Technologies of Digital Holographic Display

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1 Technologies of Digital Holographic Display Joonku Hahn Kyungpook National University

2 Outline: 1. Classification of digital holographic display 2. Data capacity, View volume and Resolution 3. Holographic stereogram vs. Stereoscopic hologram 4. Prospective applications 5. Summary 1

3 1. Classification of digital holographic display Holo Graphy 2

4 1. Classification of digital holographic display Spatial light modulator Type of SLM Modulation Number of SLMs Multiplexing Temporal multiplexing Spatial multiplexing Application Public display Personal display Miscellaneous ways Data capacity, Color, Screen size, Field of view, Parallax, Real-time, 3

5 1. Classification of digital holographic display Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) Types of SLM Liquid crystal display (LCD) modulator Digital micro-mirror device (DMD) modulator Liquid crystal on Silicon (LCoS) modulator Acousto-optic modulator (AOM) 4

6 1. Classification of digital holographic display Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) Modulations Full-complex modulation Amplitude-only modulation Im i Im i Re -1 1 Re i -i Phase-only modulation Typical characteristic of liquid crystal device Im i Im i Re i Re i 5

7 1. Classification of digital holographic display Multiplexing Temporal multiplexing Parallax: Horizontal parallax-only Data capacity: 294.9Mb Screen size: mm 2 Field of view: 55 (estimated) Device : 18-channel AOM Parallax: Horizontal parallax-only Data capacity: 146Mb Screen size: mm 2 Field of view 14.6 Device : 1 DMD T.-C. Poon, J. of info. Display 3, 12 (2002). Y. Takaki and N. Okada, Appl. Opt 48, 3255 (2009). 6

8 1. Classification of digital holographic display Multiplexing Temporal multiplexing Our scanning holographic display system DMD with a beamsplitter cylindrical lenses galvanometer collimation lens spatial filter laser screen 7

1. Classification of digital holographic display Multiplexing Spatial multiplexing Parallax: Horizontal

8 Device: 12 TNLC SLM Parallax: Full parallax Data capacity: 149.

5Mb Screen size: 49.9 49.9 mm 2 Field of view:9.95 Device: 6 LCoS SLM J. Hahn, H. Kim, Y. Lim, G. Park, and B.

9 1. Classification of digital holographic display Multiplexing Spatial multiplexing Parallax: Horizontal parallax-only Data capacity: 75.5Mb Screen size: mm 2 Field of view:22.8 Device: 12 TNLC SLM Parallax: Full parallax Data capacity: 149.3Mb Screen size: mm 2 Field of view:24 Device: 9 LCoS SLM Parallax: Full parallax Data capacity: 99.5Mb Screen size: mm 2 Field of view:9.95 Device: 6 LCoS SLM J. Hahn, H. Kim, Y. Lim, G. Park, and B. Lee, Opt. Express 16, (2008). F. Yaraş, H. Kang, and L. Onural, Opt. Express 19, 9147 (2011). T. Kozacki, M. Kujawińska, G. Finke, W. Zaperty, and B. Hennelly, J. Display Technol. 8, 225 (2012). 8

10 1. Classification of digital holographic display Multiplexing Spatial multiplexing 2D array of SLMs Array of transfer lenses Surface where apertures are synthesized 9

11 1. Classification of digital holographic display Multiplexing Spatial multiplexing Laser Collimator SLM Fourier lens Field lens Our scalable holographic display system under the co-work with Prof. Hwi Kim s lab in Korea University 10

Full parallax Data capacity: 100Mb Screen size: 140 70 mm 2 Field of view: 5.

12 1. Classification of digital holographic display Multiplexing Spatiotemporal multiplexing Replication optics and shutters Electrically addressed SLM Optically addressed SLM Parallax: Full parallax Data capacity: 100Mb Screen size: mm 2 Field of view: 5.3 Device : 4channels (1 EASLM-25 OASLMs) C. Slinger, C. Cameron, and M. Stanley, IEEE Computer 38, 46 (2005). 11

$Spherical phase resulting from d Amplitude contour by sinc function f Pixels of SLM W v W u u +1 order diffraction on v-axis Central$

13 2. Data capacity, View volume and Resolution Meaning of Data Capacity in 3D display Holographic 3D display u v u v 2 2 D a ta c a p a c ity A r e a o f s c r e e n F ie ld o f v ie w w a v e le n g th C o lo r d e p th Space-Bandwidth Product N M W W 2 p a p p a p v Spherical phase resulting from d Amplitude contour by sinc function f Pixels of SLM W v W u u +1 order diffraction on v-axis Central direction of local viewing angle, c c M p u d Transfer lens N p f 0 order diffraction v Local viewing angle Focal plane -1 order diffraction on v-axis 12

14 2. Data capacity, View volume and Resolution Spatial Coherence and Expressible Depth Hologram plane 2 l c W eye 2a W d iff W c Observer If z > 0, z z 0 z0 z z z c a z 0 ca Spot size which can be generated from hologram with size 2a W W W z d iff c a 2 lc Resolution limit of human eye W c z z eye 0 z l c a 2 ca l c Relation between spatial coherence and expressible depth W W W d iff c e y e ca0.4 z l ca z c l 0 c 22 z a 2 ca l a 2 ca l c c 13

15 2. Data capacity, View volume and Resolution Number of longitudinal resolvable points N 0 1 d l a l l 2 2 l a a c o s 2 c o s l a 2 dl a 2 l 2 a 2 l 1 dl 0 2 a 2 l 1 a 2 2 s in 2 a c o s 2 d Optical path length difference l a l l a l Paraxial Approximation l 2 2 l a l a N a 2 1 s in d 0 2 c o s a

16 3. Holographic stereogram vs. Stereoscopic hologram Holographic Stereogram Stereoscopic Hologram - Synthetic Aperture - Viewing Window Division of Angular Spectrum in Spatial Frequency Domain Concentration of Information on Specified Position in Real Domain 15

Halle, The Generalized Holographic Stereogram, Master Thesis, Massachusetts

17 3. Holographic stereogram vs. Stereoscopic hologram Holographic Stereogram M. W. Halle, The Generalized Holographic Stereogram, Master Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1991)

18 3. Holographic stereogram vs. Stereoscopic hologram Division of the Wigner distribution function The area in the Wigner distribution function is equal to the space-bandwidth product. v v v x x x After a Fresnel transform After a Fourier transform v v v x x x Synthesis at object plane Synthesis at Fourier plane Synthesis at Fresnel plane 17

19 3. Holographic stereogram vs. Stereoscopic hologram Stereographic Hologram Achievable screen size according to space-bandwidth product of SLM View volume defined by 8K-resolution hologram 40inch 20inch 10inch View volume defined by 4K-resolution hologram View volume defined by 2K-resolution hologram T ra n s v e rs e re s o lu tio n a t s c re e n 1.8m p 0.1 1m m W id th o f v ie w in g w in d o w a t p u p il o f e ye w 1.8 m p 8.2 m 0.5 m VW 18

20 3. Holographic stereogram vs. Stereoscopic hologram The Wigner distribution in Stereographic holographic display v v x x At the screen At the viewing window 19

capacity: 125.8Mb Screen size: D=508 mm Field of view: 0.18 (estimation) Device: LCD SLM Parallax: Full parallax Data capacity: 49.

21 3. Holographic stereogram vs. Stereoscopic hologram SeeReal holographic display VISIO20 system Projection-type holographic display Parallax: Vertical parallax-only Data capacity: 125.8Mb Screen size: D=508 mm Field of view: 0.18 (estimation) Device: LCD SLM Parallax: Full parallax Data capacity: 49.8Mb Screen size: D=203 mm Field of view: 0.4 (estimation) Device: 3 LCoS SLMs R. Haussler, A. Schwerdtner, and N. Leister, Proc. SPIE 6803, 68030M (2008). N. Leister, A. Schwerdtner, G. Füutterer, S. Buschbeck, J.-C. Olaya, S, Flon, Proc. SPIE 6911, 69110V (2008). 20

22 3. Holographic stereogram vs. Stereoscopic hologram Design of stereoscopic holographic display Display with a large-aperture SLM Large-aperture SLM Viewing window Light source Viewing window Hologram plane Basic geometry of stereoscopic holographic display Projection-type display Hologram plane Light source Small-aperture SLM Projection optics with a pair of parabolic mirrors Hologram plane Viewing window 21

modulator 20 Spatial light modulator Computer

generated under the situation that K and U are

23 3. Holographic stereogram vs. Stereoscopic hologram Large-scale spatial light modulator 20 Spatial light modulator Computer Generated Hologram Camera Lens This hologram is generated under the situation that K and U are positioned at 0mm and N is positioned at1323.5mm in front of the screen. Laser module Position of Viewing window CCD d=642.8mm d=1125mm d=1323.5mm l=1800mm 22

24 3. Holographic stereogram vs. Stereoscopic hologram Target application Functions 23

25 3. Holographic stereogram vs. Stereoscopic hologram Position of output Lens design 1st group 2nd group Light Source Viewing Window Position of input Transformation Inverse transformation z out z in z in z out x o u t z in x in x in z out x o u t y o u t z in y in y in z out y o u t 24

26 3. Holographic stereogram vs. Stereoscopic hologram Assembly of lenses 25

27 3. Holographic stereogram vs. Stereoscopic hologram 1585mm System layout Dimensions Input integrated optics Motorized stages with light sources array Spatial light modulators Control boards Large-format beamsplitter 913mm 630mm 2942mm 26

28 3. Holographic stereogram vs. Stereoscopic hologram Projection-type holographic display Filter Epson L3C07U-8x Screen size: 0.61 diagonal Pixel number: 1920x1080 Pixel pitch: 7.0mircometers Amplitude modulation 27

29 3. Holographic stereogram vs. Stereoscopic hologram Optical Reconstruction 28

30 3. Holographic stereogram vs. Stereoscopic hologram Target application 29

31 3. Holographic stereogram vs. Stereoscopic hologram System layout Design of projection optics Projection mirrors Manual stage Light engines 30

32 3. Holographic stereogram vs. Stereoscopic hologram 660mm 610mm Light engine Dimensions BS Mirrors Filter 1,335mm SLMs Lasers Mechanical stage FT lens SLM Controller 1,473mm 31

4. Prospective applications Broadcasting of

Technology 1 all proc. at capture 2 all proc.

Michael Bove, Real-time holographic video images

Kozacki, Holographic television: status and

33 4. Prospective applications Broadcasting of holographic contents Warsaw University of Technology 1 all proc. at capture 2 all proc. at display 3 some processing at both sides V. Michael Bove, Real-time holographic video images with commodity PC hardware M. Kujawińska, T. Kozacki, Holographic television: status and future in Optical Imaging and Metrology : Advanced Technologies (Wiley, 2012). 32

Omission of eye-tracking function Issue: Compact system Our head-mounted

34 4. Prospective applications Head-mounted holographic display Category: Stereoscopic hologram/ Spatial multiplexing/ Full-parallax Advantage: Omission of eye-tracking function Issue: Compact system Our head-mounted holographic display system under the co-work with Prof. Hwi Kim s lab in Korea University 33

35 4. Prospective applications Personal holographic display Category: Stereoscopic hologram/ Spatiotemporal multiplexing/ Full-parallax Advantage: 8-bit gray modulation Issue: Optically addressable SLM/ Optical design Device The latest Texas Instrument DMD Data Data assignment Color=24bit SBP= 16.7Mpixels for each viewing window Horizontal resol.= 5,443pixels Vertical resol.=3,062pixels Physical dimension Screen size= 40inch 2.55m Field of view= 0.18deg. 34

36 4. Prospective applications Public holographic display Category: Holographic stereogram/ Spatiotemporal multiplexing/ Horizontal parallax-only Advantage: 8-bit gray modulation Issue: Optically addressable SLM/ Optical design Device The latest Texas Instrument DMD Data Data assignment Color=24bit SBP= 33.3Mpixels Horizontal resol.= 30,869pixels Vertical resol.=1,080pixels Physical dimension Screen size= 5inch diagonal 111mm(H) x 62mm(V) Field of view= 8.0deg. 35

37 4. Prospective applications Mobile application Category: Stereoscopic hologram/ Full-parallax Advantage: 8-bit gray modulation Issue: Device/ Optical elements Device Data capacity=1gb Requirement of spatial coherence length for reconstructing an object at the position, 100mm apart from the screen Data assignment Color=24bit SBP= 2.77Mpixels for each viewing window Horizontal resol.= 2,219pixels Vertical resol.=1,248pixels lc m m Physical dimension Screen size= 2inch 0.31m Field of view= 1.4deg. 36

5. Summary Digital holographic displays can be classified in

displays under tight collaboration with Prof.

38 5. Summary Digital holographic displays can be classified in several ways according to the technologies such as modulation and multiplexing. Especially, stereoscopic hologram technique is one of key issues. My group is working on five different types of holographic displays under tight collaboration with Prof. Kim s group in Korea University. Some applications seem to have potential to be realized in the near future. Their properties can be estimated based on current technologies. 37

Digital holographic display with two-dimensional and threedimensional convertible feature by high speed switchable diffuser

https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2017.5.sd&a-366 2017, Society for Imaging Science and Technology Digital holographic display with two-dimensional and threedimensional convertible feature by high