Medical Imaging Introduction

Transcription

1 Medical Imaging Introduction Jan Kybic February 16, 2010

2 Medical imaging: a collaborative paradigm picture from Atam P. Dhawan: Medical Imaging

3 From physiology to information processing (what we should learn) Understanding Imaging Medium Physics of Imaging Imaging Instrumentation Data Acquisition Methods Image Processing and Analysis

4 From physiology to information processing (what we should learn) Understanding Imaging Medium Physics of Imaging Imaging Instrumentation Data Acquisition Methods Image Processing and Analysis

5 From physiology to information processing (what we should learn) Understanding Imaging Medium Physics of Imaging Imaging Instrumentation Data Acquisition Methods Image Processing and Analysis

6 From physiology to information processing (what we should learn) Understanding Imaging Medium Physics of Imaging Imaging Instrumentation Data Acquisition Methods Image Processing and Analysis

7 From physiology to information processing (what we should learn) Understanding Imaging Medium Physics of Imaging Imaging Instrumentation Data Acquisition Methods Image Processing and Analysis

8 Medical imaging pipeline

9 Medical imaging pipeline Physical property Raw data Improved data Images/volumes Quantitative/qualitative inf. patient/subject Imaging device Preprocessing Reconstruction Interpretation physician Decision

10 Medical imaging pipeline Physical property Raw data Improved data Images/volumes Quantitative/qualitative inf. patient/subject Imaging device Preprocessing Reconstruction Interpretation physician Decision

11 Medical imaging pipeline Physical property Raw data Improved data Images/volumes Quantitative/qualitative inf. Statistical processing patient/subject Imaging device Preprocessing Reconstruction Interpretation physician Decision

12 Imaging device Physical property: density, absorbance, conductivity,... Imaging device Raw data Examples: CT, X-rays, MRI, ultrasound,...

13 Preprocessing A priori knowledge Raw data Preprocessing Preprocessed, cleaned, enhanced data Examples: Noise suppression, contract enhancement, intensity equalization, outlier elimination, bias compensation, time/space filtering,...

14 Reconstruction Physics of the acquisition device Preprocessed raw data Reconstruction Physically meaningfull images, volumes, sequences Inverse problem Examples: Tomographic reconstruction MRI, ultrasound...

15 Interpretation A priori knowledge Images, volumes, sequences Interpretation High-level processing Quantitative & qualitative inf. size, changes, metabolic inf. Examples: Registration, segmentation, classification, tracking,...

16 Modalities

17 Classification of medical modalities What information do we need? anatomical, physiological, functional

18 Classification of medical modalities What information do we need? anatomical, physiological, functional What is the energy source? external, internal, combined

19 Classification of medical modalities What information do we need? anatomical, physiological, functional What is the energy source? external, internal, combined How good is the image? resolution, noise

20 Classification of medical modalities What information do we need? anatomical, physiological, functional What is the energy source? external, internal, combined How good is the image? resolution, noise How much does it cost?

21 Energy source

22 Electromagnetic spectrum

23 Examples

24 Microscopy Optical microscopy since 17th century; Jensen, van Leeuwenhoek, Galilei,...

25 X-rays / Radiography 1895, W. Röntgen B. Röntgen hand modern hand

26 Computed tomography The machine:

27 Ultrasound Equipment

28 MEG and EEG Magnetoencephalography Electroencephalography

29 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Larmor, Bloch, Purcell, Rabi, Lauterbur,... around 1973.

30 ... and many others SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) PET (Positron Emission Tomography) gamma camera termography...

31 OK, here ends the preview. Questions?... otherwise let us start with image processing