Dynamics in Maya. Gary Monheit Alias Wavefront PHYSICALLY BASED MODELING SH1 SIGGRAPH 97 COURSE NOTES
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1 Dynamics in Maya Gary Monheit Alias Wavefront SH1
2 Dynamics in Maya Overall Requirements Architecture and Features Animations SH2
3 Overall Requirements Why Dynamics? Problems with traditional animation techniques Kinds of dynamics problems Requirements for software architecture SH3
4 Why Dynamics? SH4
5 Problems with traditional animation Hard to keyframe Rendered polygons don t give desired effects Amorphous effects hard to achieve Lacks high level control, simulation Lacks procedural control SH5
6 Kinds of dynamics problems Particles Contain a set of points in global space with attributes Affected by dynamic solver Created at either object creation time or by emitters Handle birth and death Support a variety of rendering techniques Soft Bodies Geometry with points updated by a particle object Superset of all particle features Rigid Bodies Geometry with fixed topology and points Affected by collisions, constraints, and external forces SH6
7 Requirements for software architecture Integrated Extensible Reusable Tweakable Support Relationships SH7
8 Integrated Maya as scene object architecture Nodes Attributes Connections Keyframing Any scalar attributes 3D motion of non dynamic objects Keyframe editors are familiar to animators Layered procedural animation Output from dynamics can be input to other nodes Outputs from other nodes can be input to dynamics Rendering Rendered within Maya or exported to other renderer Software rendering (volumetric) Hardware rendering (opengl) SH8
9 Extensible Maya embedded language (Mel) Parameter driven: attributes ASCII scene file format SH9
10 Reusable Layered scenes with geometry and effects Create your own clipfx with Mel SH10
11 Tweakable Attributes are modifiable Keyframes Expressions Connect to other nodes Add user defined attributes SH11
12 Relationships Object to object relationships Attribute to attribute relationships SH12
13 Dynamics in Maya Overall Requirements Architecture and Features Animations SH13
14 Architecture & Features Maya Architecture Dynamic Architecture Rendering Expressions Integrated Dynamics SH14
15 Maya Architecture (part 1) Nodes Attributes Connections SH15
16 Maya Architecture (part 2) Transforms and Shapes DAG: Directed Acyclic Graph The "object" is really the transform plus the shape(s) SH16
17 Dynamics Architecture Particles Fields Emitters Collision Models Particle Collision Events Controllers Connectables and Connections Soft Bodies Springs Rigid Bodies SH17
18 Particles A particle object is a particle system Per particle (array) attributes vs. scalar attributes User defined attributes Particles act independently No particle to particle collisions What affects particles? Fields Springs Attribute values Expressions (one line or multi line) Dynamics controller attributes SH18
19 Fields Positional fields Geometry fields. Example: sphere owns radial field Types of fields Air Drag Gravity Newton Radial Turbulence Uniform Vortex SH19
20 Emitters Emitters Creates new particles into a particle object Hose vs. water. Emitter is the hose. Positional emitter The transform defines the position, orientation Parented, keyframed, in IK chain,... Geometry emitter Geometry owns the emitter Point vs. surface Particle, NURBS, polygon, lattice, curve... SH20
21 Collision Models Elasticity Friction Collision trace depth SH21
22 Particle Collision Events In the event that a particle collides: Emit Split Die Optionally call a Mel proc each time the event occurs SH22
23 Connectables and Connections Dynamics object Dynamics objects: Particles Soft bodies Rigid bodies connect flags Connectable object Connectable object owns one or more of any combination of: Fields Emitters Collision models What kind of object can be a connectable: Polygon, NURBS, lattice, curve,... SH23
24 Examples of connections Description Conn Type Connection Sphere emits particles emission particles > sphere Particles fall under field particles > gravity gravity Particles bounce on collision particles > surface surface Particles owning radial field soft cube > particles field repel a soft cube Point emitter emits emission soft mesh > pt emitter soft mesh SH24
25 Controllers Manage dynamic objects that may interact Interface to a differential equations solver Necessary so that all dynamics objects get updated in sync Hold global attributes for dynamics SH25
26 Goals Goals are geometry, particles, or soft bodies referenced in a particle object Create a force for each particle to move toward a point on the goal Particles or soft bodies can have multiple goals Does not require the same number of points as target Individual goal weight 0 to 1 Attribute goalpp 0 to 1 (per particle) Dynamics weight 0 to 1 for the forces generated by fields and collisions SH26
27 Springs Classical mechanics spring Hook s Law Stiffness and damping Start force weight, end force weight 0 to 1 Amount of the force of the spring that gets applied to either start or end point (0, 1) or (1, 0) simulates nailing one end of the spring SH27
28 Soft bodies Soft is a command, not a node For the user, soft bodies are geometry whose points are updated by a particle object Internally, soft bodies are the particle object Geometry converted or duplicated in a soft body Springs generated by min max distance or by walk length Oversampling (small solver step size) stabilize springs SH28
29 Rigid Bodies Nodes Rigid body Constraints Nail Pin Hinge Spring Barrier Transformations updated by a solver that applies forces Internal constraints added implicitly (by contact) or explicitly (by constraint objects) SH29
30 Rigid Body Features Contact forces handled for resting and sliding objects Static and dynamic friction Active rigid body collision detection dynamic response Passive rigid body collision detection independent control by keyframes, expressions, other nodes Cache motion Collision layers used to reduce complexity Choice of 3 kinds of solvers SH30
31 Rendering Render Types Hardware Rendering in OpenGL Software Rendering SH31
32 Render Types Point Multi point Streak (lines) Multi streak Sprites (textures) Sphere Geometry Numeric (for debugging) Tube (Software) Cloud (Software) Blobby Surface (Software) SH32
33 Software rendering Volumetric rendering Blobby surface render type uses any shader Tube and Cloud render types use specific particle cloud shader Future: hair shader SH33
34 Expressions Mel Language Attribute Expressions Particle Expressions SH34
35 Mel Language Maya Embedded Language Unified language for file format, command engine, and expressions Like C Like shell SH35
36 Attribute Expressions Lazy evaluation evaluate when needed Multi line expressions Multiple input and output attributes SH36
37 Particle Expressions Particle expressions executed per particle Multi line expressions are like small programs Any attribute accessible for setting and getting values Run time vs. creation rules Built in functions for math, system, I/O, arrays Data types: int, float, string, vector int[], float[], string[], vector[] Maya commands can be called from expressions Example: // Creation rule for setting color: dynexpression c at rgbpp s "rgbpp = sphrand(1);" colorcloud; // Runtime rule for setting color: dynexpression r at rgbpp s "if( age >.5 ) rgbpp += <<0,0,rand(.1)>>;" colorcloud; SH37
38 Integrated Dynamics Dynamics and transforms Rigid Bodies active and passive Soft Body, curves, and IK chain Soft Body and deformers Soft Body, Rigid Body, and goals Particle collision events... SH38
39 Dynamics in Maya Overall Requirements Architecture and Features Animations SH39
40 Future Work Maya 2.0 SH40
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