Society for Information Display 2017 Paper Submission Form May 21 May 26, 2017, Los Angeles, California
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1 Paper Title Society for Information Display 2017 Paper Submission Form May 21 May 26, 2017, Los Angeles, California Brightness enhancement of 3D display through patterning linearly Author Names Dong-Myoung Lee 1, Jin-Hyung Jung 1, You-Jin Lee 1, Chang-Jae Yu 1,2, and Jae-Hoon 1, 2,* Kim Affiliations 1 Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea 2 Department of Information Display Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea Abstract We propose a linearly polarized organic light emitting diode with patterned orthogonal polarizations for enhancement of brightness in 3-dimensional (3D) display. The orthogonally polarized emissions are converted to the orthogonally circular polarizations for the stereoscopic 3D display via a quarter-wave plate. Keywords 3D display,, patterned ordering, high brightness Format of Submissions I prefer to make my presentation in POSTER SESSIONS. Symposium Topics OLED device and Materials Fundamentals Presenting Author Name Dong-Myoung Lee Master Student Address Research and Development Building II , 17 Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul 04763, Korea Telephone Fax dong153177@naver.com
2 Brightness enhancement of 3D display through patterning linearly Dong-Myoung Lee 1, Jin-Hyung Jung 1,You-Jin Lee 1, Chang-Jae Yu 1,2 1, 2,* and Jae-Hoon Kim 1 Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea 2 Department of Information Display Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea jhoon@hanyang.ac.kr 1. Objective and Background Stereoscopic three-dimensional (3D) displays with viewing glasses have attracted considerable attention, because they have ability to convey depth perception to the viewer in two-dimensional displays. Also, they are widely developed and commercialized due to their good display performances and unlimited viewing points [1-4]. In polarization glasses 3D displays, to present a stereoscopic image, right- and left-eye images are simultaneously displayed from the screen with orthogonally polarization state. To generate orthogonally polarized light from display, commonly linear polarizer and patterned retarder are used on the outside of the display panel. However, when we used conventional unpolarized organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) for 3D display with film-type patterned retarder (FPR) and linear polarizer, the intensity of emitted light reduce to below 50% by polarizer. To overcome this problem, linearly s (poleds) can be used with only a FPR for 3D display. The linearly polarized emitted light changed to right- and left handed circularly polarized light through FPR without loss of light intensity. In this case, output intensity is twice brighter then when used uns. However, FPR is expensive and hard to align between display and a FPR. In this paper, we proposed a patterned poled, which is fabricated with rubbing process using shadow mask, for stereoscopic 3D display. Because the linearly polarized lights are orthogonal in each region, we can produce right- and left handed circularly polarized lights through a conventional unpatterned quarter wave plate (QWP) with keeping the light intensity. 2. Result Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the fabrication process of the patterned poled. Copper phthalocyanine (CuPC from LUMTEC) with thickness of 2 nm was deposited by thermal evaporation for hole injection on an indium-tin oxide (ITO) anode high-vacuum (6 x 10-6 torr). Next, AL22636 (from JSR) as a hole transport layer (HTL) and alignment layer was deposited by spin coating for 20 nm onto the ITO substrate. To produce the orthogonal
3 alignment direction of the conjugated polymers in each region, we used second rubbing process with shadow mask which has line width and interval about 150 μm. At first, the alignment layer was rubbed using a cotton roller after thermal imidization on a hot plate. After rubbing on whole area of the alignment layer, we rubbed again in perpendicular direction to the first rubbing with patterned shadow mask. Poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorenyl1-2, 7-diyl)-alt-(benzo[2,1,3] thia-diazol-4,8-diyl) (F8BT, American Dye Source) with a nematic liquid crystal phase was used as an emitting layer. The F8BT dissolved in toluene was spin-coated on the patterned rubbed alignment layer for 100 nm. The prepared substrate was annealed at nematic temperature of the F8BT layer onto the hot plate for 10 min, and slowly cooled to maintain ordered state. The emitting polymers are aligned along the rubbing direction in each region. Finally, LiF and Al used as an electron injection layer and cathode with thicknesses of 1 nm and 70 nm were deposited by thermal evaporation, respectively. All processes were carried out in a glove box filled with N 2 gas to avoid exposure to humidity and oxygen. Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the fabrication of patterned poled Figure 2 shows schematic diagram of the 3D display with un and patterned poled. A stereoscopic 3D display based on conventional OLEDs, which emit unpolarized light, needs polarizer and FPR to generate orthogonal images. In this case, emitted unpolarized light reduced to below 50% to make linear polarization state, as shown in figure 2 (a). The linearly polarized light changed to right- and left-handed circularly polarized light passing through patterned QWP which has orthogonal optical axes (± 45 ). On the other hand, when we used the proposed patterned poled, because light orthogonally emitted in each region, there is only need unpatterned QWP to make rightand left-handed circularly polarized light. Also, because linear polarizer does not need in this structure, there is no loss of light intensity, as shown in figure 2 (b).
4 Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the 3D display with (a) un and (b) patterned poled Figure 3 (a) shows electroluminescence (EL) image of the fabricated sample. The image shows uniform emitting light though it has orthogonal polarization state in each region. Figure 3 (b) and (c) shows EL images under linear polarizer according to optical axis. Each width of region are 150 μm. The polarization state of the emitted light is linear polarization with 0 and 90, and this degree is same with molecular aligned directions. In the regions that the direction of linear polarization is same with optic axis of polarizer, it shows white state. On the other hand, the black state appears at the other regions that the direction of linear polarization is orthogonal with optic axis of polarizer. Note that black region is not completely black, because linear polarization is incomplete. Actually, the polarization ratio of the fabricated poled sample was 21:1. Also, the brightness of the black state between two regions is different. There reason is that we rubbed twice for making different alignment directions. Although the alignment direction is governed by the latest rubbing direction, the anchoring energy of the twice rubbing regions is weaker than the other regions. Since the polarization ratio is affected by the azimuthal surface anchoring energy, the polarization ratio is somewhat different. If we study about a photo-alignment method, this problem can be overcome. Figure 3 EL images of patterned poled (a) without a linear polarizer and with a linear polarizer by (b) 0 and (c) 90
5 Figure 4 EL images of patterned poled with QWP (a) without a circular polarizer and with (b) reight- and left-handed circular polarizers For 3D display, we should produce the images which have the right- and left-handed circularly polarization state. Our sample emit the linearly polarization light with orthogonal direction in each region, and the unpatterned QWP by ± 45 can easily make circularly polarization state with different handedness. Figure 4 (a) shows EL image of the fabricated patterned poled sample under QWR by -45. For confirming the polarization state, we put the circular polarizer on the QWP. Figure 4 (b) and 4 (c) shows the EL images of the patterned poled with left- and right-handed circular polarizer, respectively, on the QWP. By the handedness of the circular polarization, the black and white states alternately appear. Note that the reduced brightness was due to the absorbance of the circular polarizers. 3. Impact We proposed the patterned poled for high brightness stereoscopic 3D display. The patterned poled was fabricated using rubbing process with shadow mask. The emitting polymers are aligned along the rubbing directions on the alignment layer, and emit linearly polarized light with orthogonal directions in each region. Also, these polarization states easily changed to right- and left-handed circular polarized light at each region by unpatterned QWP. Because this proposed system does not need an extra polarizer, the emitted lights preserved without any loss. We expect that the patterned poled is applicable to not only high performance stereoscopic 3D display but also functional organic electro-optical devices. 4. References [1] Y.-J. Wu, Y.-S. Jeng, P.-C. Yeh, C.-J. Hu, and W.-M. Huang, SID 08, 39, 260 (2008). [2] H. Hong, D. Lee, J. Jang, and M. Lim, IMID 09, 1010 (2009). [3] S. Pastoor and M. Wopking, Displays, 17, 100 (1997). [4] D. Matsunaga, T. Tamaki, H. Akiyama, and K. Ichimura, Adv. Mater. 14, 1477 (2002).
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