Optics B/C. Mitchell Gu

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1 Mitchell Gu Disclaimer: This presentation was prepared using draft rules. There may be some changes in the final copy of the rules.

2 Overview A two-part event featuring a written test on geometric and physical optics and a hands-on challenge to reflect a laser around barriers to a target. 50 min Team of up to two 50 minutes total At least 20 min test 4 minute laser shoot Eye protection not required Each team may bring: One three ring binder with any type of resource (must be attached to rings initially) Any templates or tools for the laser shoot. Up to two calculators (any kind)

3 Tested Topics Geometric optics: 2 keys to success Reflection & mirrors: law of reflection, convex, concave, plane mirrors Refraction & lenses: index of refraction, Snell s law and critical angle, convex and concave lenses, prisms, thin lens and lensmaker s eqns. Both: Ray tracing, types of images (real/virtual, erect/inverted, magnifications). More complex ray tracing scenarios for Div. C. Both: How microscopes, telescopes, cameras, glasses work Physical optics Visible EM spectrum, color theory, additive/subtractive models Structure & function of human eye (w.r.t. color & vision) Light polarization Optical absorption spectra of films, chemicals, dyes Lasers, coherence, non-coherence Orange: Div. C only

4 Laser shoot setup (LSS) specifications 56 x 35 cm area (± 1cm), 9 cm tall walls (± 1.5cm) Laser mounted cm high at center of short wall 5 movable front-surface mirrors, cm wide Mounted on upright stands, vertically centered at laser height Initially covered with opaque covers 1 (Div. B) or 3 (Div. C) fixed barriers, cm wide At least one must be placed somewhere on midline Mirrors must be affixed to one side of each and initially covered The wall opposing the laser has a target and a metric scale to aid accuracy measurement

5 LSS Example layout (Division C)

6 Scoring Mirror score (MS): 2 pts per mirror used (max 10) Accuracy score (AS): (15 error in mm / 10) Linearly decreases from 15 (spot on) to 0 (150mm error) Cannot go negative Barrier score (BS) (max 15) Div B: 15 pts if barrier mirror used Div C: 5 pts per barrier mirror used Max LSS score is 40, max test score is 60 for 100 points total

7 Changes from Last Year Two calculator maximum (still any type) Event supervisors are recommended to use a ferrous metal surface for the LSS and magnetic mirrors/barriers to prevent shifting Front surface mirrors (or mylar) instead of back surface mirrors No part of the mirror stand can extend in front of the reflective surface The supervisor must demonstrate alignment of the laser before LSS time starts. Only the intended, normally reflected laser path will be measured Division C: There are now mirrors on all 3 barriers, not just one 60/40 Test/LSS scoring vs 50/50 before The mirror score is halved from 20 points to 10 points maximum Accuracy score only goes to 15 points vs 25 before The barrier score is 15 points maximum vs 5 before A few other very minor or wording changes (see draft rules)

8 Common Pitfalls Don t assume the event supervisor has the same mirror, barrier, and LSS sizes as you. Larger mirrors are harder to miss but also harder to place properly. Vice versa for small mirrors. Practice with both. Always be conscious of where the mirror s actual reflecting surface is and how to reference that surface Ignoring the mirror thickness or referencing with respect to a nonparallel mirror stand base can cause error to accumulate Be prepared for different kinds of mirror stands Avoid reflecting off mirrors at shallow angles, particularly at later mirrors. Shallow incident angles don t afford you much margin for error. Error tends to accumulate as more mirrors are used. Avoid mixing up units (nanometers/angstroms, degrees/radians)

9 Coaching Tips Prepare a cheatsheet of example ray diagrams and resulting image type (real/virtual, erect/inverted, magnification) for every type of mirror or lens and object position. Stress the importance of a concise, familiar, and easy to navigate binder over large, disorganized binders with unfamiliar information. Increase that signal to noise ratio and avoid time spent flipping through the binder during the test. Cutting out graph paper is a great starting point for templates Practice good communication between teammates during the laser shoot Encourage other non-optics team members to create LSS configurations for the optics team to try

10 Resources The SOINC website: Scioly.org wiki: Scioly.org test exchange: HyperPhysics: Look for optics textbooks your local library, bookstore, or online

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