EyeTech. Particle Size Particle Shape Particle concentration Analyzer ANKERSMID

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1 EyeTech Particle Size Particle Shape Particle concentration Analyzer

2 A new technology for measuring particle size in combination with particle shape and concentration. COMBINED LASERTECHNOLOGY & DIA Content - New laser technique for measuring particle size and concentration - Dynamic Image Analysis for particle characterisation

3 In laboratory and production environment

4 Why Particle Size Analysis? Particle size controls many important product characteristics, such as: Viscosity Flow-ability Sedimentation Optical Properties Impact/Compressive strength Agglomeration

5 What is the size of a particle? D max D min Size Related Properties : V = Volume W = Weight S = Surface Area A = Projected Area R = Sedimentation Rate Conventional techniques derive particle size from a (physical) property. Usually Particle Size is expressed as the diameter of a sphere with similar property -> equivalent sphere

6 Equivalent Sphere These diameters are fundamentally different for the same particle. The equivalent diameters differ for any non-spherical material. Thus, every PSA technique yields different results for nonspherical materials

7 Conventional PSA Techniques The measurement of particle properties has several drawbacks: - Sphere is an extreme particle shape, not reflecting real particles - Significant errors for non-spherical particles - Particle size results dependent on used technique - Some Instrument response requires calibration depending on the technology used - Particle size analysis limited to the measured property

8 EyeTech A Modular Particles Analyzer for measuring Size Shape Concentration in all phases

9 EyeTech Measurement Principle Single Instrument Dual Measurement Channels

10 The EyeTech performs high resolution particle size & shape analysis and calculates concentration. The EyeTech combines two methods of analysis: Laser channel: particle size measurement & concentration Video channel: shape characterization by acquiring images of moving particles and analyzing them with Image Analysis software

11 EyeTech Measurement Principle Single Instrument Dual Measurement Channels LASER CHANNEL Range lens A: µm Range lens B: µm

12 EyeTech Measurement Principle The rotating laser beam scans single particles within its focus. The diameter of the particle is directly correlated to the duration of the obscuration. The principle measurement is a time interval, not an intensity measurement. The time domain is independent of particles optical or physical properties

13 EyeTech Measurement Principle From the duration of the obscuration (t) and the known rotation velocity of the laser beam (v) the particle diameter (D) can be calculated: D = v. t In relation to the high speed of the rotating laser, the particles are stationary. So, particle movement does not effect particle size measurement. No requirement for pre-knowledge of: - Refractive index - Temperature - Viscosity variation - Electrical conductivity

14 EyeTech Pulse Analysis; Off-Center rejections Pulse Transition Pulse Profile On-Center Off-Center Pulse Transition Derivative Profile

15 EyeTech Pulse Analysis; Derivative Pulse Signal Amplitude Minimum width and maximum amplitude indicate on-center interactions. For accepted particle crossings, the angle between the particle boundaries and the laser beam approaches 90.

16 EyeTech Pulse Analysis; Out-of-Focus rejections Focused Laser Beam Pulse Profile Derivative Pulse Derivative Pulses too wide; Out-Of-Focus pulses are rejected

17 EyeTech Pulse Analysis Concept; Transparent Particles Opaque Particles Translucent Particles Transparent Particles Pulse Profile Particle Size Measurement is independent of particle s transparency

18

19 Concentration Measurement Only legal pulses are collected in an optical volume (defined by the thickness of the laserspot, the focus depth of the lens and radius of circular movement of the laser) giving the possibility to calculate CONCENTRATION

20

21 Application Advantages Direct laser measurement -No pre-knowledge of sample necessary Refractive/Absorption Index, etc. - Single Particle Sizing Detection of minor fractions -Applicable to a large variety of samples transparent, translucent, opaque, airborne, liquidborne -Possibility of time dependent measurements Crystal growth, dissolution properties -Concentration measurement size and concentration at same time kinetic analysis

22 EyeTech Measurement Principle Single Instrument Dual Measurement Channels DYNAMIC IMAGE ANALYSIS CHANNEL

23 Reasons for Dynamic Image Analysis Seeing is believing, See your particles. Better characterization of your materials. Detection and quantification of shape influences. Validation technique for the laser Channel or other particle size equipment.

24 EyeTech Video Channel Video Channel collects digital images used for: Visualization during laser measurement Dynamic Shape Analysis Grabbing Images and Recording Movie

25 Dynamic Image Analysis the way it is done Real time images of particles in motion are collected Images are converted into a grid containing a collection of picture elements (pixels). Each individual pixel has a value for brightness (grey level): 0 = Dark; 255 = White. 420 µm Image Conversion All images are analyzed according to a pre-defined set of Image Analysis characteristics. Measurement is finished when the measurement end condition is met (#of particles/images, confidence level,time) 18 µm

26 Dynamic Image Analysis For each individual particle, size and shape parameters are determined. The EyeTech Image Analysis software automates set-up and measurement. EyeTech software includes many IA procedures such as: Pre-processing procedures Image Filters Region of Interest Out-of-focus Rejection Morphology Operations Grouping according to size/shape (Re-)processing of stored images and movies Lens Calibration

27 Dynamic Image Analysis Pre-Processing Image quality can be improved using automatic preprocessing procedures, e.g.: Contrast Enhancement: Contrast Enhancement increases the number of gray levels

28 Image Analysis Terms Basic Image Analysis terms: Macro Size Descriptors Ferret Diameters Determination of distributions of: - Minimum Ferret - Maximum Ferret - Average Ferret Average Ferret diameter: F 1 + F 2 + F 3 + F 4 F For a sphere size = diameter

29 Image Analysis Terms Basic Image Analysis terms: Macro Size Descriptors Perimeter Equivalent Diameter This parameter gives the diameter of a circle of equal area to the object. Equivalent Diameter= 2* Area π Specific Length This parameter gives the average length along a sinus-like object (fiber) and is given by the formula: SpecificLength= ¼ * (Perimeter+ Perimeter² -16 * Area ) Specific Length Specific Length

30 Shape Analysis Terms Basic Image Analysis terms: Macro Shape Descriptors [ min Ferret diam.] Aspect Ratio = [ max Ferret diam.] [Area * 4 π] Shape Factor = (Circularity) [Perimeter] 2

31 DSA Parameters Comparing Shape Factor to Aspect Ratio Shape Factor Aspect Ratio 1 1 <0,1 1 0,785 0,707 0,604 0,577 0,436 0,250 0,160 0,100

32 Image Analysis Terms Shape Descriptors Additional Parameters: Over 40 User defined ÌSO-parameters Elongation Curl-index Modification Ratio Compactness Roughness Wadell s Sphericity Solidity Convexity Average Concavity Fractal Dimensions

33 Parameters

34 Quantifying equivalent diameters No difference in particle size distributions for different materials With Dynamic Image Analysis, the difference is evident

35 Quantifying shape differences Max. Ferret Diameter: Shape Factor: The difference in the shape factor and maximum Ferret diameter are obvious!

36

37 Application Advantages Dynamic Shape Analysis More accurate characterisation of non-spherical Rods, fibers, Aggregation, Foreign Particles Particle classification using strategic shape filters Selection of particles of interest by their shape in a large matrix Accurate determination of agglomerates Specific shape of agglomerates are used to select them Visualization and characterization of foreign particles Selection of foreign particles by their shape

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