Watermarking 3D images and 3D meshes
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1 Watermarking 3D images and Applications for cultural heritage William PUECH LIRMM Laboratoire d Informatique, de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier UMR 5506 CNRS, University of Montpellier, France May, 19 th of 2008 W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
2 Outline 1 Introduction The problem Previous work in the LIRMM 2 Visual data protection Data encryption Watermarking 3 3D Watermarking 3D images 4 Conclusion W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
3 Outline Introduction 1 Introduction The problem Previous work in the LIRMM 2 Visual data protection Data encryption Watermarking 3 3D Watermarking 3D images 4 Conclusion W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
4 Outline Introduction The problem 1 Introduction The problem Previous work in the LIRMM 2 Visual data protection Data encryption Watermarking 3 3D Watermarking 3D images 4 Conclusion W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
5 Introduction The problem Safe visual data transfer: the problem Safe transfer of visual data with high resolution. W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
6 Introduction The problem Safe visual data transfer: the problem 3D Visualisation on line. W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
7 Introduction The problem Safe visual data transfer: the problem Safe Transfer and visualisation on line in real time for low powered systems (wireless devices). W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
8 Introduction The problem Safe visual data transfer: the objectives To transfer safe visual data To Have Confidential data during and after Transfer To Ensure the Integrity (perceptual) and the Authenticity of data To Hide associated data (high capacity) in Image To Access in different resolution levels of visual data To Process in Real Time To Reduce the data size. W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
9 Introduction The problem Safe visual data transfer: the objectives To transfer safe visual data To Have Confidential data during and after Transfer To Ensure the Integrity (perceptual) and the Authenticity of data To Hide associated data (high capacity) in Image To Access in different resolution levels of visual data To Process in Real Time To Reduce the data size. W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
10 Introduction The problem Safe visual data transfer: the objectives To transfer safe visual data To Have Confidential data during and after Transfer To Ensure the Integrity (perceptual) and the Authenticity of data To Hide associated data (high capacity) in Image To Access in different resolution levels of visual data To Process in Real Time To Reduce the data size. W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
11 Introduction The problem Possible solutions: data encryption or watermarking Encryption or watermarking for safe visual data transfer Robust to noise Compatible with a compression Fast: access in real time The secret is based on a key (secrete or private key) The Algorithm is known Principle of Kerckhoffs [KER 83] Norms and standards A. Kerckhoffs. La cryptographie militaire. Journal des sciences militaires, vol. 9, pp. 5 38, W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
12 Introduction The problem Possible solutions: data encryption or watermarking Encryption or watermarking for safe visual data transfer Robust to noise Compatible with a compression Fast: access in real time The secret is based on a key (secrete or private key) The Algorithm is known Principle of Kerckhoffs [KER 83] Norms and standards A. Kerckhoffs. La cryptographie militaire. Journal des sciences militaires, vol. 9, pp. 5 38, W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
13 Introduction The problem Possible solutions: data encryption or watermarking Encryption or watermarking for safe visual data transfer Robust to noise Compatible with a compression Fast: access in real time The secret is based on a key (secrete or private key) The Algorithm is known Principle of Kerckhoffs [KER 83] Norms and standards A. Kerckhoffs. La cryptographie militaire. Journal des sciences militaires, vol. 9, pp. 5 38, W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
14 Outline Introduction Previous work in the LIRMM 1 Introduction The problem Previous work in the LIRMM 2 Visual data protection Data encryption Watermarking 3 3D Watermarking 3D images 4 Conclusion W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
15 Safe Image Transfer Introduction Previous work in the LIRMM a) b) c) a) Original image. b) Embedded image with a message of 512 bits using the DCT based data hiding method. c) Difference between (a) and (b). W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
16 Introduction Previous work in the LIRMM Safe Image Transfer (a) (b) a) Original image, b) Original image histogram c) Encrypted image with the stream cipher algorithm, with a key of 128 bits d) Histogram of the image (c). (c) W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48 (d)
17 Safe Image Transfer Introduction Previous work in the LIRMM a) b) a) Original image. b) Transfer of compressed Image with a Safe ROI. c) Reconstruction of the High Resolution Definition of the ROI. c) W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
18 Introduction Previous work in the LIRMM Safe Image Transfer (a) (b) (c) (d) a) The original image, b) The associated binary mask, c) Color watermarked image, d) Difference between original color image and color watermarked image. W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
19 Safe Image Transfer Introduction Previous work in the LIRMM (a) (b) a) 5 degree rotation of color watermarked image "Fish", b) The label of fish color image with watermarked blocks. W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
20 Outline Visual data protection 1 Introduction The problem Previous work in the LIRMM 2 Visual data protection Data encryption Watermarking 3 3D Watermarking 3D images 4 Conclusion W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
21 Outline Visual data protection Data encryption 1 Introduction The problem Previous work in the LIRMM 2 Visual data protection Data encryption Watermarking 3 3D Watermarking 3D images 4 Conclusion W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
22 Data encryption Visual data protection Data encryption Data encryption The art to mask the data: confidentiality : data protection authenticity : emitter and receiver integrity : ensure the totality and the content of the data non repudiation : ACK W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
23 Visual data protection Data encryption Perceptual signature: data integrity Signature of a text M1 = Aujourd hui il fait beau dans le sud de la France, même si il y a un peu de vent... S1 = Ox2534A8C08E12F4A8 M2 = Aujourd hui il fait beau dans le sud de la France, même si il y a un peu de mistral... S2 = Ox3D68AB9310E38B51 Signature of visual data S1(original image (760 kb)) W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) = S2(compressed image (224 kb)) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19th of / 48
24 Visual data protection Data encryption Perceptual signature: data integrity Signature of a text M1 = Aujourd hui il fait beau dans le sud de la France, même si il y a un peu de vent... S1 = Ox2534A8C08E12F4A8 M2 = Aujourd hui il fait beau dans le sud de la France, même si il y a un peu de mistral... S2 = Ox3D68AB9310E38B51 Signature of visual data S1(original image (760 kb)) W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) = S2(compressed image (224 kb)) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19th of / 48
25 Outline Visual data protection Watermarking 1 Introduction The problem Previous work in the LIRMM 2 Visual data protection Data encryption Watermarking 3 3D Watermarking 3D images 4 Conclusion W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
26 Visual data protection Watermarking Watermarking Watermarking and Data Hiding The art to embed message in perceptual data: invisibility: statistically invisible no removable: robust to transformations and attacks payload: size of the hidden message Data hiding: large payload Steganography: invisibility Watermarking: robust to attacks W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
27 Visual data protection Watermarking Watermarking Watermarking and Data Hiding The art to embed message in perceptual data: invisibility: statistically invisible no removable: robust to transformations and attacks payload: size of the hidden message Data hiding: large payload Steganography: invisibility Watermarking: robust to attacks W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
28 Outline 3D Watermarking 1 Introduction The problem Previous work in the LIRMM 2 Visual data protection Data encryption Watermarking 3 3D Watermarking 3D images 4 Conclusion W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
29 Outline 3D Watermarking 3D images 1 Introduction The problem Previous work in the LIRMM 2 Visual data protection Data encryption Watermarking 3 3D Watermarking 3D images 4 Conclusion W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
30 3D Watermarking 3D images Image watermarking: LSB substitution #17 #54 #83 Figure: 125 original slides of Baton Percé #17 #54 #83 Figure: 125 watermarked slides of Baton Percé W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
31 3D Watermarking 3D images Image watermarking: LSB substitution Analyze original size: 125 slides pixels watermarking with a text file: 5.4 kbytes: PNSR = 70.5 db watermarking with an image of 25.8 kbytes: PNSR = 63.8 db watermarking with a 3D file of kbytes: PNSR = 51.2 db #17 #54 #83 W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
32 3D Watermarking 3D images Image watermarking: LSB substitution (a) Figure: 3D Reconstruction: a) From the original data, b) From the watermarked data. (b) W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
33 Outline 3D Watermarking 1 Introduction The problem Previous work in the LIRMM 2 Visual data protection Data encryption Watermarking 3 3D Watermarking 3D images 4 Conclusion W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
34 3D Watermarking 3D watermarking based on MST References P. Amat, W. Puech, S. Druon and J.P. Pedeboy Lossless Data Hiding Method Based on MST and Topology Changes of 3D Triangular Mesh Proceedings of the 16th European Signal Processing Conference, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2008 Algorithm MST construction, Search of quadruples, Selection of quadruples based on coplanarity and convexity, Embed one bit in each selected quadruple. W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
35 3D Watermarking 3D watermarking based on MST Figure: Selection of quadruples in the MST. W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
36 3D Watermarking 3D watermarking based on MST Figure: Data hiding of a 0-bit or a 1-bit. W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
37 3D Watermarking 3D watermarking based on MST Advantages Global High payload Any modification of the vertex positions Inconvenient No robust to noise W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
38 3D Watermarking 3D Watermarking Baton Percé : vertices. With a threshold of 1 degree: message = 4466 bits (Hausdorff s error = ). With a threshold of 30 degree: message = bits (Hausdorff s error = ) W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
39 3D Watermarking 3D Watermarking W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
40 3D Watermarking 3D Watermarking W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
41 3D Watermarking 3D Watermarking W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
42 3D Watermarking 3D Watermarking W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
43 3D Watermarking 3D Watermarking W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
44 3D Watermarking 3D Watermarking W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
45 3D Watermarking 3D Watermarking W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
46 3D Watermarking 3D Watermarking W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
47 3D Watermarking 3D Watermarking W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
48 3D Watermarking Robust 3D watermarking References F. Cayre and B. Macq Data Hiding on 3D Triangle Meshes IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2003 W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
49 3D Watermarking Robust 3D watermarking Algorithm Choice of a fisrt triangle ABC, Choice of a reference edge AB, Divide AB in several parts, Associate each part to a 0-bit or a 1-bit, Move the vertex C in order to have a projection of C on AB in a wished part. W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
50 3D Watermarking Robust 3D watermarking Figure: Overview of the method. W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
51 3D Watermarking Robust 3D watermarking Advantage Invisible Robust to noise Inconvenient Local W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
52 3D Watermarking 3D Watermarking (a) (b) Figure: a) Original 3D object Smilodon vertices, b) Watermarked 3D object with bits (= 38.3 kbytes) W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
53 Outline Conclusion 1 Introduction The problem Previous work in the LIRMM 2 Visual data protection Data encryption Watermarking 3 3D Watermarking 3D images 4 Conclusion W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
54 Conclusion Conclusion Visual data protection is necessary, First proposed methods: high payload but not robust to noise or robust to noise with a small paylaod, But not robust to cropping for example. W. PUECH (LIRMM CNRS/UMII) Watermarking 3D images and May, 19 th of / 48
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