Lecture 06. Raster and Vector Data Models. Part (1) Common Data Models. Raster. Vector. Points. Points. ( x,y ) Area. Area Line.
|
|
- Norma Carr
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Lecture 06 Raster and Vector Data Models Part (1) 1 Common Data Models Vector Raster Y Points Points ( x,y ) Line Area Line Area 2 X 1
2 3 Raster uses a grid cell structure Vector is more like a drawn map 4 2
3 5 Raster Data Model A raster represents a continuous surface, but for data storage and analysis, a raster is divided into rows, columns, and cells. Raster data represent points by single cells, lines by sequences of neighboring cells, and areas by collections of contiguous cells. 6 3
4 A continuous elevation raster with darker shades for higher elevations. 7 Representation of point, line, and area features: raster format on the left and vector format on the right. 8 4
5 Raster Data Model A raster data model uses a grid. One grid cell is one unit or holds one attribute. Every cell has a value, even if it is missing. A cell can hold a number or an index value standing for an attribute. A cell has a resolution, given as the cell size in ground units. 9 Generic structure for a grid 10 5
6 11 Elements of Raster Data Model 1. Cell value. Each cell in a raster carries a value, which represents the characteristic of a spatial phenomenon at the location denoted by its row and column. The cell value can be integer or floating-point. 2. Cell size. The cell size determines the resolution of the raster data model. 3. Raster bands. A raster may have a single band or multiple bands. 4. Spatial reference. Raster data must have the spatial reference information so that they can align spatially with other data sets in a GIS. Raster The Mixed Pixel Problem Land cover map Two classes, land or water Cell A is straightforward What category to assign for B, C, or D? 12 6
7 Raster Coding In the data entry process, maps can be digitized or scanned at a selected cell size and each cell assigned a code or a value. The methods for assigning cell codes are: 1. Presence/Absence 2. Cell Center 3. Dominant Area 4. Percent Coverage (advanced method) 13 Presence/Absence The most basic method is to record a feature if some of it occurs in the cell space. The only practical way of coding point and line features, because they don t take up much area of a cell. 14 7
8 15 Cell Center This method involves reading only the center of the cell and assigning the code accordingly. When there are multiple features in a cell area, the one in the center wins the code. This is no a good scheme for points or lines, because they don t necessarily pass through the exact center. Dominant Area A common method is to assign the cell code to the feature with the largest (dominant) share of the cell. This is suitable primarily for polygons, although line features could be assigned according to which one has the most linear distance in a cell. 16 8
9 17 Types of Raster Data 1. Satellite Imagery: Imagery acquired from satellites such as Landsat and Spot. 2. Digital Elevation Models (DEMs): The representation of continuous elevation values over a topographic surface by a regular array of z-values referenced to a common datum. 3. Digital Orthophotos Quadrangles (DOQ): The scanned photographic images that have been corrected for distortions due to camera tilt, terrain displacement, and other factors. 18 9
10 Types of Raster Data (continued) 4. Bi-Level Scanned Files: The scanned images containing values of 1 and 0, they are usually scanned from paper maps. 5. Digital Raster Graphics (DRGs): The scanned images of USGS topographic maps. 6. Graphic Files: Maps, photographs, and images can be stored as raster graphic files such as TIFF (tagged image file format), GIDF( graphics interchange format), and JPEG( joint photographic expert group). 19 Types of Raster Data (continued) 7. GIS Software-Specific Raster Data: GIS packages use raster data that are imported from DEMs, satellite images, scanned images, graphic files, and ASCII files or are converted from vector data. The GIS software packages store raster data in different formats, for example, ArcGIS stores raster data in the ESRI Grid format
11 DEMs at three resolutions: 30 meters, 10 meters, and 3 meters. The 30-m and 10-m DEMs are USGS DEMs. The 3-m DEM is a derived product from LIDAR data USGS 1-meter black-and-white DOQ for Sun Valley, Idaho. 11
12 A bi-level scanned file showing soil lines. 23 USGS DRG for Sun Valley, Idaho
13 Raster Data Structures Raster data stored as an array of values Georeferencing is implicit in the structure Usually defined by one corner of the image and the cell size Attributes are defined by the cell values (no character data!) One attribute for each raster file 25 Raster Data Structure (continued) Raster data structure refers to the method or format for storing raster data. The three common methods for storing raster data are: 1. Cell-by-Cell Encoding 2. Run Length Encoding 3. Quad Tree 26 13
14 Cell-by-Cell Encoding The cell-by-cell encoding method provides the simplest raster data structure. A raster is stored as a matrix, and its cell values are written into a file by row and column. 27 Run- Length Encoding (RLE) The run length encoding method is a raster data structure that records the cell values by row and by group. This method records the cell values in runs. Row 1, for example, has two adjacent cells in columns 5 and 6 that are gray or have the value of 1. Row 1 is therefore encoded with one run, beginning in column 5 and ending in column 6. The same method is used to record other rows
15 Quad Tree The regional quad tree method divides a raster into a hierarchy of quadrants. The division stops when a quadrant is made of cells of the same value (gray or white). A quadrant that cannot be subdivided is called a leaf node. In the diagram, the quadrants are indexed spatially: 0 for NW, 1 for SW, 2 for SE, and 3 for NE. Using the spatial indexing method and the hierarchical quad tree structure, the gray cells can be coded as 02, , and so on. Rasters: The Storage Space/Resolution Tradeoff Decreasing the cell size by one-fourth causes a four-fold increase in the storage space required for the raster data
16 31 Raster Data Compression Data compression refers to the reduction of data volume. A variety of techniques are available for image compression. Compression techniques can be lossless or lossy. Lossless Compression: One type of data compression that allows the original image to be precisely reconstructed. Lossy Compression: One type of data compression that can achieve high compression ratios but cannot reconstruct fully the original image. Raster Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages Simple data structure Easy overlay Various kinds of spatial analysis Uniform size and shape Cheaper technology Disadvantages Large amount of data Less pretty Projection transformation is difficult Different scales between layers can be a nightmare May lose information due to generalization 32 16
17
Topic 5: Raster and Vector Data Models
Geography 38/42:286 GIS 1 Topic 5: Raster and Vector Data Models Chapters 3 & 4: Chang (Chapter 4: DeMers) 1 The Nature of Geographic Data Most features or phenomena occur as either: discrete entities
More informationContents of Lecture. Surface (Terrain) Data Models. Terrain Surface Representation. Sampling in Surface Model DEM
Lecture 13: Advanced Data Models: Terrain mapping and Analysis Contents of Lecture Surface Data Models DEM GRID Model TIN Model Visibility Analysis Geography 373 Spring, 2006 Changjoo Kim 11/29/2006 1
More informationSpatial Data Models. Raster uses individual cells in a matrix, or grid, format to represent real world entities
Spatial Data Models Raster uses individual cells in a matrix, or grid, format to represent real world entities Vector uses coordinates to store the shape of spatial data objects David Tenenbaum GEOG 7
More informationIntroduction to Geographic Information Science. Some Updates. Last Lecture 4/6/2017. Geography 4103 / Raster Data and Tesselations.
Geography 43 / 3 Introduction to Geographic Information Science Raster Data and Tesselations Schedule Some Updates Last Lecture We finished DBMS and learned about storage of data in complex databases Relational
More informationThe Raster Data Model
The Raster Data Model 2 2 2 2 8 8 2 2 8 8 2 2 2 2 2 2 8 8 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Llano River, Mason Co., TX 1 Rasters are: Regular square tessellations Matrices of values distributed among equal-sized, square
More informationRaster Data Models 9/18/2018
Raster Data Models The Raster Data Model Rasters are: Regular square tessellations Matrices of values distributed among equal-sized, square cells 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 2 2 2 5 5 5 5 5 2 2 2
More informationRasters are: The Raster Data Model. Cell location specified by: Why squares? Raster Data Models 9/25/2014. GEO327G/386G, UT Austin 1
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 2 5 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 8 8 2 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 2 2 2 5 5 5 5 5 2 2 2 5 5 5 5 The Raster Data Model Rasters are: Regular square tessellations Matrices of values distributed among equalsized,
More informationThe Raster Data Model
The Raster Data Model 2 2 2 2 8 8 2 2 8 8 2 2 2 2 2 2 8 8 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Llano River, Mason Co., TX 9/24/201 GEO327G/386G, UT Austin 1 Rasters are: Regular square tessellations Matrices of values distributed
More informationThe GIS Spatial Data Model
The GIS Spatial Data Model Introduction: Spatial data are what drive a GIS. Every piece of functionality that makes a GIS separate from another analytical environment is rooted in the spatially explicit
More information17/07/2013 RASTER DATA STRUCTURE GIS LECTURE 4 GIS DATA MODELS AND STRUCTURES RASTER DATA MODEL& STRUCTURE TIN- TRIANGULAR IRREGULAR NETWORK
RASTER DATA STRUCTURE GIS LECTURE 4 GIS DATA MODELS AND STRUCTURES Space is subdivided into regular grids of square grid cells or other forms of polygonal meshes known as picture elements (pixels) the
More informationWelcome to NR402 GIS Applications in Natural Resources. This course consists of 9 lessons, including Power point presentations, demonstrations,
Welcome to NR402 GIS Applications in Natural Resources. This course consists of 9 lessons, including Power point presentations, demonstrations, readings, and hands on GIS lab exercises. Following the last
More informationRaster Data. James Frew ESM 263 Winter
Raster Data 1 Vector Data Review discrete objects geometry = points by themselves connected lines closed polygons attributes linked to feature ID explicit location every point has coordinates 2 Fields
More informationCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Chapter 13. TERRAIN MAPPING AND ANALYSIS 13.1 Data for Terrain Mapping and Analysis 13.1.1 DEM 13.1.2 TIN Box 13.1 Terrain Data Format 13.2 Terrain Mapping 13.2.1 Contouring 13.2.2 Vertical Profiling 13.2.3
More informationChapter 3: Maps as Numbers
Chapter 3: Maps as Numbers 3. Representing Maps as Numbers 3.2 Structuring Attributes 3.3 Structuring Maps 3.4 Why Topology Matters 3.5 Formats for GIS Data 3.6 Exchanging Data David Tenenbaum EEOS 265
More informationRASTER ANALYSIS GIS Analysis Fall 2013
RASTER ANALYSIS GIS Analysis Fall 2013 Raster Data The Basics Raster Data Format Matrix of cells (pixels) organized into rows and columns (grid); each cell contains a value representing information. What
More informationApplied Cartography and Introduction to GIS GEOG 2017 EL. Lecture-7 Chapters 13 and 14
Applied Cartography and Introduction to GIS GEOG 2017 EL Lecture-7 Chapters 13 and 14 Data for Terrain Mapping and Analysis DEM (digital elevation model) and TIN (triangulated irregular network) are two
More informationRepresenting Geography
Data models and axioms Chapters 3 and 7 Representing Geography Road map Representing the real world Conceptual models: objects vs fields Implementation models: vector vs raster Vector topological model
More informationLow-Cost Orthophoto Production Using OrthoMapper Software
Low-Cost Orthophoto Production Using OrthoMapper Software Rick Day Penn State Cooperative Extension, Geospatial Technology Program, RGIS-Chesapeake Air Photos Historical air photos are available from a
More informationL7 Raster Algorithms
L7 Raster Algorithms NGEN6(TEK23) Algorithms in Geographical Information Systems by: Abdulghani Hasan, updated Nov 216 by Per-Ola Olsson Background Store and analyze the geographic information: Raster
More informationMaking the Most of Raster Analysis with Living Atlas Data. Aileen Buckley, PhD, Research Cartographer Esri - Redlands
Making the Most of Raster Analysis with Living Atlas Data Aileen Buckley, PhD, Research Cartographer Esri - Redlands Spatial Analysis with Online Data Your Desktop Web Device Never scrounge for or download
More informationIntroduction to Geographic Information Systems Dr. Arun K Saraf Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee
Introduction to Geographic Information Systems Dr. Arun K Saraf Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee Lecture 04 Raster data model and comparisons with vector Hello friends,
More informationOverview. Image Geometric Correction. LA502 Special Studies Remote Sensing. Why Geometric Correction?
LA502 Special Studies Remote Sensing Image Geometric Correction Department of Landscape Architecture Faculty of Environmental Design King AbdulAziz University Room 103 Overview Image rectification Geometric
More informationGeometric Rectification of Remote Sensing Images
Geometric Rectification of Remote Sensing Images Airborne TerrestriaL Applications Sensor (ATLAS) Nine flight paths were recorded over the city of Providence. 1 True color ATLAS image (bands 4, 2, 1 in
More informationLecture 2: GIS Data Sources, Data Types and Representation. GE 118: INTRODUCTION TO GIS Engr. Meriam M. Santillan Caraga State University
Lecture 2: GIS Data Sources, Data Types and Representation GE 118: INTRODUCTION TO GIS Engr. Meriam M. Santillan Caraga State University Geographic Data in GIS Can be obtained from various sources in different
More informationv SMS Tutorials Working with Rasters Prerequisites Requirements Time Objectives
v. 12.2 SMS 12.2 Tutorial Objectives Learn how to import a Raster, view elevations at individual points, change display options for multiple views of the data, show the 2D profile plots, and interpolate
More informationClass #2. Data Models: maps as models of reality, geographical and attribute measurement & vector and raster (and other) data structures
Class #2 Data Models: maps as models of reality, geographical and attribute measurement & vector and raster (and other) data structures Role of a Data Model Levels of Data Model Abstraction GIS as Digital
More informationReview of Cartographic Data Types and Data Models
Review of Cartographic Data Types and Data Models GIS Data Models Raster Versus Vector in GIS Analysis Fundamental element used to represent spatial features: Raster: pixel or grid cell. Vector: x,y coordinate
More informationRASTER ANALYSIS GIS Analysis Winter 2016
RASTER ANALYSIS GIS Analysis Winter 2016 Raster Data The Basics Raster Data Format Matrix of cells (pixels) organized into rows and columns (grid); each cell contains a value representing information.
More informationUsing LiDAR (Light Distancing And Ranging) data to more accurately describe avalanche terrain
International Snow Science Workshop, Davos 009, Proceedings Using LiDAR (Light Distancing And Ranging) data to more accurately describe avalanche terrain Christopher M. McCollister, and Robert H. Comey,
More informationUnpacking Instructions
DNR Data Deli II Unpacking and User Instructions May 2004 Now that you ve successfully downloaded a bundle of GIS data from the Minnesota Dept. of Natural Resources, GIS Data Deli II there are a couple
More informationTerms and definitions * keep definitions of processes and terms that may be useful for tests, assignments
Lecture 1 Core of GIS Thematic layers Terms and definitions * keep definitions of processes and terms that may be useful for tests, assignments Lecture 2 What is GIS? Info: value added data Data to solve
More informationIntroducing ArcScan for ArcGIS
Introducing ArcScan for ArcGIS An ESRI White Paper August 2003 ESRI 380 New York St., Redlands, CA 92373-8100, USA TEL 909-793-2853 FAX 909-793-5953 E-MAIL info@esri.com WEB www.esri.com Copyright 2003
More informationLab 5: Georeferencing, Digitization, and Processing
Lab 5: Georeferencing, Digitization, and Processing Purpose: An introduction to georeferencing images, practice digitizing, and combine lesson up to this point. To Do: Register a scanned image, digitize
More informationSPATIAL DATA MODELS Introduction to GIS Winter 2015
SPATIAL DATA MODELS Introduction to GIS Winter 2015 GIS Data Organization The basics Data can be organized in a variety of ways Spatial location, content (attributes), frequency of use Come up with a system
More informationImage coding and compression
Image coding and compression Robin Strand Centre for Image Analysis Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala University Today Information and Data Redundancy Image Quality Compression Coding
More informationAPPENDIX E2. Vernal Pool Watershed Mapping
APPENDIX E2 Vernal Pool Watershed Mapping MEMORANDUM To: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service From: Tyler Friesen, Dudek Subject: SSHCP Vernal Pool Watershed Analysis Using LIDAR Data Date: February 6, 2014
More informationLecture 21 - Chapter 8 (Raster Analysis, part2)
GEOL 452/552 - GIS for Geoscientists I Lecture 21 - Chapter 8 (Raster Analysis, part2) Today: Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), Topographic functions (surface analysis): slope, aspect hillshade, viewshed,
More informationUnderstanding Geospatial Data Models
Understanding Geospatial Data Models 1 A geospatial data model is a formal means of representing spatially referenced information. It is a simplified view of physical entities and a conceptualization of
More informationv Working with Rasters SMS 12.1 Tutorial Requirements Raster Module Map Module Mesh Module Time minutes Prerequisites Overview Tutorial
v. 12.1 SMS 12.1 Tutorial Objectives This tutorial teaches how to import a Raster, view elevations at individual points, change display options for multiple views of the data, show the 2D profile plots,
More informationIntroduction to Computer Science (I1100) Data Storage
Data Storage 145 Data types Data comes in different forms Data Numbers Text Audio Images Video 146 Data inside the computer All data types are transformed into a uniform representation when they are stored
More informationBlacksburg, VA July 24 th 30 th, 2010 Georeferencing images and scanned maps Page 1. Georeference
George McLeod Prepared by: With support from: NSF DUE-0903270 in partnership with: Geospatial Technician Education Through Virginia s Community Colleges (GTEVCC) Georeference The process of defining how
More informationRASTER ANALYSIS S H A W N L. P E N M A N E A R T H D A T A A N A LY S I S C E N T E R U N I V E R S I T Y O F N E W M E X I C O
RASTER ANALYSIS S H A W N L. P E N M A N E A R T H D A T A A N A LY S I S C E N T E R U N I V E R S I T Y O F N E W M E X I C O TOPICS COVERED Spatial Analyst basics Raster / Vector conversion Raster data
More informationGeoreferencing & Spatial Adjustment
Georeferencing & Spatial Adjustment Aligning Raster and Vector Data to the Real World Rotation Differential Scaling Distortion Skew Translation 1 The Problem How are geographically unregistered data, either
More informationLECTURE 2 SPATIAL DATA MODELS
LECTURE 2 SPATIAL DATA MODELS Computers and GIS cannot directly be applied to the real world: a data gathering step comes first. Digital computers operate in numbers and characters held internally as binary
More informationLAB #7 Creating TIN and 3D scenes (ArcScene) GISC, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
LAB #7 Creating TIN and 3D scenes (ArcScene) GISC, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY The purpose of this laboratory is to introduce and explore surface data analysis using a vector data model: TIN. We
More informationGIS DATA MODELS AND SPATIAL DATA STRUCTURE
UNIT 5 GIS DATA MODELS AND SPATIAL DATA STRUCTURE GIS Data Models and Spatial Data 5.1 Introduction Objectives 5.2 GIS Data Models Raster Data Models Vector Data Models Comparison of Raster and Vector
More informationRaster GIS. Raster GIS 11/1/2015. The early years of GIS involved much debate on raster versus vector - advantages and disadvantages
Raster GIS Google Earth image (raster) with roads overlain (vector) Raster GIS The early years of GIS involved much debate on raster versus vector - advantages and disadvantages 1 Feb 21, 2010 MODIS satellite
More informationLongley Chapter 3. Representations
Longley Chapter 3 Digital Geographic Data Representation Geographic Data Type Data Models Representing Spatial and Temporal Data Attributes The Nature of Geographic Data Representations Are needed to convey
More informationGEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS Lecture 25: 3D Analyst
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS Lecture 25: 3D Analyst 3D Analyst - 3D Analyst is an ArcGIS extension designed to work with TIN data (triangulated irregular network) - many of the tools in 3D Analyst also
More informationQUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR. ORTHOPHOTO & LiDAR AOT
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR ORTHOPHOTO & LiDAR AOT Question# 1. Section 3.2 Will the imagery be clipped to the 1000m boundary? If so, what color will be used for null valued pixels? Yes, the imagery will be
More informationAlaska Department of Transportation Roads to Resources Project LiDAR & Imagery Quality Assurance Report Juneau Access South Corridor
Alaska Department of Transportation Roads to Resources Project LiDAR & Imagery Quality Assurance Report Juneau Access South Corridor Written by Rick Guritz Alaska Satellite Facility Nov. 24, 2015 Contents
More informationGIS in agriculture scale farm level - used in agricultural applications - managing crop yields, monitoring crop rotation techniques, and estimate
Types of Input GIS in agriculture scale farm level - used in agricultural applications - managing crop yields, monitoring crop rotation techniques, and estimate soil loss from individual farms or agricultural
More informationExercise Computer graphics (till October 30, 2007)
(till October 30, 2007) Ordered dithering Ordered dithering meant that a gray value is approximated by different patterns like these: Solution: Like in the dithering example which only took black and white
More informationGEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS Lecture 02: Feature Types and Data Models
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS Lecture 02: Feature Types and Data Models Feature Types and Data Models How Does a GIS Work? - a GIS operates on the premise that all of the features in the real world can
More informationManaging Imagery and Raster Data Using Mosaic Datasets
2013 Esri International User Conference July 8 12, 2013 San Diego, California Technical Workshop Managing Imagery and Raster Data Using Mosaic Datasets Hong Xu, Prashant Mangtani Esri UC2013. Technical
More informationGeoreferencing & Spatial Adjustment 2/13/2018
Georeferencing & Spatial Adjustment The Problem Aligning Raster and Vector Data to the Real World How are geographically unregistered data, either raster or vector, made to align with data that exist in
More informationPurpose: To explore the raster grid and vector map element concepts in GIS.
GIS INTRODUCTION TO RASTER GRIDS AND VECTOR MAP ELEMENTS c:wou:nssi:vecrasex.wpd Purpose: To explore the raster grid and vector map element concepts in GIS. PART A. RASTER GRID NETWORKS Task A- Examine
More informationImage georeferencing is the process of developing a model to transform from pixel coordinates into GIS coordinates such as meters on the ground.
Image georeferencing is the process of developing a model to transform from pixel coordinates into GIS coordinates such as meters on the ground. Image rectification is the process of using your georeferencing
More informationCreating raster DEMs and DSMs from large lidar point collections. Summary. Coming up with a plan. Using the Point To Raster geoprocessing tool
Page 1 of 5 Creating raster DEMs and DSMs from large lidar point collections ArcGIS 10 Summary Raster, or gridded, elevation models are one of the most common GIS data types. They can be used in many ways
More informationData Representation From 0s and 1s to images CPSC 101
Data Representation From 0s and 1s to images CPSC 101 Learning Goals After the Data Representation: Images unit, you will be able to: Recognize and translate between binary and decimal numbers Define bit,
More informationThe Problem. Georeferencing & Spatial Adjustment. Nature Of The Problem: For Example: Georeferencing & Spatial Adjustment 9/20/2016
Georeferencing & Spatial Adjustment Aligning Raster and Vector Data to the Real World The Problem How are geographically unregistered data, either raster or vector, made to align with data that exist in
More informationv Importing Rasters SMS 11.2 Tutorial Requirements Raster Module Map Module Mesh Module Time minutes Prerequisites Overview Tutorial
v. 11.2 SMS 11.2 Tutorial Objectives This tutorial teaches how to import a Raster, view elevations at individual points, change display options for multiple views of the data, show the 2D profile plots,
More informationGeoreferencing in ArcGIS
Georeferencing in ArcGIS Georeferencing In order to position images on the surface of the earth, they need to be georeferenced. Images are georeferenced by linking unreferenced features in the image with
More informationDATA MODELS IN GIS. Prachi Misra Sahoo I.A.S.R.I., New Delhi
DATA MODELS IN GIS Prachi Misra Sahoo I.A.S.R.I., New Delhi -110012 1. Introduction GIS depicts the real world through models involving geometry, attributes, relations, and data quality. Here the realization
More informationImage Services for Elevation Data
Image Services for Elevation Data Peter Becker Need for Elevation Using Image Services for Elevation Data sources Creating Elevation Service Requirement: GIS and Imagery, Integrated and Accessible Field
More informationCMPT 365 Multimedia Systems. Media Compression - Image
CMPT 365 Multimedia Systems Media Compression - Image Spring 2017 Edited from slides by Dr. Jiangchuan Liu CMPT365 Multimedia Systems 1 Facts about JPEG JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group International
More informationLecture 8 JPEG Compression (Part 3)
CS 414 Multimedia Systems Design Lecture 8 JPEG Compression (Part 3) Klara Nahrstedt Spring 2012 Administrative MP1 is posted Today Covered Topics Hybrid Coding: JPEG Coding Reading: Section 7.5 out of
More informationA Second Look at DEM s
A Second Look at DEM s Overview Detailed topographic data is available for the U.S. from several sources and in several formats. Perhaps the most readily available and easy to use is the National Elevation
More informationIMAGE COMPRESSION. Image Compression. Why? Reducing transportation times Reducing file size. A two way event - compression and decompression
IMAGE COMPRESSION Image Compression Why? Reducing transportation times Reducing file size A two way event - compression and decompression 1 Compression categories Compression = Image coding Still-image
More informationTerrain correction. Backward geocoding. Terrain correction and ortho-rectification. Why geometric terrain correction? Rüdiger Gens
Terrain correction and ortho-rectification Terrain correction Rüdiger Gens Why geometric terrain correction? Backward geocoding remove effects of side looking geometry of SAR images necessary step to allow
More informationLab 11: Terrain Analyses
Lab 11: Terrain Analyses What You ll Learn: Basic terrain analysis functions, including watershed, viewshed, and profile processing. There is a mix of old and new functions used in this lab. We ll explain
More informationLogo & Icon. Fit Together Logo (color) Transome Logo (black and white) Quick Reference Print Specifications
GRAPHIC USAGE GUIDE Logo & Icon The logo files on the Fit Together logos CD are separated first by color model, and then by file format. Each version is included in a small and large size marked by S or
More informationMeasure the Perimeter of Polygons Over a Surface. Operations. What Do I Need?
Measure the Perimeter of Polygons Over a Surface Operations What Do I Need? Incremental Frontage Score To measure the perimeter of polygons over a surface you need to have two input map layers. The first
More informationPOSITIONING A PIXEL IN A COORDINATE SYSTEM
GEOREFERENCING AND GEOCODING EARTH OBSERVATION IMAGES GABRIEL PARODI STUDY MATERIAL: PRINCIPLES OF REMOTE SENSING AN INTRODUCTORY TEXTBOOK CHAPTER 6 POSITIONING A PIXEL IN A COORDINATE SYSTEM The essential
More informationTerrain and Imagery Tutorial. Contents. By: Brian Zager
Terrain and Imagery Tutorial By: Brian Zager http://www.zagerdesign.com/golf_design/ This tutorial provides and overview on how terrain data and overhead imagery are used to create real courses or courses
More informationDEM Artifacts: Layering or pancake effects
Outcomes DEM Artifacts: Stream networks & watersheds derived using ArcGIS s HYDROLOGY routines are only as good as the DEMs used. - Both DEM examples below have problems - Lidar and SRTM DEM products are
More informationTechnical Specifications
1 Contents INTRODUCTION...3 ABOUT THIS LAB...3 IMPORTANCE OF THIS MODULE...3 EXPORTING AND IMPORTING DATA...4 VIEWING PROJECTION INFORMATION...5...6 Assigning Projection...6 Reprojecting Data...7 CLIPPING/SUBSETTING...7
More informationDigital Image Representation Image Compression
Digital Image Representation Image Compression 1 Image Representation Standards Need for compression Compression types Lossless compression Lossy compression Image Compression Basics Redundancy/redundancy
More informationAlgorithms for GIS csci3225
Algorithms for GIS csci3225 Laura Toma Bowdoin College Spatial data types and models Spatial data in GIS satellite imagery planar maps surfaces networks point cloud (LiDAR) Spatial data in GIS satellite
More informationAlgorithms for GIS. Spatial data: Models and representation (part I) Laura Toma. Bowdoin College
Algorithms for GIS Spatial data: Models and representation (part I) Laura Toma Bowdoin College Outline Spatial data in GIS applications Point data Networks Terrains Planar maps and meshes Data structures
More informationTutorial 1: Downloading elevation data
Tutorial 1: Downloading elevation data Objectives In this exercise you will learn how to acquire elevation data from the website OpenTopography.org, project the dataset into a UTM coordinate system, and
More informationGIS-Generated Street Tree Inventory Pilot Study
GIS-Generated Street Tree Inventory Pilot Study Prepared for: MSGIC Meeting Prepared by: Beth Schrayshuen, PE Marla Johnson, GISP 21 July 2017 Agenda 2 Purpose of Street Tree Inventory Pilot Study Evaluation
More informationGIS Data Models. 4/9/ GIS Data Models
GIS Data Models 1 Conceptual models of the real world The real world can be described using two conceptually different models: 1. As discrete objects, possible to represent as points, lines or polygons.
More informationLSGI 521: Principles of GIS. Lecture 5: Spatial Data Management in GIS. Dr. Bo Wu
Lecture 5: Spatial Data Management in GIS Dr. Bo Wu lsbowu@polyu.edu.hk Department of Land Surveying & Geo-Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Contents 1. Learning outcomes 2. From files to
More informationAerial Photo Rectification
Aerial Photo Rectification ERDAS Imagine 2016 Description: We will be using ERDAS Imagine to georeference aerial photos to a DOQ image. We will try to achieve this with a total RMS (root mean square) error
More informationIntroduction to LiDAR
Introduction to LiDAR Our goals here are to introduce you to LiDAR data. LiDAR data is becoming common, provides ground, building, and vegetation heights at high accuracy and detail, and is available statewide.
More informationThe Extraction of Lineaments Using Slope Image Derived from Digital Elevation Model: Case Study of Sungai Lembing Maran area, Malaysia.
Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 6(11): 1745-1751, 2010 2010, INSInet Publication The Extraction of Lineaments Using Slope Image Derived from Digital Elevation Model: Case Study of Sungai Lembing
More informationTechnical Considerations and Best Practices in Imagery and LiDAR Project Procurement
Technical Considerations and Best Practices in Imagery and LiDAR Project Procurement Presented to the 2014 WV GIS Conference By Brad Arshat, CP, EIT Date: June 4, 2014 Project Accuracy A critical decision
More informationAn Introduction to Lidar & Forestry May 2013
An Introduction to Lidar & Forestry May 2013 Introduction to Lidar & Forestry Lidar technology Derivatives from point clouds Applied to forestry Publish & Share Futures Lidar Light Detection And Ranging
More information8 Geographers Tools: Automated Mapping. Digitizing a Map IMPORTANT 2/19/19. v Tues., Feb. 26, 2019.
Next Class: FIRST EXAM v Tues., Feb. 26, 2019. Combination of multiple choice questions and map interpretation. Bring a #2 pencil with eraser. Based on class lectures supplementing Chapter 1. Review lectures
More informationBharath Setturu Research scholar, EWRG, Center for Ecological Sciences, IISc, Bangalore & EWRG-CES IIIT-HYDERABAD
Bharath Setturu Research scholar, EWRG, Center for Ecological Sciences, IISc, Bangalore settur@ces.iisc.ernet.in & IIIT-HYDERABAD Introduction to QGIS oquantum GIS (QGIS) is a GIS tool for managing geographical
More informationRaster GIS applications
Raster GIS applications Columns Rows Image: cell value = amount of reflection from surface DEM: cell value = elevation (also slope/aspect/hillshade/curvature) Thematic layer: cell value = category or measured
More informationImagery and Raster Data in ArcGIS. Abhilash and Abhijit
Imagery and Raster Data in ArcGIS Abhilash and Abhijit Agenda Imagery in ArcGIS Mosaic datasets Raster processing ArcGIS is a Comprehensive Imagery System Integrating All Types, Sources, and Sensor Models
More informationLab 11: Terrain Analyses
Lab 11: Terrain Analyses What You ll Learn: Basic terrain analysis functions, including watershed, viewshed, and profile processing. There is a mix of old and new functions used in this lab. We ll explain
More information3 Data Storage 3.1. Foundations of Computer Science Cengage Learning
3 Data Storage 3.1 Foundations of Computer Science Cengage Learning Objectives After studying this chapter, the student should be able to: List five different data types used in a computer. Describe how
More informationConverting AutoCAD Map 2002 Projects to ArcGIS
Introduction This document outlines the procedures necessary for converting an AutoCAD Map drawing containing topologies to ArcGIS version 9.x and higher. This includes the export of polygon and network
More informationConservation Applications of LiDAR. Terrain Analysis. Workshop Exercises
Conservation Applications of LiDAR Terrain Analysis Workshop Exercises 2012 These exercises are part of the Conservation Applications of LiDAR project a series of hands on workshops designed to help Minnesota
More informationLecture 8 JPEG Compression (Part 3)
CS 414 Multimedia Systems Design Lecture 8 JPEG Compression (Part 3) Klara Nahrstedt Spring 2011 Administrative MP1 is posted Extended Deadline of MP1 is February 18 Friday midnight submit via compass
More informationMaps as Numbers. Maps as Numbers. Chapter 3: Maps as Numbers 14SND Getting Started with GIS Chapter 3
Maps as Numbers Getting Started with GIS Chapter 3 Chapter 3: Maps as Numbers 3.1 Representing Maps as Numbers 3.2 Structuring Attributes 3.3 Structuring Maps 3.4 Why Topology Matters 3.5 Formats for GIS
More information8 Geographers Tools: Automated Mapping. Digitizing a Map 2/19/19 IMPORTANT. Revising a Digitized Map. The Digitized Map. vtues., Feb. 26, 2019.
Next Class: FIRST EXAM 8 Geographers Tools: Automated Mapping vtues., Feb. 26, 2019. Combination of multiple choice questions and map interpretation. Bring a #2 pencil with eraser. Based on class lectures
More information