRIBING SURGEONS Patient-specific implants,

More information

Image Acquisition Systems

Image Acquisition Systems Image Acquisition Systems Goals and Terminology Conventional Radiography Axial Tomography Computer Axial Tomography (CAT) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) PET, SPECT Ultrasound Microscopy Imaging ITCS

More information

Virtual Pyeloscopy Using Volumetric Depth Peeling 1

Virtual Pyeloscopy Using Volumetric Depth Peeling 1 Technical Report Virtual Pyeloscopy Using Volumetric Depth Peeling 1 Julia R. Fielding, MD, David Borland, BS, Kang Hoon Lee, MD, John P. Clarke, MD, Eric Wallen, MD Raj Pruthi, MD, Russell M. Taylor,

More information

Optimisation of Toshiba Aquilion ONE Volume Imaging

Optimisation of Toshiba Aquilion ONE Volume Imaging Optimisation of Toshiba Aquilion ONE Volume Imaging Jane Edwards, RPRSG Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Dr Mufudzi Maviki, Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust Background In 2011/12 Radiology at RFH was

More information

A closer look at CT scanning

A closer look at CT scanning Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk A closer look at CT scanning Author : Charissa Lee, Natalie Webster Categories : General, Vets Date : April 3, 2017 A basic

More information

Medical Image Processing: Image Reconstruction and 3D Renderings

Medical Image Processing: Image Reconstruction and 3D Renderings Medical Image Processing: Image Reconstruction and 3D Renderings 김보형 서울대학교컴퓨터공학부 Computer Graphics and Image Processing Lab. 2011. 3. 23 1 Computer Graphics & Image Processing Computer Graphics : Create,

More information

Compact Delta II with

Compact Delta II with W E R E A L L A B O U T P E O P L E. The Dornier Compact Delta II with Integrated Transportable Lithotripter The Dornier The Optimal Solution: The Dornier Compact Delta II Optimal Solution Compact DeltaII

More information

7 Fractions. Number Sense and Numeration Measurement Geometry and Spatial Sense Patterning and Algebra Data Management and Probability

7 Fractions. Number Sense and Numeration Measurement Geometry and Spatial Sense Patterning and Algebra Data Management and Probability 7 Fractions GRADE 7 FRACTIONS continue to develop proficiency by using fractions in mental strategies and in selecting and justifying use; develop proficiency in adding and subtracting simple fractions;

More information

Implementation and evaluation of a fully 3D OS-MLEM reconstruction algorithm accounting for the PSF of the PET imaging system

Implementation and evaluation of a fully 3D OS-MLEM reconstruction algorithm accounting for the PSF of the PET imaging system Implementation and evaluation of a fully 3D OS-MLEM reconstruction algorithm accounting for the PSF of the PET imaging system 3 rd October 2008 11 th Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation

More information

Shadow casting. What is the problem? Cone Beam Computed Tomography THE OBJECTIVES OF DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING IDEAL DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING STUDY LIMITATIONS

Shadow casting. What is the problem? Cone Beam Computed Tomography THE OBJECTIVES OF DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING IDEAL DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING STUDY LIMITATIONS Cone Beam Computed Tomography THE OBJECTIVES OF DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING Reveal pathology Reveal the anatomic truth Steven R. Singer, DDS srs2@columbia.edu IDEAL DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING STUDY Provides desired diagnostic

More information

TomoTherapy Related Projects. An image guidance alternative on Tomo Low dose MVCT reconstruction Patient Quality Assurance using Sinogram

TomoTherapy Related Projects. An image guidance alternative on Tomo Low dose MVCT reconstruction Patient Quality Assurance using Sinogram TomoTherapy Related Projects An image guidance alternative on Tomo Low dose MVCT reconstruction Patient Quality Assurance using Sinogram Development of A Novel Image Guidance Alternative for Patient Localization

More information

INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL IMAGING- 3D LOCALIZATION LAB MANUAL 1. Modifications for P551 Fall 2013 Medical Physics Laboratory

INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL IMAGING- 3D LOCALIZATION LAB MANUAL 1. Modifications for P551 Fall 2013 Medical Physics Laboratory INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL IMAGING- 3D LOCALIZATION LAB MANUAL 1 Modifications for P551 Fall 2013 Medical Physics Laboratory Introduction Following the introductory lab 0, this lab exercise the student through

More information

Using Probability Maps for Multi organ Automatic Segmentation

Using Probability Maps for Multi organ Automatic Segmentation Using Probability Maps for Multi organ Automatic Segmentation Ranveer Joyseeree 1,2, Óscar Jiménez del Toro1, and Henning Müller 1,3 1 University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES SO), Sierre,

More information

Grade 9 Math Terminology

Grade 9 Math Terminology Unit 1 Basic Skills Review BEDMAS a way of remembering order of operations: Brackets, Exponents, Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction Collect like terms gather all like terms and simplify as

More information

DUE to beam polychromacity in CT and the energy dependence

DUE to beam polychromacity in CT and the energy dependence 1 Empirical Water Precorrection for Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Katia Sourbelle, Marc Kachelrieß, Member, IEEE, and Willi A. Kalender Abstract We propose an algorithm to correct for the cupping artifact

More information

Gradient-Based Differential Approach for Patient Motion Compensation in 2D/3D Overlay

Gradient-Based Differential Approach for Patient Motion Compensation in 2D/3D Overlay Gradient-Based Differential Approach for Patient Motion Compensation in 2D/3D Overlay Jian Wang, Anja Borsdorf, Benno Heigl, Thomas Köhler, Joachim Hornegger Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-University

More information

ImPACT. Information Leaflet No. 1: CT Scanner Acceptance Testing

ImPACT. Information Leaflet No. 1: CT Scanner Acceptance Testing ImPACT Information Leaflet No. 1: CT Scanner Acceptance Testing Version 1.02, 18/05/01 CONTENTS: 1. SCOPE OF LEAFLET 2. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF ACCEPTANCE AND COMMISSIONING 2.1 PHANTOMS 2.2 EXPOSURE AND

More information

Computer-Tomography I: Principles, History, Technology

Computer-Tomography I: Principles, History, Technology Computer-Tomography I: Principles, History, Technology Prof. Dr. U. Oelfke DKFZ Heidelberg Department of Medical Physics (E040) Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 69120 Heidelberg, Germany u.oelfke@dkfz.de History

More information

Automatic Ascending Aorta Detection in CTA Datasets

Automatic Ascending Aorta Detection in CTA Datasets Automatic Ascending Aorta Detection in CTA Datasets Stefan C. Saur 1, Caroline Kühnel 2, Tobias Boskamp 2, Gábor Székely 1, Philippe Cattin 1,3 1 Computer Vision Laboratory, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland

More information

CT Basics Principles of Spiral CT Dose. Always Thinking Ahead.

CT Basics Principles of Spiral CT Dose. Always Thinking Ahead. 1 CT Basics Principles of Spiral CT Dose 2 Who invented CT? 1963 - Alan Cormack developed a mathematical method of reconstructing images from x-ray projections Sir Godfrey Hounsfield worked for the Central

More information

Impact of 3D Laser Data Resolution and Accuracy on Pipeline Dents Strain Analysis

Impact of 3D Laser Data Resolution and Accuracy on Pipeline Dents Strain Analysis More Info at Open Access Database www.ndt.net/?id=15137 Impact of 3D Laser Data Resolution and Accuracy on Pipeline Dents Strain Analysis Jean-Simon Fraser, Pierre-Hugues Allard Creaform, 5825 rue St-Georges,

More information

The Near Future in Cardiac CT Image Reconstruction

The Near Future in Cardiac CT Image Reconstruction SCCT 2010 The Near Future in Cardiac CT Image Reconstruction Marc Kachelrieß Institute of Medical Physics (IMP) Friedrich-Alexander Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg rnberg www.imp.uni-erlangen.de

More information

연구용유방초음파질관리 원광대학병원김혜원

연구용유방초음파질관리 원광대학병원김혜원 연구용유방초음파질관리 원광대학병원김혜원 Why US QC? Quality control (QC) testing of ultrasound scanners is important to verify the proper and consistent operation of these devices. main goal ; quality improvement Guidelines

More information

Quality control phantoms and protocol for a tomography system

Quality control phantoms and protocol for a tomography system Quality control phantoms and protocol for a tomography system Lucía Franco 1 1 CT AIMEN, C/Relva 27A O Porriño Pontevedra, Spain, lfranco@aimen.es Abstract Tomography systems for non-destructive testing

More information

The team. Disclosures. Ultrasound Guidance During Radiation Delivery: Confronting the Treatment Interference Challenge.

The team. Disclosures. Ultrasound Guidance During Radiation Delivery: Confronting the Treatment Interference Challenge. Ultrasound Guidance During Radiation Delivery: Confronting the Treatment Interference Challenge Dimitre Hristov Radiation Oncology Stanford University The team Renhui Gong 1 Magdalena Bazalova-Carter 1

More information

Prostate Detection Using Principal Component Analysis

Prostate Detection Using Principal Component Analysis Prostate Detection Using Principal Component Analysis Aamir Virani (avirani@stanford.edu) CS 229 Machine Learning Stanford University 16 December 2005 Introduction During the past two decades, computed

More information

CLASS HOURS: 4 CREDIT HOURS: 4 LABORATORY HOURS: 0

CLASS HOURS: 4 CREDIT HOURS: 4 LABORATORY HOURS: 0 Revised 10/10 COURSE SYLLABUS TM 220 COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY PHYSICS CLASS HOURS: 4 CREDIT HOURS: 4 LABORATORY HOURS: 0 CATALOG COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course is one of a three course set in whole body Computed

More information

Computer-Aided Diagnosis in Abdominal and Cardiac Radiology Using Neural Networks

Computer-Aided Diagnosis in Abdominal and Cardiac Radiology Using Neural Networks Computer-Aided Diagnosis in Abdominal and Cardiac Radiology Using Neural Networks Du-Yih Tsai, Masaru Sekiya and Yongbum Lee Department of Radiological Technology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of

More information

Crystal Quality Analysis Group

Crystal Quality Analysis Group Crystal Quality Analysis Group Contents Contents 1. Overview...1 2. Measurement principles...3 2.1 Considerations related to orientation and diffraction conditions... 3 2.2 Rocking curve measurement...

More information

Spiral CT. Protocol Optimization & Quality Assurance. Ge Wang, Ph.D. Department of Radiology University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA

Spiral CT. Protocol Optimization & Quality Assurance. Ge Wang, Ph.D. Department of Radiology University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA Spiral CT Protocol Optimization & Quality Assurance Ge Wang, Ph.D. Department of Radiology University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA Spiral CT Protocol Optimization & Quality Assurance Protocol optimization

More information

8/3/2017. Contour Assessment for Quality Assurance and Data Mining. Objective. Outline. Tom Purdie, PhD, MCCPM

8/3/2017. Contour Assessment for Quality Assurance and Data Mining. Objective. Outline. Tom Purdie, PhD, MCCPM Contour Assessment for Quality Assurance and Data Mining Tom Purdie, PhD, MCCPM Objective Understand the state-of-the-art in contour assessment for quality assurance including data mining-based techniques

More information

RADIOMICS: potential role in the clinics and challenges

RADIOMICS: potential role in the clinics and challenges 27 giugno 2018 Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Milano RADIOMICS: potential role in the clinics and challenges Dr. Francesca Botta Medical Physicist Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (Milano)

More information

CT NOISE POWER SPECTRUM FOR FILTERED BACKPROJECTION AND ITERATIVE RECONSTRUCTION

CT NOISE POWER SPECTRUM FOR FILTERED BACKPROJECTION AND ITERATIVE RECONSTRUCTION CT NOISE POWER SPECTRUM FOR FILTERED BACKPROJECTION AND ITERATIVE RECONSTRUCTION Frank Dong, PhD, DABR Diagnostic Physicist, Imaging Institute Cleveland Clinic Foundation and Associate Professor of Radiology

More information

CT vs. VolumeScope: image quality and dose comparison

CT vs. VolumeScope: image quality and dose comparison CT vs. VolumeScope: image quality and dose comparison V.N. Vasiliev *a, A.F. Gamaliy **b, M.Yu. Zaytsev b, K.V. Zaytseva ***b a Russian Sci. Center of Roentgenology & Radiology, 86, Profsoyuznaya, Moscow,

More information

A Hybrid Method for Haemorrhage Segmentation in Trauma Brain CT

A Hybrid Method for Haemorrhage Segmentation in Trauma Brain CT SOLTANINEJAD ET AL.: HAEMORHAGE SEGMENTATION IN BRAIN CT 1 A Hybrid Method for Haemorrhage Segmentation in Trauma Brain CT Mohammadreza Soltaninejad 1 msoltaninejad@lincoln.ac.uk Tryphon Lambrou 1 tlambrou@lincoln.ac.uk

More information

Middle School Math Course 3 Correlation of the ALEKS course Middle School Math 3 to the Illinois Assessment Framework for Grade 8

Middle School Math Course 3 Correlation of the ALEKS course Middle School Math 3 to the Illinois Assessment Framework for Grade 8 Middle School Math Course 3 Correlation of the ALEKS course Middle School Math 3 to the Illinois Assessment Framework for Grade 8 State Goal 6: Number Sense 6.8.01: 6.8.02: 6.8.03: 6.8.04: 6.8.05: = ALEKS

More information

Alaska Mathematics Standards Vocabulary Word List Grade 7

Alaska Mathematics Standards Vocabulary Word List Grade 7 1 estimate proportion proportional relationship rate ratio rational coefficient rational number scale Ratios and Proportional Relationships To find a number close to an exact amount; an estimate tells

More information

Markscheme May 2017 Mathematical studies Standard level Paper 1

Markscheme May 2017 Mathematical studies Standard level Paper 1 M17/5/MATSD/SP1/ENG/TZ/XX/M Markscheme May 017 Mathematical studies Standard level Paper 1 3 pages M17/5/MATSD/SP1/ENG/TZ/XX/M This markscheme is the property of the International Baccalaureate and must

More information

COMPREHENSIVE QUALITY CONTROL OF NMR TOMOGRAPHY USING 3D PRINTED PHANTOM

COMPREHENSIVE QUALITY CONTROL OF NMR TOMOGRAPHY USING 3D PRINTED PHANTOM COMPREHENSIVE QUALITY CONTROL OF NMR TOMOGRAPHY USING 3D PRINTED PHANTOM Mažena MACIUSOVIČ *, Marius BURKANAS *, Jonas VENIUS *, ** * Medical Physics Department, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania

More information

Discrete Estimation of Data Completeness for 3D Scan Trajectories with Detector Offset

Discrete Estimation of Data Completeness for 3D Scan Trajectories with Detector Offset Discrete Estimation of Data Completeness for 3D Scan Trajectories with Detector Offset Andreas Maier 1, Patrick Kugler 2, Günter Lauritsch 2, Joachim Hornegger 1 1 Pattern Recognition Lab and SAOT Erlangen,

More information

MPM 1D Learning Goals and Success Criteria ver1 Sept. 1, Learning Goal I will be able to: Success Criteria I can:

MPM 1D Learning Goals and Success Criteria ver1 Sept. 1, Learning Goal I will be able to: Success Criteria I can: MPM 1D s and ver1 Sept. 1, 2015 Strand: Number Sense and Algebra (NA) By the end of this course, students will be able to: NA1 Demonstrate an understanding of the exponent rules of multiplication and division,

More information

Comparison of Probing Error in Dimensional Measurement by Means of 3D Computed Tomography with Circular and Helical Sampling

Comparison of Probing Error in Dimensional Measurement by Means of 3D Computed Tomography with Circular and Helical Sampling nd International Symposium on NDT in Aerospace - We..A. Comparison of Probing Error in Dimensional Measurement by Means of D Computed Tomography with Circular and Helical Sampling Jochen HILLER, Stefan

More information

Geometry Assessment. Eligible Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

Geometry Assessment. Eligible Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills Geometry Assessment Eligible Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills STAAR Geometry Assessment Reporting Category 1: Geometric Structure The student will demonstrate an understanding of geometric structure.

More information

7 th GRADE PLANNER Mathematics. Lesson Plan # QTR. 3 QTR. 1 QTR. 2 QTR 4. Objective

7 th GRADE PLANNER Mathematics. Lesson Plan # QTR. 3 QTR. 1 QTR. 2 QTR 4. Objective Standard : Number and Computation Benchmark : Number Sense M7-..K The student knows, explains, and uses equivalent representations for rational numbers and simple algebraic expressions including integers,

More information

Correlation of the ALEKS courses Algebra 1 and High School Geometry to the Wyoming Mathematics Content Standards for Grade 11

Correlation of the ALEKS courses Algebra 1 and High School Geometry to the Wyoming Mathematics Content Standards for Grade 11 Correlation of the ALEKS courses Algebra 1 and High School Geometry to the Wyoming Mathematics Content Standards for Grade 11 1: Number Operations and Concepts Students use numbers, number sense, and number

More information

Evaluation of AutoQA Lite TM Image Quality Measurement Software

Evaluation of AutoQA Lite TM Image Quality Measurement Software Evaluation of AutoQA Lite TM Image Quality Measurement Software Andrew J Reilly Imaging Physicist Oncology Physics Edinburgh Cancer Centre Western General Hospital EDINBURGH EH4 2XU Phone: 0131 537 1161

More information

Comparison of Scatter Correction Methods for CBCT. Author(s): Suri, Roland E.; Virshup, Gary; Kaissl, Wolfgang; Zurkirchen, Luis

Comparison of Scatter Correction Methods for CBCT. Author(s): Suri, Roland E.; Virshup, Gary; Kaissl, Wolfgang; Zurkirchen, Luis Research Collection Working Paper Comparison of Scatter Correction Methods for CBCT Author(s): Suri, Roland E.; Virshup, Gary; Kaissl, Wolfgang; Zurkirchen, Luis Publication Date: 2010 Permanent Link:

More information

Medical Imaging Projects

Medical Imaging Projects NSF REU MedIX Summer 2006 Medical Imaging Projects Daniela Stan Raicu, PhD http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/research draicu@cs.depaul.edu Outline Medical Informatics Imaging Modalities Computed Tomography Medical

More information

Medical 3D printing and Standard requirement issues

Medical 3D printing and Standard requirement issues Medical 3D printing and Standard requirement issues Kyu Won Shim MD, PhD. Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Children s Hospital, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 1 No conflict of

More information

4/19/2016. Deborah Thames R.T. (R)(M)(QM) Theory & Technology and advancement in 3D imaging DBT

4/19/2016. Deborah Thames R.T. (R)(M)(QM) Theory & Technology and advancement in 3D imaging DBT Deborah Thames R.T. (R)(M)(QM) Theory & Technology and advancement in 3D imaging DBT 1 Three manufacturers approved for Tomo Hologic and GE, and Siemens Why 2D Digital Mammography 2D FFDM it appears to

More information

Classification of Subject Motion for Improved Reconstruction of Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Classification of Subject Motion for Improved Reconstruction of Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging 1 CS 9 Final Project Classification of Subject Motion for Improved Reconstruction of Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Feiyu Chen Department of Electrical Engineering ABSTRACT Subject motion is a significant

More information

The Dornier Compact Delta II. Integrated Transportable Lithotripter

The Dornier Compact Delta II. Integrated Transportable Lithotripter The Dornier Compact Delta II Integrated Transportable Lithotripter The Optimal Solution: The Dornier Compact Delta II 2 The compact and easily transportable Compact Delta II is effective and easy to use.

More information

Advanced Image Reconstruction Methods for Photoacoustic Tomography

Advanced Image Reconstruction Methods for Photoacoustic Tomography Advanced Image Reconstruction Methods for Photoacoustic Tomography Mark A. Anastasio, Kun Wang, and Robert Schoonover Department of Biomedical Engineering Washington University in St. Louis 1 Outline Photoacoustic/thermoacoustic

More information

C-arm Tomographic Imaging Technique for Nephrolithiasis and Detection of Kidney Stones

C-arm Tomographic Imaging Technique for Nephrolithiasis and Detection of Kidney Stones C-arm Tomographic Imaging Technique for Nephrolithiasis and Detection of Kidney Stones Nuhad A. Malalla, Ying Chen * Abstract in this paper, we investigated a C-arm tomographic technique as a new three

More information

Automated Lesion Detection Methods for 2D and 3D Chest X-Ray Images

Automated Lesion Detection Methods for 2D and 3D Chest X-Ray Images Automated Lesion Detection Methods for 2D and 3D Chest X-Ray Images Takeshi Hara, Hiroshi Fujita,Yongbum Lee, Hitoshi Yoshimura* and Shoji Kido** Department of Information Science, Gifu University Yanagido

More information

Minnesota Academic Standards for Mathematics 2007

Minnesota Academic Standards for Mathematics 2007 An Alignment of Minnesota for Mathematics 2007 to the Pearson Integrated High School Mathematics 2014 to Pearson Integrated High School Mathematics Common Core Table of Contents Chapter 1... 1 Chapter

More information

Digital Image Processing

Digital Image Processing Digital Image Processing SPECIAL TOPICS CT IMAGES Hamid R. Rabiee Fall 2015 What is an image? 2 Are images only about visual concepts? We ve already seen that there are other kinds of image. In this lecture

More information

Application of level set based method for segmentation of blood vessels in angiography images

Application of level set based method for segmentation of blood vessels in angiography images Lodz University of Technology Faculty of Electrical, Electronic, Computer and Control Engineering Institute of Electronics PhD Thesis Application of level set based method for segmentation of blood vessels

More information

VJ Technologies Inspection Services Division. By Bob Maziuk, February 2015

VJ Technologies Inspection Services Division. By Bob Maziuk, February 2015 White Paper on the Inspection of Underground Electrical Conductors, Insulation, and Splices in Oil-Filled Piping Using High Energy Computed Tomography (CT) VJ Technologies Inspection Services Division

More information

Acknowledgements. Atlas-based automatic measurements of the morphology of the tibiofemoral joint

Acknowledgements. Atlas-based automatic measurements of the morphology of the tibiofemoral joint Atlas-based automatic measurements of the morphology of the tibiofemoral joint M Brehler 1, G Thawait 2, W Shyr 1, J Ramsay 3, JH Siewerdsen 1,2, W Zbijewski 1 1 Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Johns

More information

HPISD Eighth Grade Math

HPISD Eighth Grade Math HPISD Eighth Grade Math The student uses mathematical processes to: acquire and demonstrate mathematical understanding Apply mathematics to problems arising in everyday life, society, and the workplace.

More information

Correlation of 2012 Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) for Mathematics to Moving with Math-by-Topic Level D Grade 8

Correlation of 2012 Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) for Mathematics to Moving with Math-by-Topic Level D Grade 8 Correlation of 2012 Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) for Mathematics to Moving with Math-by-Topic Level D Grade 8 8.1 Mathematical process standards. The student uses mathematical processes

More information

Middle School Math Course 3

Middle School Math Course 3 Middle School Math Course 3 Correlation of the ALEKS course Middle School Math Course 3 to the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) for Mathematics Grade 8 (2012) (1) Mathematical process standards.

More information

Basics of treatment planning II

Basics of treatment planning II Basics of treatment planning II Sastry Vedam PhD DABR Introduction to Medical Physics III: Therapy Spring 2015 Dose calculation algorithms! Correction based! Model based 1 Dose calculation algorithms!

More information

I IS II. = 2y"\ V= n{ay 2 l 3 -\y 2 )dy. Jo n [fy 5 ' 3 1

I IS II. = 2y\ V= n{ay 2 l 3 -\y 2 )dy. Jo n [fy 5 ' 3 1 r Exercises 5.2 Figure 530 (a) EXAMPLE'S The region in the first quadrant bounded by the graphs of y = i* and y = 2x is revolved about the y-axis. Find the volume of the resulting solid. SOLUTON The region

More information

S. Guru Prasad, Ph.D., DABR

S. Guru Prasad, Ph.D., DABR PURPOSE S. Guru Prasad, Ph.D., DABR Director of Medical Physics IAEA Consultant NorthShore University Health System and University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine Current TPS utilize more information

More information

SYSTEM LINEARITY LAB MANUAL: 2 Modifications for P551 Fall 2013 Medical Physics Laboratory

SYSTEM LINEARITY LAB MANUAL: 2 Modifications for P551 Fall 2013 Medical Physics Laboratory SYSTEM LINEARITY LAB MANUAL: 2 Modifications for P551 Fall 2013 Medical Physics Laboratory Introduction In this lab exercise, you will investigate the linearity of the DeskCAT scanner by making measurements

More information

Unit Maps: Grade 8 Math

Unit Maps: Grade 8 Math Real Number Relationships 8.3 Number and operations. The student represents and use real numbers in a variety of forms. Representation of Real Numbers 8.3A extend previous knowledge of sets and subsets

More information

Technical Publications

Technical Publications GE Medical Systems Technical Publications Direction 2188003-100 Revision 0 Tissue Volume Analysis DICOM for DICOM V3.0 Copyright 1997 By General Electric Co. Do not duplicate REVISION HISTORY REV DATE

More information

Improvement of contrast using reconstruction of 3D Image by PET /CT combination system

Improvement of contrast using reconstruction of 3D Image by PET /CT combination system Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Advances in Applied Science Research, 2013, 4(1):285-290 ISSN: 0976-8610 CODEN (USA): AASRFC Improvement of contrast using reconstruction of 3D Image

More information

A Study of Medical Image Analysis System

A Study of Medical Image Analysis System Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 8(25), DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2015/v8i25/80492, October 2015 ISSN (Print) : 0974-6846 ISSN (Online) : 0974-5645 A Study of Medical Image Analysis System Kim Tae-Eun

More information

Context-sensitive Classification Forests for Segmentation of Brain Tumor Tissues

Context-sensitive Classification Forests for Segmentation of Brain Tumor Tissues Context-sensitive Classification Forests for Segmentation of Brain Tumor Tissues D. Zikic, B. Glocker, E. Konukoglu, J. Shotton, A. Criminisi, D. H. Ye, C. Demiralp 3, O. M. Thomas 4,5, T. Das 4, R. Jena

More information

Unit Maps: Grade 8 Math

Unit Maps: Grade 8 Math Real Number Relationships 8.3 Number and operations. The student represents and use real numbers in a variety of forms. Representation of Real Numbers 8.3A extend previous knowledge of sets and subsets

More information

The Dornier Compact Delta II. Integrated Transportable Lithotripter

The Dornier Compact Delta II. Integrated Transportable Lithotripter The Dornier Compact Delta II Integrated Transportable Lithotripter The Optimal Solution: The Dornier Compact Delta II Dornier Optimal Solution 2 Compact Delta II Advanced Technology and System Flexibility

More information

INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT FOR VOLUMETRIC INTEGRITY

INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT FOR VOLUMETRIC INTEGRITY INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT FOR VOLUMETRIC INTEGRITY VERIFICATION AND ANALYSIS M. L. Hsiao and J. W. Eberhard CR&D General Electric Company Schenectady, NY 12301 J. B. Ross Aircraft Engine - QTC General

More information

New York State Regents Examination in Geometry (Common Core) Performance Level Descriptions

New York State Regents Examination in Geometry (Common Core) Performance Level Descriptions New York State Regents Examination in Geometry (Common Core) Performance Level Descriptions August 2015 THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234 Geometry

More information

Measurements using three-dimensional product imaging

Measurements using three-dimensional product imaging ARCHIVES of FOUNDRY ENGINEERING Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences ISSN (1897-3310) Volume 10 Special Issue 3/2010 41 46 7/3 Measurements using

More information

3/27/2012 WHY SPECT / CT? SPECT / CT Basic Principles. Advantages of SPECT. Advantages of CT. Dr John C. Dickson, Principal Physicist UCLH

3/27/2012 WHY SPECT / CT? SPECT / CT Basic Principles. Advantages of SPECT. Advantages of CT. Dr John C. Dickson, Principal Physicist UCLH 3/27/212 Advantages of SPECT SPECT / CT Basic Principles Dr John C. Dickson, Principal Physicist UCLH Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London Hospitals and University College London john.dickson@uclh.nhs.uk

More information

Optimization of CT Simulation Imaging. Ingrid Reiser Dept. of Radiology The University of Chicago

Optimization of CT Simulation Imaging. Ingrid Reiser Dept. of Radiology The University of Chicago Optimization of CT Simulation Imaging Ingrid Reiser Dept. of Radiology The University of Chicago Optimization of CT imaging Goal: Achieve image quality that allows to perform the task at hand (diagnostic

More information

demonstrate an understanding of the exponent rules of multiplication and division, and apply them to simplify expressions Number Sense and Algebra

demonstrate an understanding of the exponent rules of multiplication and division, and apply them to simplify expressions Number Sense and Algebra MPM 1D - Grade Nine Academic Mathematics This guide has been organized in alignment with the 2005 Ontario Mathematics Curriculum. Each of the specific curriculum expectations are cross-referenced to the

More information

Mathematics Background

Mathematics Background Measurement All measurements are approximations. In their work in this Unit, students explore ways to find measures for two and three dimensional figures. Even using exact formulas depends on how students

More information

Middle School Math Course 2

Middle School Math Course 2 Middle School Math Course 2 Correlation of the ALEKS course Middle School Math Course 2 to the Indiana Academic Standards for Mathematics Grade 7 (2014) 1: NUMBER SENSE = ALEKS course topic that addresses

More information

On the impact of probing form error on form measurement in Computed Tomography

On the impact of probing form error on form measurement in Computed Tomography On the impact of probing form error on form measurement in Computed Tomography Jan Lasson Andreasen 1, Filippo Montanari 2, Leonardo De Chiffre 2 More info about this article: http://www.ndt.net/?id=23729

More information

Image Analysis, Geometrical Modelling and Image Synthesis for 3D Medical Imaging

Image Analysis, Geometrical Modelling and Image Synthesis for 3D Medical Imaging Image Analysis, Geometrical Modelling and Image Synthesis for 3D Medical Imaging J. SEQUEIRA Laboratoire d'informatique de Marseille - FRE CNRS 2246 Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, 163 avenue de Luminy,

More information

doi: /

doi: / Yiting Xie ; Anthony P. Reeves; Single 3D cell segmentation from optical CT microscope images. Proc. SPIE 934, Medical Imaging 214: Image Processing, 9343B (March 21, 214); doi:1.1117/12.243852. (214)

More information

David Wagner, Kaan Divringi, Can Ozcan Ozen Engineering

David Wagner, Kaan Divringi, Can Ozcan Ozen Engineering Internal Forces of the Femur: An Automated Procedure for Applying Boundary Conditions Obtained From Inverse Dynamic Analysis to Finite Element Simulations David Wagner, Kaan Divringi, Can Ozcan Ozen Engineering

More information

Increasing Interoperability, what is the Impact on Reliability? Illustrated with Health care examples

Increasing Interoperability, what is the Impact on Reliability? Illustrated with Health care examples Illustrated with Health care examples by Gerrit Muller University of South-Eastern Norway-NISE e-mail: gaudisite@gmail.com www.gaudisite.nl Abstract In all domains the amount of interoperability between

More information

An investigation of temporal resolution parameters in cine-mode four-dimensional computed tomography acquisition

An investigation of temporal resolution parameters in cine-mode four-dimensional computed tomography acquisition JOURNAL OF APPLIED CLINICAL MEDICAL PHYSICS, VOLUME 9, NUMBER 4, FALL 2008 An investigation of temporal resolution parameters in cine-mode four-dimensional computed tomography acquisition Yildirim D. Mutaf

More information

Automated False Positive Reduction and Feature Extraction of Kidney Stone Object in 3D CT Images

Automated False Positive Reduction and Feature Extraction of Kidney Stone Object in 3D CT Images Received: August 25, 2018 62 Automated False Positive Reduction and Feature Extraction of Kidney Stone Object in 3D CT Images Nilar Thein 1 * Teguh Bharata Adji 1 Kazuhiko Hamamoto 2 Hanung Adi Nugroho

More information

The Quantification of Volumetric Asymmetry by Dynamic Surface Topography. Thomas Shannon Oxford Brookes University Oxford, U.K.

The Quantification of Volumetric Asymmetry by Dynamic Surface Topography. Thomas Shannon Oxford Brookes University Oxford, U.K. The Quantification of Volumetric Asymmetry by Dynamic Surface Topography Thomas Shannon Oxford Brookes University Oxford, U.K. The psychosocial impact of the cosmetic defect on Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

More information

Side-by-Side Comparison of the Texas Educational Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) and Louisiana Grade Level Expectations (GLEs) MATHEMATICS: Geometry

Side-by-Side Comparison of the Texas Educational Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) and Louisiana Grade Level Expectations (GLEs) MATHEMATICS: Geometry Side-by-Side Comparison of the Texas Educational Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) and Louisiana Grade Level Expectations (GLEs) MATHEMATICS: Geometry TEKS Comments Louisiana GLE (G.1) Geometric Structure. The

More information