Beam Loss Patterns at the SPS during the LHC collimator test

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1 Accelerator Performance Committee meeting Geneva, 16 February 26 Beam Loss Patterns at the SPS during the LHC collimator test Stefano Redaelli, AB - OP in collaboration with G. Arduini, R. Assmann and G. Robert-Demolaize

2 Motivation for the LHC collimation project Understanding beam losses is crucial for the LHC! LHC beams, 7 TeV: 2 x 36 MJ stored energy! High damage potential Quench SC magnets Local losses in cold magnets < of beam intensity! Cleaning efficiency: 1 times better than the state-of-the-art! R. Assmann We need better simulation tools! Benchmark with SPS data! S. Redaelli, APC meeting 2

3 Overview of my talk Tools for loss map studies SPS simulations Measurement of loss maps Comparison with simulations Conclusions / outlook S. Redaelli, APC meeting 3

4 LHC loss map simulations Accurate tracking of halo particles 6D dynamics, chromatic effects, δp/p, high order field errors,... Scattering routine Track protons inside collimator materials Detailed collimator geometry Implement all collimators and protection devices, treat any azimuthal angle, tilt/flatness errors Detailed aperture model Precisely find the locations of losses SixTrack K2 BeamLossPattern Aperture / beam position [ m ] IR7 Trajectory of a halo particle IR s [ km ] Magnet locations : s 1m Interpolation: s=1cm (27 points!) S. Redaelli, APC meeting 4

5 X [ mm ] 6 INTRODUCTION The collimation system of the LHC [1] requires an excellent cleaning efficiency in order to avoid quenches of the super-conducting magnets. Various numerical tools used for prediction of cleaning efficiency were compared. The programs include generation of a primary beam halo, scattering of high energy protons through material and tracking δx δx of beam δx halos in the storage ring. Theδx degree of agreement between δy different codes is discussed. δy Differences are used to assess δy possible systematic errors SCATTERING CODES -6 D3 TCP D4 TCS Q5.L7 δe Beam The physics of proton scattering in the material of collimator jaws has been implemented in various computer codes. LHC The betatron scattering cleaning routines track(ir7) the protons through some length of a given material having them interacting with the proper cross-sections. s [ The km ] protons receive transverse kicks θ x, θ y and offsets x, y and some mo- mentum Scattering loss δ = routine p/p. called Note that within a fulltracking shower calcula- at each tion collimator is not required for predicting the cleaning of primary beam protons. The primary protons in the LHC have energies from 45 offsets, GeV atscattering injection to 7angles TeV at top. and The energy scattering error routines must correctly describe the interactions over the full range of energies, allow for different jaw materials, and include aperture the correct analysis jaw geometry, ( s < 1 as protons cm) impact at very close distance from the edge of the jaw. If particle touches jaw, calculate absorption, Trajectories of halo particles saved for off-line δy δe IR7 1e x [µm] 1 δ K2 1 FLUKA Figure 1: Scattering probabilities for one STRUCT 7 TeV proto pacting on a.5 1 m long Cu jaw. Change in position ( S. Redaelli, APC meeting δ 5 [µrad -1 ] dn / (dθ x N ) dn dn / (dx / (dδ N ) N [µm -1 ) ] dn / (dδ N ) e-5 1e e FLUKA STRUC K2 STRUC FLUKA K2 θ x [µrad] angle (middle) and energy (bottom). K2 FLUKA STRUCT A test case was R.Assmann defined for.1 at althe three routines: A 7 pencil beam withlhc-proj-rep zero angle (y 639 = (23) ) impacting y =.1 from the edge.1 of a.5 m long.1 vertical collimator,.1 ma Cu. The changes in particles offsets, angles, and mo

6 Example of LHC loss patterns 1 11 Loss rate per unit length [ p/m/s ] IP2 IP3 IP4 IP5 IP6 IP7 IP8 IP1 Beam Longitudinal coordinate, s [ m ] Cross-check the validity of these results with SPS measurements! S. Redaelli, APC meeting 6

7 Example of LHC loss patterns 1 11 Loss rate per unit length [ p/m/s ] IP2 IP3 IP4 IP5 IP6 IP7 IP8 IP1 Beam Longitudinal coordinate, s [ m ] Cross-check the validity of these results with SPS measurements! S. Redaelli, APC meeting 6

8 Example of LHC loss patterns 1 11 Loss rate per unit length [ p/m/s ] Y [ mm ] IP2 IP3 IP4 IP5 IP6 IP7 IP8 IP1 Beam S loss : s1=229m; s2=23m. N loss = X [ mm ] Longitudinal coordinate, s [ m ] Cross-check the validity of these results with SPS measurements! S. Redaelli, APC meeting 6

9 Tools for loss map studies SPS simulations Measurement of loss maps Comparison with simulations Conclusions / outlook S. Redaelli, APC meeting 7

10 SPS layout for the 24 collimator test to be implemented in simulations A horizontal LHC collimator prototype (full mechanical functionalities) installed in SS5 for tests with beam in 24! S. Redaelli, APC meeting 8

11 SPS optics and aperture model Main beam parameters βx = 24.9m σx.7mm Prototype LHC collimator βy = 89.9m σy 1.3mm En = 27 GeV / c ε 1-3 µm S. Redaelli, APC meeting 9

12 9 MBA 9 MBB 6 6 Vertical aperture [ mm ] Vertical aperture [ mm ] Horizontal aperture [ mm ] Horizontal aperture [ mm ] 9 QD 9 QF1 6 6 Vertical aperture [ mm ] Vertical aperture [ mm ] S. Redaelli, APC meeting Horizontal aperture [ mm ] Horizontal aperture [ mm ]

13 Example of simulated SPS loss pattern - I Simulations include time-dependent jaw movements (new feature) Single or both jaws can be moved at their real speed Long tracking runs ~ 2 turns to simulate the full sweep across the beam Model accurate to the < 1e-4 level Number of lost particles Can the BLM s measure this wide dynamic range? Csps 6.9 km S. Redaelli, APC meeting 11

14 SPS simulations - example of loss maps - II Np ! x,! y [ m ] D x [ m ] S. Redaelli, APC meeting Longitudinal coordinate, s [ m ] 12

15 SPS simulations - example of loss maps - II Np Dynamic range of BLM s?! x,! y [ m ] D x [ m ] S. Redaelli, APC meeting Longitudinal coordinate, s [ m ] 12

16 SPS simulations - example of loss maps - II Np Dynamic range of BLM s?! x,! y [ m ] 1 5 D x [ m ] 4 2 S. Redaelli, APC meeting Longitudinal coordinate, s [ m ] 12

17 Tools for loss map studies SPS simulations Measurement of loss maps Comparison with simulations Conclusions / outlook S. Redaelli, APC meeting 13

18 SPS loss pattern measurements Ionization chamber One ionization chamber per quadrupole Total of 36x6=216 BLM s QD (smaller σx) have one horizontal monitor and vice-versa Losses integrated over 1 super-cycle: 1 acquisition every ~ 25 s Synchronize data with jaw movements! Remarks No dedicated measurements on-line: all the analysis is done off-line Dig-out the useful information among ~25-3 data sets! Missing knowledge of energy deposited in the BLM per lost proton Predict location of losses but not relative heights of the peaks! S. Redaelli, APC meeting 14

19 Data analysis / reduction Collimator OUT Losses induced by the collimator can be seen by taking the difference between consecutive super-cycles Typical loss patterns from collimators are independent of optics, local bottlenecks, etc... BLM signal [ arb. units ] BLRING Collimator moving IN Typical collimator induced loss! s [ km ] S. Redaelli, APC meeting 15

20 Tools for loss map studies SPS simulations Measurement of loss maps Comparison with simulations Conclusions / outlook S. Redaelli, APC meeting 16

21 Comparison - overall loss pattern collimator collimator Measurements Simulations BLM RING reading [ bit ] Beam Beam Longitudinal coordinate, s [ m ] Overall loss pattern along the full ring is correctly predicted! Main losses immediately downstream of the collimator Next significant peak at an SPS collimator, >2.5km downstream! S. Redaelli, APC meeting 17

22 The comparison showed that the correct settings of TPSG+MSE were missing in first simulation runs! 9 8 Simulations Number of lost particles [ counts ] Beam losses induced by the TPSG + MSE Longitudinal coordinate, s [ m ] Prediction power: We found that the TPSG was OUT and not IN! S. Redaelli, APC meeting 18

23 Peaks at the TIDP / TIDV 4 5 BLM RING reading [ bit ] Measurements? Number of lost particles Simulations Longitudinal coordinate, s [ m ] Longitudinal coordinate, s [ m ] Jaw Position [ mm ] Take the of two SC s Simulations predict precisely the loss locations several km downstream of the collimator! Time [ h ] S. Redaelli, APC meeting 19

24 4 Measurements 1 3 Simulations 35 BLM reading [ bit ] Number of lost particles 1 2 The peak is downstream of the BLM location! Longitudinal coordinate s [ m ] 1 1 Difference understood if details of BLM mounting are taken into account! We can nicely simulate losses but, of course, cannot measure without BLM s! S. Redaelli, APC meeting 2

25 4 Measurements 1 3 Simulations 35 BLM reading [ bit ] Number of lost particles 1 2 The peak is downstream of the BLM location! Longitudinal coordinate s [ m ] 1 1 Y [ mm ] 1st peak:tidp 2nd peak:tidv S loss : s1=45m; s2=46m. 3 Difference understood S loss : s1=59m; if s2=61m. details N loss = 45 N loss = 621 of BLM mounting are 2taken into account! Y [ mm ] We can nicely simulate -1 losses but, of course, cannot -2 measure without BLM s! X [ mm ] X [ mm ] S. Redaelli, APC meeting 2

26 Details of another loss location: peaks 1 km downstream of the collimator collimator collimator Measurements Simulations BLM RING reading [ bit ] Beam Beam Longitudinal coordinate, s [ m ] S. Redaelli, APC meeting 21

27 We look at small loss peaks in regions with no collimators: Measurements 15 Simulations Number of lost particles 1 5 ~1/1 of max peak ~1/ Longitudinal coordinate s [ m ] Simulations agree qualitatively with measurements also at locations without collimators! S. Redaelli, APC meeting 22

28 Conclusions Beam loss simulations set-up to predict measured SPS loss patterns Results from 24 collimator test with beam are used Simulation benchmark was challenging but successful at the end! No dedicated measurement sets Missing information of deposited energy on BLM The results of this work confirm the power of simulations! Good agreement for the prediction of loss locations Could identify from simulations minor setting errors of the model Small differences were understood: BLM location vs loss location We are can trust our simulation package for the LHC studies! S. Redaelli, APC meeting 23

29 Outlook A collimator test with beam at the SPS is foreseen for 26. What could we improve? Dedicated data taking session during the test. Faster BLM acquisition would help carrying out detailed studies Can we have turn-by-turn measurements? Measurements / simulations with additional scrapers? Understanding of hardware is required More advanced ideas: Use strong non-linear elements? Further cross-check of tracking for the LHC Setup non-linear bumps (with R. Tomas) Use the extraction sextupoles? Are there other available? S. Redaelli, APC meeting 24

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