absolute value- the absolute value of a number is the distance between that number and 0 on a number line. Absolute value is shown 7 = 7-16 = 16

Transcription

1 Grade Six MATH GLOSSARY absolute value- the absolute value of a number is the distance between that number and 0 on a number line. Absolute value is shown 7 = 7-16 = 16 abundant number: A number whose proper factors sum to a number greater than the original number. acute angle: An angle that measures greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees. acute triangle: A triangle with all acute angles. addend: The numbers being added in an addition problem. algebraic expression- an expression that may contain numbers, operations, and one or more symbols (variables) angle: Two rays that meet at a common endpoint. area: The measure of covering inside a figure. It is measured in square units. array: A rectangular arrangement of objects with an equal number of objects in each row. Associative Property of Addition: Changing the grouping of three or more of the addends does not change the sum. 6 + (5 + 4) = (6 + 5) + 4 Associative Property of Multiplication: Changing the grouping of the factors does not change the product. (7 4) 3 = 7 (4 3) average: See mean. base: (of an exponent) The number used as the factor in exponential form. In 3 5, the base is 3, the exponent is 5. base: (of a 3-dimensional object) A plane (2 dimensional) face of a 3 dimensional figure. A cylinder and prism have congruent, parallel bases. bimodal: A data set that has two modes. box and whisker plot (box plot) - a graph that represents a data set along a number line by using the least value, the greatest value, and the quartiles of the data. A box and whisker plot shows the variability of the data set. center point: A point that is the same distance from all the points on a circle.

2 certain: An event will always happen. chord: A line segment with its endpoints on the circle. circle: A set of points equidistant from a fixed point called the center. circumference: The distance around the circle. coefficient- the numerical factor of a term that contains a variable. in the term 6x, 6 is the coefficient common factors- factors that are shared by two or more numbers 12 and 15 have a common factor of 3. common multiples - multiples that are shared by two or more numbers. 24 is a common multiple of 6 and 8. Commutative Property of Addition: Changing the order of the addends does not change the sum = Commutative Property of Multiplication: Changing the order of the factors does not change the product. 3 4 = 4 3 compatible number: A number that is easy to work with mentally. composite figure- a figure made up of triangles, squares, rectangles, and other two-dimensional figures. composite number: A number with more than two factors. congruent: Having exactly the same size and same shape. cone: A three dimensional figure with one vertex and one circular base. constant- a term without a variable 9 coordinates: An ordered pair of numbers that gives the location of a point on a coordinate grid. The x-coordinate tells you how many units to move horizontally starting at the origin. The y-coordinate tells you how many units to move vertically starting at the origin. coordinate grid (coordinate plane): A 2 dimensional system in which the coordinates of a point are its distances from two perpendicular straight lines called axes. pg. 2 6 th Grade Math Glossary

3 conversion factor- a rate that equals 1. counting numbers: {1, 2, 3, 4, } cross product: The product of one numerator and the opposite denominator in a pair of equivalent fractions. The cross products of equivalent fractions are equal. cube: (1) A number raised to the third power. 5 3 or (2) A rectangular prism with six congruent square faces. cubed: A number raised to the third power. cylinder: A three dimensional figure with two parallel congruent circular bases connected by a curved lateral surface. decagon: A ten-sided polygon. decimal: A number with a decimal point that represents and is equivalent to a fraction with a denominator of 10 or a power of 10. deficient number: A number whose sum of its proper factors is less than the original number. denominator: The total number of equal parts in the whole or group. diameter: A line segment that passes through the center of a circle and has its endpoints on the circle. A diameter is a special chord. difference: The answer to a subtraction problem. digit: Any one of the ten symbols 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. dimensions: (1) The lengths of sides of a geometric figure; (2) the number of coordinates needed to locate a point in space. 2 dimensional, 3 dimensional. Distributive Property: The property that states if you multiply a sum by a number, you will get the same result if you multiply each addend by that number and then add the products. 5 ( 6 + 2) = (5 6) + (5 2) dividend: The total you begin with before fair sharing or making equal groups. divisible: The first number is divisible by the second number if the second number divides into the first number equally without a remainder. divisor: The number of equal groups; in a division problem it is the number by which another number is being divided. In 56 8, 8 is the divisor. 6 th Grade Math Glossary Pg. 3

4 dodecagon: A twelve-sided polygon. edge: The line segment where two faces of a solid figure meet. edge endpoint: A point at either end of a line segment or a point at one end of a ray. equally likely: Two or more events that have the same chance or equal probability. equation: A sentence that contains an equal sign and shows two mathematical expressions are equal. equiangular: All angles of a polygon are equal. equilateral triangle: A triangle with all sides and angles equal (congruent). equivalent fractions: Fractions that have the same value. Equivalent fractions name the same or equal part of the whole or group. equivalent ratios- two ratios that describe the same relationship evaluate- to find the value of a numerical expression even number: A number that can be formed by making pairs OR A number that is divisible by 2. Even numbers end in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8. event: The thing that will or will not happen. For example, picking a red marble out of a bag. expanded form: A way to write numbers that shows the value of each digit. 378 = expanded notation: A way to write numbers that shows each digit times the corresponding place value. 378 = (3 100) + (7 10) + ( 8 1) exponent: The number that indicates how many times the base is used as a factor. Examples: x exponent base exponential notation: A way of writing a number using exponents. 387 = (3 x 10 2 ) + (8x10 1 ) + ( 7x10 0 ) expression: A variable or combination of variables, numbers, and symbols that represents a mathematical relationship. factor: The numbers used in a multiplication problem OR A factor of a given number is any number that divides into a given number with no remainder. factor pair- a pair of factors that result in a product. 2 and 5 are a factor pair of 10. pg. 4 6 th Grade Math Glossary

5 factoring an expression- to write a numerical expression or algebraic expression as a product of factors face: A plane figure that serves as one side of a solid figure. first quartile- the median of the lower half of a box and whisker plot five-number summary - the five numbers that make up a box and whisker plot; lower quartile, upper quartile, median, greatest value (maximum), and least value (minimum) flip (reflection): A transformation of a figure which flips the figure across a line. F.O.O.: See order of operations. fraction: One or more equal parts of a whole or group. frequency: The number of times something occurs. frequency table- a table that groups data values in intervals function: Pairs of numbers that follow a rule. In a function, there is only one Out number for an In number. graph of an inequality- a number line that shows all the solutions of the inequality greatest common factor: The largest common factor of two or more numbers. hexagon: A six-sided polygon. histogram- a bar graph that shows the frequency of data values in intervals of the same size hypotenuse: In a right triangle, the side opposite the right angle. Identity Property of Addition: The property that states adding a zero to a given number gives a sum identical to the given number. Identity Property of Multiplication: The property that states multiplying a given number by 1 gives a product identical to the given number. impossible: An event that will never happen. improper fraction: A fraction whose numerator is greater than or equal to its denominator. hypotenuse inequality- a mathematical sentence that compares expressions which contains the symbols >, <, >, or < 6 th Grade Math Glossary Pg. 5

6 infinite: Having no boundaries or limits. integers: The set of whole numbers and their opposites. { 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, } interquartile range- the difference between the third quartile and the first quartile intersect: When lines, rays, or line segments meet or cross at one point. inverse operations- operations that undo each other. Addition and subtraction are inverse operations, and multiplication is the inverse operation of division. irregular polygon: A polygon whose sides and angles are not all equal. isosceles triangle: A triangle with at least two sides and their opposite angles equal. least common denominator: (LCD) The smallest common multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions. least common multiple: The smallest number, other than zero, that is a multiple of two or more numbers. leg: In a right triangle, one of two sides that form the right angle. like terms- terms in an algebraic expression that have the same variables raised to the same exponents. Constants are also like terms. Examples: 3x2 and 5x2 are like terms. 7 and 12 are like terms. line: An infinite set of points forming a straight path in two directions. line segment: A part of a line defined by two endpoints. line symmetry: When a figure can be reflected over a line so its image matches the original figure. The line is called the line of symmetry. mean: An evening or leveling of data so all the numbers are the same; the sum of the pieces of data divided by the number of pieces of data is a procedure used to calculate this average. pg. 6 6 th Grade Math Glossary

7 measure of center- a measure that describes the typical value of a data set. Mean, median, and mode are measures of center. measures of central tendency: Values which include mean, median, and mode that summarize the central value of a set of data. median: The middle value in a set of data after the numbers are arranged in order from least to greatest, or the mean of two numbers when the set has two middle values. metric system - a decimal system of measurement base on powers of 10 which contains units for length, capacity, and mass. Examples of the units are centimeters, grams, kilograms, meters, cubic centimeters, etc. minuend: The number being subtracted from. mixed number: An expression that contains a whole number and a fraction. mode: The piece (or pieces) of data that appear most often in a set of data. There can be one mode, multiple modes (more than one mode), or no mode. multiple: A multiple of a given number is the product of that number and any natural number (counting number). multiplicative inverse: Two expressions (including whole numbers, fractions, mixed numbers, decimals, etc.) whose product is one are called reciprocals or multiplicative inverses. natural numbers: The counting numbers {1, 2, 3, 4, }. negative integer: An integer less than zero. { 4, 3, 2, 1 } net: A 2 dimensional shape that can be folded into a 3 dimensional figure. will fold into nonagon: A nine-sided polygon. numerator: The number of equal parts you are interested in out of the whole or group. numerical expression - an expression that contains only numbers and operations obtuse angle: An angle that measure greater than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees. obtuse triangle: A triangle with one obtuse angle. octagon: An eight-sided polygon. 6 th Grade Math Glossary Pg. 7

8 odd number: When you try to put an odd number of things into pairs there is always one leftover OR A number that is not divisible by 2. Odd numbers end in 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9. opposites - two numbers that are the same distance from 0 on a number line, but on opposte sides of 0. Examples: 6 and -6 are opposites, 0 is the opposite of 0. Order of Operations (Fundamental Order of Operations or F.O.O.): a rule describing the sequence to use in evaluating expressions. mnemonic is PEMDAS Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication or Division (left to right), Addition or Subtraction (left to right). ordered pair: A pair of numbers that gives the coordinates of a point on a coordinate grid in the order (x, y) (horizontal, vertical). ordinal numbers: A whole number that names the position of an object in a sequence. first, second, third, etc. origin: The intersection of the x and y axes in a coordinate plane, described by the ordered pair (0,0). outcome: One of the possible things that can happen in a probability experiment. outlier: A value in a set of data that is much greater or less than the other values in the set of data. parallel: When lines, line segments, or rays are always the same distance apart. parallelogram: A quadrilateral with 2 pairs of parallel and congruent sides. pentagon: A five-sided polygon. percent: A fraction whose denominator is 100 represented as a number written with a percent sign (%). perfect number: A number whose sum of its proper factors is equal to the number itself. perfect square - the square of a whole number. 36 is a perfect square because 62 = 36 perimeter: The distance around the RIM of a figure. perpendicular : When lines, line segments, or rays intersect to form a right angle. pg. 8 6 th Grade Math Glossary

9 point: An exact location in space represented by a dot. place value: The value of the position of a digit in a number. plane: A flat surface that extends infinitely in all directions. plane figure: A 2 dimensional figure such as a circle, polygon, or angle. polygon: A closed figure formed from line segments that meet only at their endpoints. Number of sides / polygon name 3 triangle 4 quadrilateral 5 pentagon 6 hexagon 7 heptagon or septagon 8 octagon 9 nonagon 10 decagon 11 hendecagon 12 dodecagon positive integer: An integer greater than zero. {1, 2, 3, 4, } polyhedron: A 3 dimensional figure in which all surfaces are polygons, such as prisms and pyramids. power: Any expression in the form a n is a power. 4 to the third power = 4 3 prime factorization: A number written as a product of its prime factors. prime number: A number with two factors: the number 1 and itself. prism: A three dimensional figure with two congruent parallel bases that are polygons and the remaining faces are parallelograms. probability: The chance that an event will or will not happen. Probability can be expressed as a fraction. probability = the number of successes the total possible outcomes product: The answer to a multiplication problem. 6 th Grade Math Glossary Pg. 9

10 proper factor: Factors of a number other than the number itself. the proper factors of 18 are 1,2, 3, 6, and 9. proper fraction: A fraction whose numerator is less than its denominator. protractor: Tool for measuring angles. pyramid: A 3 dimensional figure whose base is a polygon and all other faces are triangles that meet at a common vertex. quadrant: One of the four sections of a coordinate grid that are separated by the axes. quadrilateral: A four-sided polygon. quartiles - a quartile divides a set of data into four equal parts. quotient: The answer to a division problem. radius: A line segment with one endpoint at the center of a circle and the other endpoint on the circle. Plural is radii. random: By chance, with no outcome any more likely than another. flipping a coin has a random outcome. range: The difference between the greatest and least numbers in a data set. rate - the ratio of two quantities using different units. 5 miles: 3 hours ratio: A comparison of two numbers using division. rational number - a number that can be written as a simple fraction Examples:, 0.78, 4, 3.47 ray: A set of points that extends in one direction with one endpoint. reciprocals: Two expressions (including whole numbers, fractions, mixed numbers, decimals, etc.) whose product is one are called reciprocals or multiplicative inverses. rectangle: A quadrilateral with 2 pairs of congruent parallel sides and 4 right angles. rectangular prism: A prism with six rectangular faces. reduce: To put a fraction into simplest form. 3 6 = 1 2 pg th Grade Math Glossary

11 reflection (flip): A transformation of a figure which flips the figure across a line. reflex angle: An angle that measures greater than 180. reflexive marks: Symbols on a polygon that show congruent sides and angles, and indicates which sides are parallel. regular polygon: A polygon with all sides and angles equal (congruent). remainder: The number left over when a set of objects is fair shared. repeating decimal: A decimal that has a sequence of digits that repeats infinitely. Examples: rhombus: A quadrilateral with 2 pairs of parallel sides and 4 congruent sides. right angle: An angle that measures exactly 90 degrees. right triangle: A triangle with one right angle. rotation (turn): A transformation of a figure in which the figure is turned around a point. rotational symmetry: The ability for a figure to rotate and still look like the original figure. sample: A number of people, objects, or events chosen from a given population to represent the entire group. scalene triangle: A triangle with no sides or angles equal (congruent). septagon/heptagon: A seven-sided polygon. side: A line segment connected to other line segments to form a polygon. similar figures: Figures that have the same shape but not necessarily the same size. 6 th Grade Math Glossary Pg. 11

12 simplest form: A fraction whose numerator and denominator have no common factor greater than 1. 1 is in simplest form. 2 slide (translation): A movement of a figure along a straight line. solution: A value or values that make an equation true. 7 + x = 19; the solution is x = 12 solution set - the set of all solutions of an inequaltity. {3, 4, 5, } is the solution set of the inequality 6 + x > 9 sphere: A three-dimensional figure with all points the same distance from the center. square: A quadrilateral with 2 pairs of parallel sides, 4 equal (congruent) sides and 4 right angles. square root: One of two equal factors of a number. 7 is the square root of = 7 square number: The product of a number multiplied by itself. standard form: The form of a number written with one digit for each place value. Examples: , 788 1,252,645 statistical question - a question for which you don't expect to get a single answer. Asking a group of people, "What is your shoe size?" statistics - the science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data. straight angle: An angle that measures exactly 180 degrees. stem and leaf plot - a data display which uses the digits of data values to organize the data set. Each data value is broken into a stem (digit or digits on the left) and a leaf (digit or digits on the right) subtrahend: The number being subtracted. sum: The answer to an addition problem. surface area - surface area of a solid is the sum of the areas of all its faces symmetry: See line symmetry and rotational symmetry. term - parts of an algebraic expression (a constant, variable, or constant multiplied by a variable) Examples: 9, x, 7n are terms. terminating decimal: A decimal number which ends (terminates). Comment [LG1]: The next item in a sequence. Examples: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25,,,. The next three terms in the sequence are 36, 49, and 64. pg th Grade Math Glossary

13 tessellation: A covering of a plane without overlaps or gaps using combinations of congruent figures. third quartile - the median of the upper half of a box and whisker plot transformation: A rule for moving every point in a plane figure to a new location. See translation, rotation, and reflection. translation (slide): A movement of a figure along a straight line. trapezoid: A quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides. right trapezoid isosceles trapezoid triangle: A three-sided polygon. turn (rotation): A transformation of a figure in which the figure is turned around a point. turn symmetry: See rotational symmetry. twin prime numbers: Two prime numbers that are also consecutive odd numbers. 3 and 5 unique number (#1): The number 1 has only one factor. (It is therefore unique.) unit fraction: A proper fraction with one as the numerator. Examples: 1 3, 1 5, 1 8 unit rate - a ratio which compares a quantity to one unit of another quantity. 7 miles:1 hour variable: A symbol, usually a letter, that represents a number in an algebraic expression. Venn diagram - a data display which uses circles to describe relationships between two or more sets. vertex: The point where two rays meet to form an angle. Plural is vertices. vinculum: A symbol used to show that decimals repeat infinitely. Examples: volume - the measure of the amount of space a three-dimensional figure occupies, measured in cubic units. 6 th Grade Math Glossary Pg. 13

14 whole numbers: The set of counting numbers and zero. {0, 1, 2, 3, } word form: The value of a number written in words. 378 is three hundred seventy eight. Zero Property of Multiplication: The property that states the product of any number and zero is zero. pg th Grade Math Glossary