Shift-multiplexed self-referential holographic data storage

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Shift-multiplexed self-referential holographic data storage"

Transcription

1 Shift-multiplexed self-referential holographic data storage Masanori Takabayashi, 1, * Atsushi Okamoto, 2 Taisuke Eto, 1 and Takashi Okamoto 1 1 Department of Systems Design and Informatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka , Japan 2 Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N14 W9 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido , Japan *Corresponding author: takabayashi@ces.kyutech.ac.jp Received 26 March 2014; revised 2 June 2014; accepted 2 June 2014; posted 3 June 2014 (Doc. ID ); published 2 July 2014 The feasibility and the properties of shift-multiplexed self-referential holographic data storage (SR-HDS) were investigated. Although SR-HDS has attractive features as typified by referenceless holographic recording, its multiplexing properties, which are consummately important for holographic data storage, have not been clarified until now. The results of numerical and experimental evaluations of medium shift dependence in SR-HDS clarified that the shift selectivity is almost the same as in collinear holography. Furthermore, 25 datapages were successfully shift-multiplexed with the shift pitch of 8.3 μm by the numerical simulation Optical Society of America OCIS codes: ( ) Holographic and volume memories; ( ) Diffractive optics; ( ) Volume gratings Introduction As the demands for advanced information technology in many research and industrial fields are growing, the requirements for related technologies such as communication and processing become higher. In particular, storing and archiving huge amounts of information is one of the most important applications for future society. Nowadays, information can be stored in various ways, such as magnetically, optically, and electrically. Among them, optical data storage such as CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs, has great advantages for data archiving because of its long archival life, environment resistance, thrifty power consumption, and so forth. Meanwhile, as is known, they are inferior to other storage systems such as magnetic memory in data density and data access rate. Holographic data storage (HDS), which can simultaneously achieve high data density and fast data X/14/ $15.00/ Optical Society of America access rate, has attracted much attention as a next-generation optical data storage technology [1]. Concretely, data density over 1 TB disc and data transfer rate over 1 Gbps can be realized by hologram multiplexing and by page-based parallel accessing, respectively [2,3]. In the long history of HDS, these technologies have been progressed by many researchers and engineers; however, the fundamental optical geometry has pretty much remained unchanged since its invention in 1963 [4] whereas the optical components such as spatial light modulator (SLM), imager, and recording medium have been drastically improved. Since it usually consists of two mutually coherent beams, named the signal and reference beams, the optical system will become enlarged and/or complex compared with the conventional optical data storage systems. Self-referential HDS (SR-HDS), invented in 2011, can holographically record and read information by a purely one-beam geometry [5 7]. In other words, SR-HDS does not need any additional optical path for a reference beam in the recording process. As a 10 July 2014 / Vol. 53, No. 20 / APPLIED OPTICS 4375

2 similar geometry, the collinear HDS system, in which one beam having signal and reference regions is focused to interfere these regions, has attracted attention and been developed [8 11]. However, the number of recordable data bits per illumination for recording in collinear HDS is lower than that in two-beam HDS, in which two arms are used for signal and reference beams. In contrast, since SR-HDS can use the full area of the writing beam for only a signal data page, it can be realized with few optical components and without sacrificing the data transfer rate; that is, it is a fast, compact, low-cost, and highly stable system. The reason why such attractive advantages can be realized is derived from its novel recording and reading procedures using phase modulation of the beam, and they are explained in Section 2. In our previous works [5 7], we have clarified the properties of SR-HDS with a focus on single page recording; that is, no hologram multiplexing has been assumed. However, in order to consider the performance of SR-HDS, clarifying the hologram multiplexing properties is one of the most important tasks. In this paper, we focus on the hologram multiplexing properties of SR-HDS, and shift multiplexing is assumed as its technique. First, we qualitatively explain the principle of SR-HDS and the behavior of the observed intensity at the imager when a recording medium is spatially shifted. Next, the shift selectivity, which indicates how large a shift distance is required for shift multiplexing, is evaluated both by numerical simulation and experiment. Finally, the multiplexing of 25 datapages is demonstrated by numerical simulation. 2. SR-HDS A. Procedures In the recording process, as shown in Fig. 1(a), we prepare datapage-like patterns named signal and additional patterns. Here, the signal pattern needs to be binary and is made from data to be recorded, whereas an arbitrary distribution is acceptable for the additional pattern. When a laser beam having uniform phase illuminates the phase-only SLM displaying the writing pattern which is the sum of the signal and the additional patterns, the beam is spatially phase modulated and the writing beam is generated. If the focal point is inside or near a recording medium, holograms are induced by interpixel interferences in the writing beam. In the reading process, as shown in Fig. 1(b), the pattern named the reading pattern is displayed onto the phase-only SLM. As is the case with the recording process, the reading beam is generated by illuminating the phase-only SLM displaying the reading pattern by the laser beam having uniform phase. The reading of the recorded datapage can be realized by illuminating the hologram with the reading beam. Then, the reading beam is divided into 0th diffracted (transmitted) and 1st diffracted beams. Since they propagate along the same path, they are coupled to each other. Then, it has been found that the observed intensity distribution by the coupling is similar to the signal pattern when the additional pattern used in the recording process is given as the reading pattern [5]. In other words, the signal pattern, which is phase-modulated to the beam in the recording process, is read as the intensity distribution as shown in Fig. 2. The detailed principles are explained in the next subsection and in [5]. B. Principles As mentioned in Section 2.A, the phase-modulated signal pattern is read as the intensity-modulated pattern in the reading process. To qualitatively explain how such recording and reading processes can be realized, the simplest case is assumed: only two pixels are on the SLM plane, and they are normally illuminated by a plane wave. In the recording process in the two-pixel model, as shown in Fig. 3, a plane wave illuminates a phaseonly SLM with only two active pixels, P 1 and P 2. Then we assume the phase difference between P 1 and P 2 is ϕ w. When it is assumed that the sizes of these pixels are extremely small, the beam after passing through these pixels can be regarded as a spherical beam. Furthermore, if the optical components configure a 4f optical system, these spherical beams are transformed to plane waves by the front Fig. 1. Optical configurations of SR-HDS. (a) Recording process. (b) Reading process. Fig. 2. Patterns used and observed in SR-HDS APPLIED OPTICS / Vol. 53, No. 20 / 10 July 2014

3 1.0 Contrast [arb. units] Fig. 3. Two-pixel model. lens as shown in Fig. 3. As a result of interference between these two beams (pixels), a hologram which is called the elemental hologram in this paper is induced. In the reading process, it is assumed that the phase difference between P 1 and P 2 is ϕ r. Then, as is the case with the recording process, two plane waves are generated. When these two beams illuminate the elemental hologram, they are divided into four components, namely the zeroth-order diffraction component of beam 1, b t 1 ; the first-order diffraction component of beam 1, b d 1 ; the zeroth-order diffraction component of beam 2, b t 2 ; and the firstorder diffraction component of beam 2, b d 2. Then bt 1 is coupled with b d 2, whereas bt 2 is coupled with bd 1 as shown in Fig. 3. In addition, the coupled beam of b t 1 and bd 2 and that of bt 2 and bd 1 reach the imager s pixels Q 1 and Q 2, respectively. Then, according to the coupled wave theory [12], the coupling characteristics of the beam to Q 1 and of the beam to Q 2 are different from each other when the amount of spatial phase shift of the elemental hologram that the reading beams feel, Δϕ ϕ w ϕ r, is not nπ (n:integer). Typically, when Δϕ nπ, the phase difference between b t 1 and bd 2 and that between bt 2 and bd 1 become π 2 Δϕ and π 2 Δϕ, respectively. Concretely, in the case of Δϕ 0, the coupling is symmetrical; that is, the same intensities are obtained at Q 1 and Q 2. Meanwhile, in the case of Δϕ 0, these beams are coupled asymmetrically; that is, different intensities, I 1 and I 2, are obtained at Q 1 and Q 2. Furthermore, the relationship between I 1 and I 2 can be controlled by Δϕ and is characterized by the value Contrast which is defined as Contrast I 1 I 2 I 1 I 2 : (1) -1.0 φ / π Fig. 4. Numerical simulation result of the relationship between Contrast and Δϕ. When the SLM has N pixels (N >2), the principle of SR-HDS can be qualitatively understood by regarding the behaviors of these N pixels as the multiplications of those of the two pixels. In other words, when pixels P 1 ;P 2 ; and P N are on the SLM, the output intensity of the kth pixel, P k, is decided by the superposition of the coupling between two pixels, P k and P i (i 1; 2; ;k 1;k 1; ;N). For example, in the case of N 4 as shown in Fig. 5, 4 C 2 6 types of couplings are superposed, namely coupling between P 1 and P 2, between P 1 and P 3, between P 1 and P 4, between P 2 and P 3, between P 2 and P 4, and between P 3 and P 4. When we focus on the coupling between P 2 and P 4 as an example, the sign of Contrast becomes negative because the phase difference satisfies Δϕ 0 3π 2 0 π π 2. Then the intensity of P 4 becomes stronger than that of P 2. As a result of the superposition of all couplings, it is found that the intensities of P 1 and P 4 tend to be stronger whereas those of P 2 and P 3 tend to be weaker. In other words, when the phase difference between the writing and the reading beams of each pixel is 0 (π 2), the intensity of the pixel tends to be stronger (weaker). Therefore, by designing the patterns appropriately as shown in Fig. 2, information can be recorded and read without using a reference beam. 3. Shift Multiplexing Properties in SR-HDS A. Principles of Shift Multiplexing in SR-HDS As shown in Fig. 4, SR-HDS is based on the energy coupling between two beams, and its coupling Figure 4 shows the relationship between Contrast and Δϕ and provides an important result: Contrast is related only to the phase difference between the recording pixels ϕ w, because the phase difference between the reading pixels ϕ r can be decided in the reading process. Therefore, information can be stored as the form of the phase difference of ϕ w and reconstructed as an intensity difference. Furthermore, Contrast is maximized when Δϕ is near π 2. This can be realized, for example, when ϕ w π 2 and ϕ r 0 are simultaneously satisfied. Fig. 5. Conceptual diagram of multipixel operation. 10 July 2014 / Vol. 53, No. 20 / APPLIED OPTICS 4377

4 interactions. The operation where the output intensity distribution keeps its uniformity before and after passing through holograms is similar to that when no hologram is recorded. It means that the operation of the SR-HDS in which an inhomogeneous intensity distribution is observed on an imager is lost by shifting the recording medium. As a result, when the recording medium is shifted until the output intensity distribution becomes uniform, a new datapage can be multiplexed. Fig. 6. Spatial phase shift that the reading beams feel when the recording medium is shifted. strength strictly depends on Δϕ. This means that the coupling property between two beams can be changed by shifting the recording medium along the grating wave vector of the hologram. Figure 6 shows the conceptual diagram of two-pixel interaction under a medium shift. The model depicts the case when the elemental hologram with the grating vector of K is shifted to the direction of d. Here, the magnitude of K and d is jkj 2π Λ and jdj, respectively, where Λ is the grating period of the elemental hologram. Because of the shift, the spatial phase shift that the reading beams feel is changed from Δϕ to Δϕ d K. As a result, the contrast is changed even if Δϕ equals π 2 as shown in Fig. 7. By using this feature, the shift multiplexing of the datapages can be realized. When there are N pixels (N >2) on the SLM plane, N C 2 elemental holograms are angularly multiplexed. Since the grating wave vectors of these elemental holograms are different from each other, the influences of the medium shift are also different. Therefore, the observed intensity distribution is the result of the superposition of these degraded energy interactions. When the number of pixels N is large and the recording medium is shifted, the observed intensity distribution tends to be uniform. In other words, the macroscopic energy interchanges between reading pixels are stopped by a number of superpositions of the degraded energy Contrast [arb. units] Shift distance along the x-axis [µm] Fig. 7. Relationship between Contrast and shift distance obtained by numerical simulation. It is assumed that the x axis is parallel to the grating vector of the recorded hologram. B. Numerical Simulations and Experiments In order to prove that the datapages can be multiplerecorded by shifting the recording medium, we performed numerical simulations and experiments. Figure 8 and Table 1 show the simulation models and the parameters, respectively. The photopolymer medium with the resolution of (d x, d y, d z ) and without scattering noise was assumed as the recording medium. Here the M# [13] of the recording medium was about 23.6 mm 1 thickness. The simulations are based on the fast Fourier transform beam propagation method which can calculate three-dimensional light propagation inside a medium with an inhomogeneous refractive index [14]. First, we evaluated how much shift distance is required for the shift multiplexing. We used binary signal patterns with the phase difference of π 2, whereas binary additional patterns have a phase difference of π and 16 times as many pixels as signal patterns [7]. Furthermore, to compare with collinear holography, we performed the simulation with the same conditions as SR-HDS. Then, the shift selectivity of SR-HDS should be evaluated from the viewpoint of the uniformity of the output intensity distribution, whereas that of collinear HDS is usually evaluated by the diffraction efficiency. For the evaluation of the shift selectivity of SR-HDS, the following value is used as the index of the uniformity: D ave I ON I OFF : (2) I ON and I OFF are the average intensity of ON (pixels with phase status of 0 in recording) and OFF (pixels with phase status of π 2 in recording), respectively. In this paper, D ave of 0.0 means that the macroscopic energy interchanges between reading pixels are stopped. Figure 9 plots the simulation results of the shift selectivity. We should note that the vertical axis is normalized diffraction efficiency for collinear HDS and normalized D ave for SR-HDS. The result shows that the energy transfers from pixel to pixel in SR- HDS are apparently stopped when the recording medium is shifted about 2.0 μm. In addition, it can be found that the required shift distance in SR- HDS is not much different from that in collinear HDS. If the shift pitch and the maximum number of multiplexings are the same, it means that the data density of SR-HDS will be about 2 times higher than 4378 APPLIED OPTICS / Vol. 53, No. 20 / 10 July 2014

5 Table 1. Parameters in the Numerical Simulations Wavelength λ (nm) Focal length f (mm) 9.0 Number of sig. pixels (N sx, N sy ) (64, 64) Number of add. pixels (N ax, N ay ) (256, 256) Width of sig. pixels (l sx, l sy )(μm) (90.0, 90.0) Width of add. pixel (l ax, l ay )(μm) (22.5, 22.5) Oversampling rate N 1 8 Zero padding ratio N 2 2 Phase status of signal pattern 0 or π 2 Phase status of additional pattern 0 or π Calc. area (M x, M y, L) (μm) (424.9, 424.9, 400.0) Calc. step (d x, d y, d z ) (nm) (415.0, 415.0, 202.2) Max.modulation depth Δn Sensitivity (cm 2 J) 40.0 Recording time (s) 0.4 Recording power (mw) 1.0 we used a binary signal pattern with the phase difference of π 2 and a binary additional pattern with the phase difference of π and with 16 times as many pixels as the signal pattern. Figure 11(a) shows the observed intensity distribution with the recording medium shift. The reason why the shift distance is set to 10 μm is because the readable resolution of the micrometer head used in the experiment is 10 μm. It is found that the output intensity distribution is degraded by shifting the recording medium. Furthermore, it indicates almost the same trend as the simulation shown in Fig. 11(b) in which the focal point is shifted along the z axis to avoid degradations of the quality. Both in the simulation and the experimental results, obviously, the observed intensity distribution becomes more uniform as the shift distance increases. Fig. 8. Simulation models. (a) Optical configuration. (b) Calculation meshes on SLM plane. (c) Calculation meshes in recording medium. Intensity distribution (d) on focal plane (x y) and (e) on cross-sectional plane (x z). that of collinear HDS because the reference region, which occupies about 50 percent of the SLM region, is not required in SR-HDS. We also performed the experiment to confirm that the output intensity distribution is changed under the medium shift. Figure 10 shows the experimental setup, and the laser source is a diode-pumped solid state laser with the wavelength of nm. The focal length of both the objective lenses, OBL1 and OBL2, is 9.0 mm, and high-resoluble photopolymer with a thickness of 400 μm is used as the recording medium [15]. The photopolymer medium is sandwiched by glass plates with thicknesses of 500 and 800 μm. As in the previous numerical simulation, Normalized value [arb. unit] 1.0 D ave for SR-HDS 0.8 Diffraction efficiency for collinear-hds Shift distance along the x-axis [µm] Fig. 9. Numerically evaluated shift selectivities of SR-HDS and collinear HDS. Fig. 10. Experimental setup. 10 July 2014 / Vol. 53, No. 20 / APPLIED OPTICS 4379

6 where V ON and V OFF are the intensity variance of ON and OFF pixels, respectively. The graph shows that the SNR of datapage 1 is reduced as the number of multiplexings, m, increases, as in other types of HDS such as collinear HDS. By using an exponential approximation, this curve can be approximated by the following equation: Fig. 11. Observed intensity distributions on imager plane by (a) numerical simulation and (b) experiment. Finally, we demonstrated the shift multiplexing of 25 datapages by the numerical simulation. In the simulation, the conditions are the same as those in the previous evaluations: an additional pattern with pixels is added to a signal patterns with pixels. The datapages are multiplexed by spirally shifting the recording medium as shown in Fig. 12. Here, the scheduling theory of the recording time is not applied in the recording process [16]. In addition, the shift distances along both the x and y axes, Δx and Δy, were set to 8.3 μm. Figure 13(a) shows the relationship between the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the first-recorded datapage and the number of multiplexings, m. Here, SNR is defined as SNR I ON I OFF V ON V OFF ; (3) Fig. 12. Recording layout. Fig. 13. Numerical simulation results of 25-multiplexed SR- HDS. (a) SNR of first datapage and the number of multiplexings. The dashed line is an exponentially approximated curve defined by Eq. (4). (b) Output intensity distribution when 1, 10, 20, and 25 hologram(s) are multiplexed. (c) SNR values of each multiplexed datapage APPLIED OPTICS / Vol. 53, No. 20 / 10 July 2014

7 SNR e m ; (4) as plotted in Fig. 13(a) (dashed line). Two reasons are cited as the possible causes for the SNR reduction. One is the interpage cross talk from the neighboring datapages. For example, at the appropriate position for reading datapage 1, if the intensity distribution of datapage 2 is not completely uniform, the nonuniform intensity distribution derived from datapage 2 is multiplied to the desired datapage 1 as noise. Another is the reduction of the diffraction efficiency at each elemental hologram. In general [13], the diffraction efficiency of a hologram is reduced by a factor of m 2. Therefore, the intensity difference between ON and OFF pixels, D ave, is reduced, and this results in the reduction of SNR. In the case of this simulation, it can be seen that the SNR values keep over 2.0, even when the number of multiplexings reaches 25. This shows the datapage can be successfully read from the multiple-recorded holograms, as shown in Figs. 13(b) and 13(c). This is the first verification that the datapages can be shift multiplexed in a local spot by SR-HDS, and it achieves the purpose of this paper: proving the feasibility of shift-multiplexed SR-HDS. For the practical use of SR-HDS, more datapages should be multiplexed with high SNR, that is, low error rate. The number of shift-multiplexed datapages will be able to increase by several approaches and by optimizing recording conditions such as numerical aperture of the lens, design of additional patterns, and recording scheduling techniques. In addition to the optical systems, clarifying and optimizing the relationship between the properties of the recording medium, such as scattering noise and resolution, and the SNR is one of the most important tasks in the future. 4. Conclusions The shift-multiplexing properties of SR-HDS have been evaluated. The results of numerical simulation and experiment show that the output intensity profile of the recorded page data becomes almost uniform by shifting the recording medium. Since the shift selectivity is almost the same as that of collinear holography, it is shown that the shift-multiplexing technique can be applied to the self-referential holography (SRH), and SR-HDS is expected to be a new way to realize HDS. In addition, by numerical simulation based on this consideration, more than 25-hologram multiplexing is now successfully performed with the necessary SNR for hologram readout. In the future, we hope to improve the SNR by designing the additional pattern and by optimizing the multiplexing parameters including recording time scheduling and recording medium. Consequently, we aim at realizing a high-density HDS system with over 1 TB disc. References 1. K. Curtis, L. Dhar, A. J. Hill, W. L. Wilson, and M. R. Ayres, Holographic Data Storage from Theory to Practical Systems (Wiley, 2010). 2. M. Hosaka, T. Ishii, A. Tanaka, S. Koga, and T. Hoshizawa, 1 Tbit/inch 2 recording in angular-multiplexing holographic memory with constant signal-to-scatter ratio schedule, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 52, 09LD01 (2013). 3. S. S. Orlov, W. Phillips, E. Bjornson, Y. Takashima, P. Sundaram, L. Hesselink, R. Okas, D. Kwan, and R. Snyder, High-transfer-rate high-capacity holographic disk datastorage system, Appl. Opt. 43, (2004). 4. P. J. van Heerden, Theory of optical information storage in solids, Appl. Opt. 2, (1963). 5. M. Takabayashi and A. Okamoto, Self-referential holography and its applications to data storage and phase-to-intensity conversion, Opt. Express 21, (2013). 6. M. Takabayashi, A. Okamoto, M. Bunsen, and T. Okamoto, Multi-level self-referential holographic data storage, in International Symposium on Optical Memory (ISOM 12), Technical Digest (2012), pp M. Takabayashi, A. Okamoto, and T. Okamoto, Improvement of signal-to-noise ratio in self-referential holographic data storage by using oversampled additional pattern, in International Workshop on Holography and Related Technologies (IWH 2013), Digests (2013), paper 15a H. Horimai, X. D. Tan, and J. Li, Collinear holography, Appl. Opt. 44, (2005). 9. K. Tanaka, M. Hara, K. Tokuyama, K. Hirooka, K. Ishioka, A. Fukumoto, and K. Watanabe, Improved performance in coaxial holographic data recording, Opt. Express 15, (2007). 10. C. C. Sun and Y. W. Yu, Optimized shift selectivity of collinear holographic storage system with lens-array reference, in International Workshop on Holography and Related Technologies (IWH 2013), Digests (2013), paper 15a T. Shimura, S. Ichimura, R. Fujimura, K. Kuroda, X. Tan, and H. Horimai, Analysis of a collinear holographic storage system: introduction of pixel spread function, Opt. Lett. 31, (2006). 12. H. Kogelnik, Coupled wave theory for thick hologram grating, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 48, (1969). 13. F. H. Mok, G. W. Burr, and D. Psaltis, System metric for holographic memory systems, Opt. Lett. 21, (1996). 14. J. Tanaka, A. Okamoto, and M. Kitano, Development of image-based simulation for holographic data storage system by fast Fourier transform beam-propagation method, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 48, 03A028 (2009). 15. C. Katahira, Mechanistic discussion of cationic crosslinking copolymerizations of 1,2-epoxycyclohexane with diepoxide crosslinkers accompanied by intramolecular and intermolecular chain transfer reactions, J. Polym. Sci. A 48, (2010). 16. A. Pu, K. Curtis, and D. Psaltis, Exposure schedule for multiplexing holograms in photopolymer films, Opt. Eng. 35, (1996). 10 July 2014 / Vol. 53, No. 20 / APPLIED OPTICS 4381

Title. Author(s)Takabayashi, Masanori; Okamoto, Atsushi. CitationOPTICS EXPRESS, 21(3): Issue Date Doc URL. Rights.

Title. Author(s)Takabayashi, Masanori; Okamoto, Atsushi. CitationOPTICS EXPRESS, 21(3): Issue Date Doc URL. Rights. Title Self-referential holography and its applications to Author(s)Takabayashi, Masanori; Okamoto, Atsushi CitationOPTICS EXPRESS, 21(3): 3669-3681 Issue Date 2013-02-11 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/52648

More information

Secondary grating formation by readout at Bragg-null incidence

Secondary grating formation by readout at Bragg-null incidence Secondary grating formation by readout at Bragg-null incidence Ali Adibi, Jose Mumbru, Kelvin Wagner, and Demetri Psaltis We show that when a dynamic hologram is read out by illumination at the Bragg nulls

More information

High spatial resolution measurement of volume holographic gratings

High spatial resolution measurement of volume holographic gratings High spatial resolution measurement of volume holographic gratings Gregory J. Steckman, Frank Havermeyer Ondax, Inc., 8 E. Duarte Rd., Monrovia, CA, USA 9116 ABSTRACT The conventional approach for measuring

More information

Shift Multiplex Recording of Four-Valued Phase Data Pages by Volume Retardagraphy

Shift Multiplex Recording of Four-Valued Phase Data Pages by Volume Retardagraphy Appl. Sci. 2014, 4, 158-170; doi:10.3390/app4020158 Article OPEN ACCESS applied sciences ISSN 2076-3417 www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci Shift Multiplex Recording of Four-Valued Phase Data Pages by Volume

More information

Defense Technical Information Center Compilation Part Notice

Defense Technical Information Center Compilation Part Notice UNCLASSIFIED Defense Technical Information Center Compilation Part Notice ADPO1 1853 TITLE: Effect of Grating Detuning on Volume Holographic Memory Using Photopolymer Storage Media: Reflection Holograms

More information

Shift-Peristrophic Multiplexing for High Density Holographic Data Storage

Shift-Peristrophic Multiplexing for High Density Holographic Data Storage Appl. Sci.,, 8-7; doi:.339/app8 OPEN ACCESS applied sciences ISSN 7-37 www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci Article Shift-Peristrophic Multiplexing for High Density Holographic Data Storage Zenta Ushiyama, Hiroyuki

More information

Studies on Holographic Multiplexing

Studies on Holographic Multiplexing 5 Studies on Holographic Multiplexing Angle and peristrophic multiplexing techniques were employed for recording multiple holographic transmission gratings in the same volume of silver doped MBPVA/AA photopolymer

More information

Development of Write-Once Multi-Layer Recording Media for Bit Recording Based on Blu-ray Disc System

Development of Write-Once Multi-Layer Recording Media for Bit Recording Based on Blu-ray Disc System Development of Write-Once Multi-Layer Recording Media for Bit Recording Based on Blu-ray Disc System Takashi KIKUKAWA, Motohiro INOUE, Atsuko KOSUDA and Tomoki USHIDA A review on the recent development

More information

Coupling of surface roughness to the performance of computer-generated holograms

Coupling of surface roughness to the performance of computer-generated holograms Coupling of surface roughness to the performance of computer-generated holograms Ping Zhou* and Jim Burge College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA *Corresponding author:

More information

Progress of the Development of High Performance Removable Storage at InPhase Technologies for Application to Archival Storage

Progress of the Development of High Performance Removable Storage at InPhase Technologies for Application to Archival Storage Progress of the Development of High Performance Removable Storage at InPhase Technologies for Application to Archival Storage William L. Wilson Ph.D, Chief Scientist, Founder InPhase Technologies Longmont,

More information

Recording multiple holographic gratings in silver-doped photopolymer using peristrophic multiplexing

Recording multiple holographic gratings in silver-doped photopolymer using peristrophic multiplexing PRAMANA c Indian Academy of Sciences Vol. 75, No. 6 journal of December 2010 physics pp. 1241 1247 Recording multiple holographic gratings in silver-doped photopolymer using peristrophic multiplexing V

More information

LED holographic imaging by spatial-domain diffraction computation of. textured models

LED holographic imaging by spatial-domain diffraction computation of. textured models LED holographic imaging by spatial-domain diffraction computation of textured models Ding-Chen Chen, Xiao-Ning Pang, Yi-Cong Ding, Yi-Gui Chen, and Jian-Wen Dong* School of Physics and Engineering, and

More information

Supplementary Figure 1: Schematic of the nanorod-scattered wave along the +z. direction.

Supplementary Figure 1: Schematic of the nanorod-scattered wave along the +z. direction. Supplementary Figure 1: Schematic of the nanorod-scattered wave along the +z direction. Supplementary Figure 2: The nanorod functions as a half-wave plate. The fast axis of the waveplate is parallel to

More information

Effect of Grating Detuning on Volume Holographic Memory using Photopolymer Storage Media : Reflection holograms

Effect of Grating Detuning on Volume Holographic Memory using Photopolymer Storage Media : Reflection holograms Effect of Grating Detuning on Volume Holographic Memory using Photopolymer Storage Media : Reflection holograms Mei-Li Hsieh, Ken Y. Hsu, and Pochi Yeh* Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering National

More information

Holographic Elements in Solar Concentrator and Collection Systems

Holographic Elements in Solar Concentrator and Collection Systems Holographic Elements in Solar Concentrator and Collection Systems Raymond K. Kostuk,2, Jose Castro, Brian Myer 2, Deming Zhang and Glenn Rosenberg 3 Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department University

More information

Tutorial Solutions. 10 Holographic Applications Holographic Zone-Plate

Tutorial Solutions. 10 Holographic Applications Holographic Zone-Plate 10 Holographic Applications 10.1 Holographic Zone-Plate Tutorial Solutions Show that if the intensity pattern for on on-axis holographic lens is recorded in lithographic film, then a one-plate results.

More information

Application of Photopolymer Holographic Gratings

Application of Photopolymer Holographic Gratings Dublin Institute of Technology ARROW@DIT Conference Papers Centre for Industrial and Engineering Optics 2004-2 Application of Photopolymer Holographic Gratings Emilia Mihaylova Dublin Institute of Technology,

More information

Computer-originated planar holographic optical elements

Computer-originated planar holographic optical elements Computer-originated planar holographic optical elements Silviu Reinhorn, Yaakov Amitai, and Albert A. Friesem We present novel, to our knowledge, methods for the analytical design and recording of planar

More information

Retardagraphy: A novel technique for optical recording of the. retardance pattern of an optical anisotropic object on a

Retardagraphy: A novel technique for optical recording of the. retardance pattern of an optical anisotropic object on a Retardagraphy: A novel technique for optical recording of the retardance pattern of an optical anisotropic object on a polarization-sensitive film using a single beam Daisuke Barada, 1,, Kiyonobu Tamura,

More information

Shading of a computer-generated hologram by zone plate modulation

Shading of a computer-generated hologram by zone plate modulation Shading of a computer-generated hologram by zone plate modulation Takayuki Kurihara * and Yasuhiro Takaki Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei,Tokyo

More information

Invited Paper. Nukui-Kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo, , Japan ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION

Invited Paper. Nukui-Kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo, , Japan ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION Invited Paper Wavefront printing technique with overlapping approach toward high definition holographic image reconstruction K. Wakunami* a, R. Oi a, T. Senoh a, H. Sasaki a, Y. Ichihashi a, K. Yamamoto

More information

Physics 1CL WAVE OPTICS: INTERFERENCE AND DIFFRACTION Fall 2009

Physics 1CL WAVE OPTICS: INTERFERENCE AND DIFFRACTION Fall 2009 Introduction An important property of waves is interference. You are familiar with some simple examples of interference of sound waves. This interference effect produces positions having large amplitude

More information

Digital correlation hologram implemented on optical correlator

Digital correlation hologram implemented on optical correlator Digital correlation hologram implemented on optical correlator David Abookasis and Joseph Rosen Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering P. O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva

More information

Effect of Grating Detuning on Holographic Data Storage

Effect of Grating Detuning on Holographic Data Storage Effect of Grating Detuning on Holographic Data Storage Shiuan Huei Lin and Ken Y. Hsua Department of Electro-Physics, ainstjte of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu,

More information

Angular multiplexed holographic memory system based on moving window on liquid crystal display and its crosstalk analysis

Angular multiplexed holographic memory system based on moving window on liquid crystal display and its crosstalk analysis Optical and Quantum Electronics 32: 419±430, 2000. Ó 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. 419 Angular multiplexed holographic memory system based on moving window on liquid crystal

More information

Limits of computational white-light holography

Limits of computational white-light holography Journal of Physics: Conference Series Limits of computational white-light holography To cite this article: Sebastian Mader et al 2013 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 415 012046 View the article online for updates

More information

Fourier, Fresnel and Image CGHs of three-dimensional objects observed from many different projections

Fourier, Fresnel and Image CGHs of three-dimensional objects observed from many different projections Fourier, Fresnel and Image CGHs of three-dimensional objects observed from many different projections David Abookasis and Joseph Rosen Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Department of Electrical and Computer

More information

Distortion Correction for Conical Multiplex Holography Using Direct Object-Image Relationship

Distortion Correction for Conical Multiplex Holography Using Direct Object-Image Relationship Proc. Natl. Sci. Counc. ROC(A) Vol. 25, No. 5, 2001. pp. 300-308 Distortion Correction for Conical Multiplex Holography Using Direct Object-Image Relationship YIH-SHYANG CHENG, RAY-CHENG CHANG, AND SHIH-YU

More information

Techniques of Noninvasive Optical Tomographic Imaging

Techniques of Noninvasive Optical Tomographic Imaging Techniques of Noninvasive Optical Tomographic Imaging Joseph Rosen*, David Abookasis and Mark Gokhler Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering P. O. Box 653,

More information

Chapter 8: Physical Optics

Chapter 8: Physical Optics Chapter 8: Physical Optics Whether light is a particle or a wave had puzzled physicists for centuries. In this chapter, we only analyze light as a wave using basic optical concepts such as interference

More information

Zero Order Correction of Shift-multiplexed Computer Generated Fourier Holograms Recorded in Incoherent Projection Scheme

Zero Order Correction of Shift-multiplexed Computer Generated Fourier Holograms Recorded in Incoherent Projection Scheme VII International Conference on Photonics and Information Optics Volume 2018 Conference Paper Zero Order Correction of Shift-multiplexed Computer Generated Fourier Holograms Recorded in Incoherent Projection

More information

PHYSICS. Chapter 33 Lecture FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS A STRATEGIC APPROACH 4/E RANDALL D. KNIGHT

PHYSICS. Chapter 33 Lecture FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS A STRATEGIC APPROACH 4/E RANDALL D. KNIGHT PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS A STRATEGIC APPROACH 4/E Chapter 33 Lecture RANDALL D. KNIGHT Chapter 33 Wave Optics IN THIS CHAPTER, you will learn about and apply the wave model of light. Slide

More information

Title. Author(s)Yamaguchi, Kazuhiro; Sakamoto, Yuji. CitationApplied Optics, 48(34): H203-H211. Issue Date Doc URL. Rights.

Title. Author(s)Yamaguchi, Kazuhiro; Sakamoto, Yuji. CitationApplied Optics, 48(34): H203-H211. Issue Date Doc URL. Rights. Title Computer generated hologram with characteristics of Author(s)Yamaguchi, Kazuhiro; Sakamoto, Yuji CitationApplied Optics, 48(34): H203-H211 Issue Date 2009-12-01 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/52148

More information

Chapter 24. Wave Optics. Wave Optics. The wave nature of light is needed to explain various phenomena

Chapter 24. Wave Optics. Wave Optics. The wave nature of light is needed to explain various phenomena Chapter 24 Wave Optics Wave Optics The wave nature of light is needed to explain various phenomena Interference Diffraction Polarization The particle nature of light was the basis for ray (geometric) optics

More information

The location of the bright fringes can be found using the following equation.

The location of the bright fringes can be found using the following equation. What You Need to Know: In the past two labs we ve been thinking of light as a particle that reflects off of a surface or refracts into a medium. Now we are going to talk about light as a wave. If you take

More information

Chapter 2: Wave Optics

Chapter 2: Wave Optics Chapter : Wave Optics P-1. We can write a plane wave with the z axis taken in the direction of the wave vector k as u(,) r t Acos tkzarg( A) As c /, T 1/ and k / we can rewrite the plane wave as t z u(,)

More information

HOLOGRAPHIC FEMTOSECOND LASER PROCESSING AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL RECORDING IN BIOLOGICAL TISSUES

HOLOGRAPHIC FEMTOSECOND LASER PROCESSING AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL RECORDING IN BIOLOGICAL TISSUES Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 2, 115 123, 2008 HOLOGRAPHIC FEMTOSECOND LASER PROCESSING AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL RECORDING IN BIOLOGICAL TISSUES Y. Hayasaki Department of Optical Science

More information

Metallic Transmission Screen for Sub-wavelength Focusing

Metallic Transmission Screen for Sub-wavelength Focusing Metallic Transmission Screen for Sub-wavelength Focusing A.M.H. Wong, C.D. Sarris and G.V. leftheriades Abstract: A simple metallic transmission screen is proposed that is capable of focusing an incident

More information

Physical & Electromagnetic Optics: Diffraction Gratings

Physical & Electromagnetic Optics: Diffraction Gratings 31/05/2018 Physical & Electromagnetic Optics: Diffraction Gratings Optical Engineering Prof. Elias N. Glytsis School of Electrical & Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Multiple

More information

Holographic digital data storage using phasemodulated

Holographic digital data storage using phasemodulated Holographic digital data storage using phasemodulated pixels Renu John, Joby Joseph, Kehar Singh* Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110 016, India

More information

Synthesis of a multiple-peak spatial degree of coherence for imaging through absorbing media

Synthesis of a multiple-peak spatial degree of coherence for imaging through absorbing media Synthesis of a multiple-peak spatial degree of coherence for imaging through absorbing media Mark Gokhler and Joseph Rosen The synthesis of a multiple-peak spatial degree of coherence is demonstrated.

More information

Holography. How is that different than photography? How is it accomplished? Amplitude & Phase

Holography. How is that different than photography? How is it accomplished? Amplitude & Phase Holography 1948: Dennis Gabor proposes lensless imaging: wavefront reconstruction. Calls it total recording or Holo gram Concept: record and recreate wavefront incident on film. Amplitude & Phase How is

More information

Mode-Field Diameter and Spot Size Measurements of Lensed and Tapered Specialty Fibers

Mode-Field Diameter and Spot Size Measurements of Lensed and Tapered Specialty Fibers Mode-Field Diameter and Spot Size Measurements of Lensed and Tapered Specialty Fibers By Jeffrey L. Guttman, Ph.D., Director of Engineering, Ophir-Spiricon Abstract: The Mode-Field Diameter (MFD) and spot

More information

Binary computer-generated holograms (CGHs) are becoming essential components in optical signal processing schemes. Apart from their use as

Binary computer-generated holograms (CGHs) are becoming essential components in optical signal processing schemes. Apart from their use as High space bandwidth product computer-generated holograms using volume holography Joseph Rosen Optical Signal Processing Branch, Rome Laboratory, Hanscom Airforce Base, MA 01731, E-Mail: ROSEN@PL9000.PLH.AF.MIL,

More information

Aberrations in Holography

Aberrations in Holography Aberrations in Holography D Padiyar, J Padiyar 1070 Commerce St suite A, San Marcos, CA 92078 dinesh@triple-take.com joy@triple-take.com Abstract. The Seidel aberrations are described as they apply to

More information

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION doi:10.1038/nature10934 Supplementary Methods Mathematical implementation of the EST method. The EST method begins with padding each projection with zeros (that is, embedding

More information

Fresnel and Fourier digital holography architectures: a comparison.

Fresnel and Fourier digital holography architectures: a comparison. Fresnel and Fourier digital holography architectures: a comparison. Damien P., David S. Monaghan, Nitesh Pandey, Bryan M. Hennelly. Department of Computer Science, National University of Ireland, Maynooth,

More information

Chapter 37. Wave Optics

Chapter 37. Wave Optics Chapter 37 Wave Optics Wave Optics Wave optics is a study concerned with phenomena that cannot be adequately explained by geometric (ray) optics. Sometimes called physical optics These phenomena include:

More information

UNIT VI OPTICS ALL THE POSSIBLE FORMULAE

UNIT VI OPTICS ALL THE POSSIBLE FORMULAE 58 UNIT VI OPTICS ALL THE POSSIBLE FORMULAE Relation between focal length and radius of curvature of a mirror/lens, f = R/2 Mirror formula: Magnification produced by a mirror: m = - = - Snell s law: 1

More information

arxiv: v1 [physics.optics] 1 Aug 2013

arxiv: v1 [physics.optics] 1 Aug 2013 arxiv:1308.0376v1 [physics.optics] 1 Aug 2013 Calculation reduction method for color computer-generated hologram using color space conversion Tomoyoshi Shimobaba 1, Takashi Kakue 1, Minoru Oikawa 1, Naoki

More information

An Intuitive Explanation of Fourier Theory

An Intuitive Explanation of Fourier Theory An Intuitive Explanation of Fourier Theory Steven Lehar slehar@cns.bu.edu Fourier theory is pretty complicated mathematically. But there are some beautifully simple holistic concepts behind Fourier theory

More information

Interference and Diffraction of Light

Interference and Diffraction of Light Name Date Time to Complete h m Partner Course/ Section / Grade Interference and Diffraction of Light Reflection by mirrors and refraction by prisms and lenses can be analyzed using the simple ray model

More information

Chapter 24. Wave Optics. Wave Optics. The wave nature of light is needed to explain various phenomena

Chapter 24. Wave Optics. Wave Optics. The wave nature of light is needed to explain various phenomena Chapter 24 Wave Optics Wave Optics The wave nature of light is needed to explain various phenomena Interference Diffraction Polarization The particle nature of light was the basis for ray (geometric) optics

More information

s70 Prototype of a Handheld Displacement Measurement System Using Multiple Imaging Sensors

s70 Prototype of a Handheld Displacement Measurement System Using Multiple Imaging Sensors Journal of JSEM, Vol.15, Special Issue (2015) s70-s74 Copyright C 2015 JSEM Prototype of a Handheld Displacement Measurement System Using Multiple Imaging Sensors Motoharu FUJIGAKI 1, Hiroki MIAMIO 2,

More information

HOLOEYE Photonics. HOLOEYE Photonics AG. HOLOEYE Corporation

HOLOEYE Photonics. HOLOEYE Photonics AG. HOLOEYE Corporation HOLOEYE Photonics Products and services in the field of diffractive micro-optics Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) for the industrial research R&D in the field of diffractive optics Micro-display technologies

More information

A SUPER-RESOLUTION MICROSCOPY WITH STANDING EVANESCENT LIGHT AND IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION METHOD

A SUPER-RESOLUTION MICROSCOPY WITH STANDING EVANESCENT LIGHT AND IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION METHOD A SUPER-RESOLUTION MICROSCOPY WITH STANDING EVANESCENT LIGHT AND IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION METHOD Hiroaki Nishioka, Satoru Takahashi Kiyoshi Takamasu Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo,

More information

Draft SPOTS Standard Part III (7)

Draft SPOTS Standard Part III (7) SPOTS Good Practice Guide to Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry for Displacement / Strain Analysis Draft SPOTS Standard Part III (7) CALIBRATION AND ASSESSMENT OF OPTICAL STRAIN MEASUREMENTS Good

More information

Ray Optics I. Last time, finished EM theory Looked at complex boundary problems TIR: Snell s law complex Metal mirrors: index complex

Ray Optics I. Last time, finished EM theory Looked at complex boundary problems TIR: Snell s law complex Metal mirrors: index complex Phys 531 Lecture 8 20 September 2005 Ray Optics I Last time, finished EM theory Looked at complex boundary problems TIR: Snell s law complex Metal mirrors: index complex Today shift gears, start applying

More information

Unit 5.C Physical Optics Essential Fundamentals of Physical Optics

Unit 5.C Physical Optics Essential Fundamentals of Physical Optics Unit 5.C Physical Optics Essential Fundamentals of Physical Optics Early Booklet E.C.: + 1 Unit 5.C Hwk. Pts.: / 25 Unit 5.C Lab Pts.: / 20 Late, Incomplete, No Work, No Units Fees? Y / N 1. Light reflects

More information

Chapter 37. Interference of Light Waves

Chapter 37. Interference of Light Waves Chapter 37 Interference of Light Waves Wave Optics Wave optics is a study concerned with phenomena that cannot be adequately explained by geometric (ray) optics These phenomena include: Interference Diffraction

More information

Chapter 35 &36 Physical Optics

Chapter 35 &36 Physical Optics Chapter 35 &36 Physical Optics Physical Optics Phase Difference & Coherence Thin Film Interference 2-Slit Interference Single Slit Interference Diffraction Patterns Diffraction Grating Diffraction & Resolution

More information

Holographic Method for Extracting Three-Dimensional Information with a CCD Camera. Synopsis

Holographic Method for Extracting Three-Dimensional Information with a CCD Camera. Synopsis Mem. Fac. Eng., Osaka City Univ., Vol. 36,pp. 1-11.(1995) Holographic Method for Extracting Three-Dimensional Information with a CCD Camera by Hideki OKAMOTO*, Hiroaki DEDA*, Hideya TAKAHASHI**, and Eiji

More information

Module 18: Diffraction-I Lecture 18: Diffraction-I

Module 18: Diffraction-I Lecture 18: Diffraction-I Module 18: iffraction-i Lecture 18: iffraction-i Our discussion of interference in the previous chapter considered the superposition of two waves. The discussion can be generalized to a situation where

More information

COHERENCE AND INTERFERENCE

COHERENCE AND INTERFERENCE COHERENCE AND INTERFERENCE - An interference experiment makes use of coherent waves. The phase shift (Δφ tot ) between the two coherent waves that interfere at any point of screen (where one observes the

More information

Photopolymer Diffractive Optical Elements in Electronic Speckle Pattern Shearing Interferometry

Photopolymer Diffractive Optical Elements in Electronic Speckle Pattern Shearing Interferometry Dublin Institute of Technology ARROW@DIT Articles Centre for Industrial and Engineering Optics 2006-01-01 Photopolymer Diffractive Optical Elements in Electronic Speckle Pattern Shearing Interferometry

More information

Crosstalk behavior of cores in multi-core fiber under bent condition

Crosstalk behavior of cores in multi-core fiber under bent condition Crosstalk behavior of cores in multi-core fiber under bent condition Shoichiro Matsuo 1a), Katsuhiro Takenaga 1, Yoko Arakawa 1, Yusuke Sasaki 1, Shoji Tanigawa 1, Kunimasa Saitoh 2, and Masanori Koshiba

More information

Null test for a highly paraboloidal mirror

Null test for a highly paraboloidal mirror Null test for a highly paraboloidal mirror Taehee Kim, James H. Burge, Yunwoo Lee, and Sungsik Kim A circular null computer-generated hologram CGH was used to test a highly paraboloidal mirror diameter,

More information

E x Direction of Propagation. y B y

E x Direction of Propagation. y B y x E x Direction of Propagation k z z y B y An electromagnetic wave is a travelling wave which has time varying electric and magnetic fields which are perpendicular to each other and the direction of propagation,

More information

Calculation method for computer-generated holograms with cylindrical basic object light by using a graphics processing unit

Calculation method for computer-generated holograms with cylindrical basic object light by using a graphics processing unit Title Calculation method for computer-generated holograms unit Author(s)Sakata, Hironobu Hosoyachi, Kouhei Yang, Chan-Youn CitationApplied Optics, 5(34): H36-H314 Issue Date 211-12-1 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/52142

More information

To see how a sharp edge or an aperture affect light. To analyze single-slit diffraction and calculate the intensity of the light

To see how a sharp edge or an aperture affect light. To analyze single-slit diffraction and calculate the intensity of the light Diffraction Goals for lecture To see how a sharp edge or an aperture affect light To analyze single-slit diffraction and calculate the intensity of the light To investigate the effect on light of many

More information

Overview of techniques applicable to self-interference incoherent digital holography

Overview of techniques applicable to self-interference incoherent digital holography J. Europ. Opt. Soc. Rap. Public. 8, 13077 (2013) www.jeos.org Overview of techniques applicable to self-interference incoherent digital holography J. Hong jisoohong@mail.usf.edu Department of Physics,

More information

NEW OPTICAL MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE FOR SI WAFER SURFACE DEFECTS USING ANNULAR ILLUMINATION WITH CROSSED NICOLS

NEW OPTICAL MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE FOR SI WAFER SURFACE DEFECTS USING ANNULAR ILLUMINATION WITH CROSSED NICOLS NEW OPTICAL MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE FOR SI WAFER SURFACE DEFECTS USING ANNULAR ILLUMINATION WITH CROSSED NICOLS Satoru Takahashi 1, Takashi Miyoshi 1, Yasuhiro Takaya 1, and Takahiro Abe 2 1 Department of

More information

UNIT 102-9: INTERFERENCE AND DIFFRACTION

UNIT 102-9: INTERFERENCE AND DIFFRACTION Name St.No. - Date(YY/MM/DD) / / Section Group # UNIT 102-9: INTERFERENCE AND DIFFRACTION Patterns created by interference of light in a thin film. OBJECTIVES 1. Understand the creation of double-slit

More information

Lab 12 - Interference-Diffraction of Light Waves

Lab 12 - Interference-Diffraction of Light Waves Lab 12 - Interference-Diffraction of Light Waves Equipment and Safety: No special safety equipment is required for this lab. Do not look directly into the laser. Do not point the laser at other people.

More information

Physics 309 Lab 3. where the small angle approximation has been used. This pattern has maxima at. Y Max. n L /d (2)

Physics 309 Lab 3. where the small angle approximation has been used. This pattern has maxima at. Y Max. n L /d (2) Physics 309 Lab 3 Introduction This will be a lab whose purpose is to give you some hands-on experience with optical interference and diffraction, using small green diode lasers as the light sources. Each

More information

High-resolution 3D profilometry with binary phase-shifting methods

High-resolution 3D profilometry with binary phase-shifting methods High-resolution 3D profilometry with binary phase-shifting methods Song Zhang Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 511, USA (song@iastate.edu) Received 11 November 21;

More information

SIMULATION AND VISUALIZATION IN THE EDUCATION OF COHERENT OPTICS

SIMULATION AND VISUALIZATION IN THE EDUCATION OF COHERENT OPTICS SIMULATION AND VISUALIZATION IN THE EDUCATION OF COHERENT OPTICS J. KORNIS, P. PACHER Department of Physics Technical University of Budapest H-1111 Budafoki út 8., Hungary e-mail: kornis@phy.bme.hu, pacher@phy.bme.hu

More information

Comparison of Beam Shapes and Transmission Powers of Two Prism Ducts

Comparison of Beam Shapes and Transmission Powers of Two Prism Ducts Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 4(10): 4922-4929, 2010 ISSN 1991-8178 Comparison of Beam Shapes and Transmission Powers of Two Prism Ducts 1 Z. Emami, 2 H. Golnabi 1 Plasma physics Research

More information

f. (5.3.1) So, the higher frequency means the lower wavelength. Visible part of light spectrum covers the range of wavelengths from

f. (5.3.1) So, the higher frequency means the lower wavelength. Visible part of light spectrum covers the range of wavelengths from Lecture 5-3 Interference and Diffraction of EM Waves During our previous lectures we have been talking about electromagnetic (EM) waves. As we know, harmonic waves of any type represent periodic process

More information

Chapter 38. Diffraction Patterns and Polarization

Chapter 38. Diffraction Patterns and Polarization Chapter 38 Diffraction Patterns and Polarization Diffraction Light of wavelength comparable to or larger than the width of a slit spreads out in all forward directions upon passing through the slit This

More information

Modifications of detour phase computer-generated holograms

Modifications of detour phase computer-generated holograms Modifications of detour phase computer-generated holograms Uriel Levy, Emanuel Marom, and David Mendlovic The detour phase method for the design of computer-generated holograms can be modified to achieve

More information

To determine the wavelength of laser light using single slit diffraction

To determine the wavelength of laser light using single slit diffraction 9 To determine the wavelength of laser light using single slit diffraction pattern 91 Apparatus: Helium-Neon laser or diode laser, a single slit with adjustable aperture width, optical detector and power

More information

Advanced modelling of gratings in VirtualLab software. Site Zhang, development engineer Lignt Trans

Advanced modelling of gratings in VirtualLab software. Site Zhang, development engineer Lignt Trans Advanced modelling of gratings in VirtualLab software Site Zhang, development engineer Lignt Trans 1 2 3 4 Content Grating Order Analyzer Rigorous Simulation of Holographic Generated Volume Grating Coupled

More information

Experiment 8 Wave Optics

Experiment 8 Wave Optics Physics 263 Experiment 8 Wave Optics In this laboratory, we will perform two experiments on wave optics. 1 Double Slit Interference In two-slit interference, light falls on an opaque screen with two closely

More information

Hyperspectral interferometry for single-shot absolute measurement of 3-D shape and displacement fields

Hyperspectral interferometry for single-shot absolute measurement of 3-D shape and displacement fields EPJ Web of Conferences 6, 6 10007 (2010) DOI:10.1051/epjconf/20100610007 Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2010 Hyperspectral interferometry for single-shot absolute measurement of 3-D shape

More information

Multiple optical traps from a single laser beam using a mechanical element

Multiple optical traps from a single laser beam using a mechanical element Multiple optical traps from a single laser beam using a mechanical element J.A. Dharmadhikari, A.K. Dharmadhikari, and D. Mathur * Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400

More information

Polarizing properties of embedded symmetric trilayer stacks under conditions of frustrated total internal reflection

Polarizing properties of embedded symmetric trilayer stacks under conditions of frustrated total internal reflection University of New Orleans ScholarWorks@UNO Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications Department of Electrical Engineering 3-1-2006 Polarizing properties of embedded symmetric trilayer stacks under conditions

More information

arxiv: v1 [physics.optics] 1 Mar 2015

arxiv: v1 [physics.optics] 1 Mar 2015 Random phase-free kinoform for large objects arxiv:1503.00365v1 [physics.optics] 1 Mar 2015 Tomoyoshi Shimobaba, 1 Takashi Kakue, 1 Yutaka Endo, 1 Ryuji Hirayama, 1 Daisuke Hiyama, 1 Satoki Hasegawa, 1

More information

Conversion of evanescent waves into propagating waves by vibrating knife edge

Conversion of evanescent waves into propagating waves by vibrating knife edge 1 Conversion of evanescent waves into propagating waves by vibrating knife edge S. Samson, A. Korpel and H.S. Snyder Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 44 Engineering Bldg., The University

More information

Formulas of possible interest

Formulas of possible interest Name: PHYS 3410/6750: Modern Optics Final Exam Thursday 15 December 2011 Prof. Bolton No books, calculators, notes, etc. Formulas of possible interest I = ɛ 0 c E 2 T = 1 2 ɛ 0cE 2 0 E γ = hν γ n = c/v

More information

Enhanced two-frequency phase-shifting method

Enhanced two-frequency phase-shifting method Research Article Vol. 55, No. 16 / June 1 016 / Applied Optics 4395 Enhanced two-frequency phase-shifting method JAE-SANG HYUN AND SONG ZHANG* School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West

More information

specular diffuse reflection.

specular diffuse reflection. Lesson 8 Light and Optics The Nature of Light Properties of Light: Reflection Refraction Interference Diffraction Polarization Dispersion and Prisms Total Internal Reflection Huygens s Principle The Nature

More information

White-light interference microscopy: minimization of spurious diffraction effects by geometric phase-shifting

White-light interference microscopy: minimization of spurious diffraction effects by geometric phase-shifting White-light interference microscopy: minimization of spurious diffraction effects by geometric phase-shifting Maitreyee Roy 1, *, Joanna Schmit 2 and Parameswaran Hariharan 1 1 School of Physics, University

More information

Digital holographic display with two-dimensional and threedimensional convertible feature by high speed switchable diffuser

Digital holographic display with two-dimensional and threedimensional convertible feature by high speed switchable diffuser https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2017.5.sd&a-366 2017, Society for Imaging Science and Technology Digital holographic display with two-dimensional and threedimensional convertible feature by high

More information

Supplemental information. Appendix to Wavelength-scale light concentrator made by direct 3D laser writing of polymer metamaterials

Supplemental information. Appendix to Wavelength-scale light concentrator made by direct 3D laser writing of polymer metamaterials Supplemental information Appendix to Wavelength-scale light concentrator made by direct 3D laser writing of polymer metamaterials J. Moughames 1,2, S. Jradi 1, T.M. Chan 3, S. Akil 4, Y. Battie 4, A. En

More information

JoshuaE. Rothenberg. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-493 P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551

JoshuaE. Rothenberg. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-493 P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551 UCRL-JC-122668 PREPRINT Smoothing by Spectral Dispersion using Random Phase Modulation for Inertial Confinement Fusion JoshuaE. Rothenberg Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-493 P.O. Box 808, Livermore,

More information

Fast Response Fresnel Liquid Crystal Lens for 2D/3D Autostereoscopic Display

Fast Response Fresnel Liquid Crystal Lens for 2D/3D Autostereoscopic Display Invited Paper Fast Response Fresnel Liquid Crystal Lens for 2D/3D Autostereoscopic Display Yi-Pai Huang* b, Chih-Wei Chen a, Yi-Ching Huang a a Department of Photonics & Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering,

More information

Lab Report: Optical Image Processing

Lab Report: Optical Image Processing Lab Report: Optical Image Processing Kevin P. Chen * Advanced Labs for Special Topics in Photonics (ECE 1640H) University of Toronto March 5, 1999 Abstract This report describes the experimental principle,

More information

Introduction. Part I: Measuring the Wavelength of Light. Experiment 8: Wave Optics. Physics 11B

Introduction. Part I: Measuring the Wavelength of Light. Experiment 8: Wave Optics. Physics 11B Physics 11B Experiment 8: Wave Optics Introduction Equipment: In Part I you use a machinist rule, a laser, and a lab clamp on a stand to hold the laser at a grazing angle to the bench top. In Part II you

More information

Two pixel computer generated hologram using a zero twist nematic liquid crystal spatial light modulator

Two pixel computer generated hologram using a zero twist nematic liquid crystal spatial light modulator Two pixel computer generated hologram using a zero twist nematic liquid crystal spatial light modulator Philip M. Birch, Rupert Young, David Budgett, Chris Chatwin School of Engineering, University of

More information