What is Computer Graphics? (2/2) What is Computer Graphics? (1/2) What is Interactive Computer Graphics? (1/3)
|
|
- Patrick Lewis
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 What is Computer Graphics? (1/2) Computer graphics is commonly understood to mean the creation, storage and manipulation of models and images. Such models come from a diverse and expanding set of fields including physical, mathematical, artistic, biological, and even conceptual (abstract) structures. What is Computer Graphics? (2/2) The term computer graphics was coined in 1960 by William Fetter to describe new design methods he was pursuing at Boeing. He created a series of widely reproduced images on a plotter exploring cockpit design using a 3D model of a human body. Frame from an animation by William Latham, shown at SIGGRAPH Latham uses rules that govern growth patterns of natural forms to create his artwork. Perhaps the best way to define computer graphics is to find out what it is not. It is not a machine. It is not a computer, nor a group of computer programs. It is not the know-how of a graphic designer, a programmer, a writer, a motion picture specialist, or a reproduction specialist. Computer graphics is all these -- a consciously managed and documented technology directed toward communicating information accurately and descriptively. Computer Graphics, by William A. Fetter, 1966 Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 1/57 Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 2/57 What is Interactive Computer Graphics? (1/3) User controls contents, structure, and appearance of objects and their displayed images via rapid visual feedback Basic components of an interactive graphics system input (e.g., mouse, tablet and stylus, force feedback device, scanner...) processing (and storage) display/output (e.g., screen, paper-based printer, video recorder...) First truly interactive graphics system, Sketchpad, pioneered at MIT by Ivan Sutherland for his 1963 Ph.D. thesis. What is Interactive Computer Graphics? (2/3) Before Sketchpad, output via plotters/ printers, input via keypunch, both in batch Batch (1950s - now) Card punching (left). The IBM 704 (right) took up a whole room and had less computing power than a Mac Plus. Cool facts: Whirlwind, built in the early 50 s at MIT, cost $4.5 million and could perform 40,000 additions/second. Mac 512K, list price $3,195 in 1984, could do 500,000. Today, high-end processors approaching one billion operations/second (peak). Sketchpad in Note the use of a CRT monitor, light pen and function-key panel. Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 3/57 Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 4/57
2 What is Interactive Computer Graphics? (3/3) Almost all the key elements of an interactive graphics system are expressed in the first paragraph of Sutherland s thesis, entitled, Sketchpad, A Man-Machine Graphical Communication System: The Sketchpad system uses drawing as a novel communication medium for a computer. The system contains input, output, and computation programs which enable it to interpret information drawn directly on a computer display. Sketchpad has shown the most usefulness as an aid to the understanding of processes, such as the motion of linkages, which can be described with pictures. Sketchpad also makes it easy to draw highly repetitive or highly accurate drawings and to change drawings previously drawn with it... (1963) Today, still use batch mode for final production-quality video and film Environmental (R)evolution (1/6) Graphics in Context Graphics has been a key enabling technology in the evolution of computing environments: graphical user interfaces visual computing, e.g., desktop publishing, scientific visualization, information visualization Hardware revolution drives everything every 18 months, computer power improves by factor of 2 in price/performance - Moore s Law -wristwatch computer -Hallmark singing card Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 5/57 Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 6/57 Environment (R)evolution (2/6) Character Displays (1960s - now) Display: text plus alphamosaic pseudographics Object and command specification: command line typing Control over appearance: coding for text formatting (.p = paragraph,.i 5 = indent 5) Application control: single task Environment (R)evolution (3/6) Vector Displays ( s) Display: line drawings and stroke text; 2D and 3D transformation hardware Object and command specification: command-line typing, function keys, menus Control over appearance: pseudo WSIWG Application control: single or multitasked, host-satellite distributed computing Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 7/57 Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 8/57
3 Environment (R)evolution (4/6) 2D bitmap raster displays for PCs and workstations (1972 at erox PARC- now) Display: windows, icons, legible text and flat earth graphics. Note: late 60 s saw first use of raster graphics, especially for flight simulators. Object and command specification: minimal typing via WIMP (Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointing) GUI (Graphical User Interface): point-and-click selection of menu items and objects, widgets and direct manipulation (e.g., drag and drop), the messy desktop metaphor Control over appearance: WSIWG (and WSIAG) Application control: multitasking, networked client-server computation and window management (even terminals) Environment (R)evolution (5/6) 3D graphics workstations (1984 at SGI - now) Display: real-time, pseudo-realistic images of 3D scenes Object and command specification: 2D, 3D and nd input devices (controlling 3+ degrees of freedom) and force feedback haptic devices for point-and-click, widgets, and direct manipulation Control over appearance: WSIWG (and WSIAG) Application control: multi-tasking, networked (client/server) computation and window management Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 9/57 Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 10/57 Environment (R)evolution (6/6) Classical time-sharing is dead 1:n n:1 PCs and Workstations merging in distributed heterogeneous computer networks (e.g., LANs, WANs, Internet) But file-, print- and compute-servers and network are shared Client/server computing, component software technologies are dominant paradigms NC s (Network Computers), thin clients attached to powerful servers reprise dumb terminals and provide central control New Forms of Computing: 1990s - (1/2) Multimedia: text and graphics synchronized with sound and video Hypermedia: multimedia with links (also called Interactive Multimedia) Digital Convergence : merging of digital television and distributed computing, consumer electronics: set-top computers (e.g., for Interactive TV, Video-On-Demand), telecomputers - flash in the pan The Internet and Internet appliances Embedded computing (information appliances, Personal Digital Assistants) Ubiquitous computing, active badges à la erox PARC Virtual Reality: desktop ( fishtank ) VR, immersive VR (via Head-mounted Displays, Cave, Responsive Workbench), augmented VR (via video see-through optics) Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 11/57 Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 12/57
4 New Forms of Computing: 1990s - (2/2) New Interaction technology Inexpensive interaction devices from research lab into marketplace makes 2D and 3D graphics no longer special 3D (even time-varying, 4D ) interactive illustrations as clip art/clip models coming soon Kids using computer graphics with joysticks, game controller; VR games and rides with HMD and force-feedback input devices New forms of user-interface 3D Widgets, gesture-based ( Sketch ); VR demands new interaction technology Social interfaces (Microsoft s Bob bombed) Powerful, Inexpensive Processing Chips are key in graphics subsystems Advances driven by Moore s Law price/performance improves 2x every 18 months due to doubling of number of devices only exponential in technology except for growth of WWW (and this one will die out first) CPU MIPS Technologies MIPS Sun UltraSPARC IBM/Apple/Motorola Power PC Intel Pentium Intel/Compaq Alpha Graphics subsystems SGI, Sun, HP, Evans & Sutherland chip vendors for games and set-top boxes and for PC boards Sun s VIS and Intel s MM/KNI instructions add multimedia support to main processor; in the future 3D graphics in every chip Agents/knowbots for indirect control Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 13/57 Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 14/57 Use of Chip Technology Advances in Games & Commodity Graphics Cards New game platforms and set-top boxes use high-end processors (64-bit architectures, great graphics capabilities) Sony Playstation SGI/Nintendo 64 3dfx Voodoo2 nvidia TNT processor Significant advances in commodity graphics chips every 6 months, outrunning CPU chip advances Seriously threatening high-end workstations Application Distinctions Two basic paradigms Sampled-based graphics: discrete samples are used to describe visual information pixels can be created by digitizing images, using a sample-based painting program, etc. often some aspect of the physical world is sampled for visualization, e.g., temperature across the US example programs: Adobe Photoshop, The GIMP (on UNI) Geometry-based graphics: a geometrical model is created, along with various attributes, and is then sampled for visualization (this process is called rendering) often some aspect of the physical world is visually simulated, or synthesized example programs: Adobe Illustrator, Claris s MacDraw, Autodesk s AutoCAD and Studio 3D, Alias Wavefront Studio and Maya, SoftImage 3D Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 15/57 Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 16/57
5 Sampled-based Graphics (1/2) Images are made up of a grid of discrete pixels for 2D picture elements Mathematical pixel grid CRT beam illumination pattern LCD display light intensity 1 pixel NB: Can t resolve adjacent pixels on CRT Pixels are point locations with associated sample values, usually of light intensities/ colors. Sample-based Graphics (2/2) Samples can be created directly in a paint-type program, or as result of sampling continuous (analog) visual materials. E.g, a continuous image, such as a photograph, can be sampled (light intensity/color measured at regular intervals) with many devices including: flatbed and drum scanners digital still and motion (video) cameras add-on boards such as frame grabbers Sample values can also be input numerically (e.g., with numbers from a computed dataset) Once an image is defined as a pixel-array, it can be manipulated image editing describes changes made by a user to an image, such as cutting and pasting sections, using brush-type tools, and processing selected areas. image processing describes algorithmic operations that are performed on an image (or preselected portion of an image) without user intervention. These include such operations as blurring, sharpening, edge-detection, color balancing, rotating and warping. Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 17/57 Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 18/57 Sampling an Image Lets do some sampling of the CIT building The 3D scene What s the Advantage? Once the image is defined in terms of colors at (x, y) locations on the grid, changes to the image can easily be made by altering location or color values E.g., if we reverse our mapping above and make 10 = white and 0 = black, the image would look like this: A color value is measured at every grid point and used to color a corresponding grid square 0 = white 5 = gray 10 = black Pixel information from one image can be copied and pasted into another. Note: this poor sampling and image reconstruction method creates a blocky image Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 19/57 Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 20/57
6 What s the Disadvantage WSIWG (What ou See Is What ou Get): There is no additional information no depth information can t examine scene from a different point of view at most can play with the individual pixels or groups of pixels to change colors, enchance contrast, find edges, etc. Examples of 2D Image Manipulation (1/3) There are many things one can do with sampled images: uses of computer imaging range from military applications to entertainment, medicine, art, and design. The news: digitally enhanced images are more and more common. Usually just sharpening, color balancing, but sometimes a lot more National Geographic s Pyramid cover TV Guide s Oprah cover Time Magazine s O.J. Simpson cover Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 21/57 Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 22/57 Examples (2/3) Movies: People can now mutate into other people or objects through morphing, and can carry on conversations in different times and places Michael Jackson s Black or White music video Forrest Gump, Jurassic Park, Twister, etc. [video clip] Examples (3/3) In artwork the processes and techniques of photography and painting are merging in the art of digital imaging Michele Turre: the artist, her daughter, and her mother, all at 3 years of age The belief in a very strong connection between photorealistic images, still or moving, and reality is being severed no way to tell if news photos are real photographs photographic evidence no longer considered proof in a court of law without clear provenance of the image future of the family photo album? This course emphasizes geometry-based graphics but we do one assignment on samplebased graphics to learn simple image processing. image processing in general includes image transformation, feature detection, pattern recognition, machine vision Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 23/57 Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 24/57
7 Geometry-Based Graphics Geometry-based graphics applications store mathematical descriptions, or models, of geometric elements (lines, polygons, polyhedrons...) and their associated attributes (e.g., color, material properties). These elements are primitive geometric shapes, primitives for short. Images are created as pixel arrays (via sampling of the geometry) for viewing, but are not stored as part of the model. Images of many different views can be generated from the same model. One cannot usually work directly with the individual pixels in a geometry-based program; one manipulates the geometric elements, then they are resampled and redisplayed. What is Geometric Modeling? What is a model? Captures the salient features (data, behavior) of the thing/phenomenon being modeled -data includes geometry, appearance attributes... -note similarity to OOP notions Abstract: no inherent geometry, but for visualization organizational (e.g., company org. chart) quantitative (e.g., graph of stock market data) Real: some geometry inherent physical (e.g., actual object such as a pump) non-physical (e.g., mathematical function, weather data) Modeling is coping with complexity Our focus: modeling and viewing simple everyday objects Consider this: Through 3D computer graphics, for the first time in human history we have abstract, easily changeable 3D forms. This has revolutionized the working process of many fields -- science, engineering, industrial design, architecture, commerce, entertainment, etc. Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 25/57 Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 26/57 Lecture Topics Primitive shapes are manipulated with geometric transformations (translation, rotation, scale). These transformations are essential for model organization, the process of composing complex objects from simpler components. Hierarchical models and the same geometric transformations are also essential for animation. Once the objects geometry is established, they must be viewed on a screen. But viewing 3D object descriptions on a 2D screen presents a challenge: we must map from 3D to 2D for viewing and from 2D to 3D for 2D input devices (e.g., the mouse). In the process of mapping from 3D to 2D, object (surface) material properties and lighting effects are used in rendering one s constructions. The rendering process is also called image synthesis. Model Layout and Component Relationships (1/2) Spatial Layout of Sparc10 (Ultra is similar) VRAM Sun G Display processor LSI Logic S-bus monitor P-bus LSI Logic Super Sparc Microprocessor TM5390 Cache Controller Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 27/57 Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 28/57
8 Model Layout and Component Relationships (2/2) Connectivity and composition of components of a Sparc10 (DAG) floppy drive system I/O bus SS10 CPU hard memory bus drive RAM video subsystem keyboard serial port mouse Application-specific data, also called manufacturer s data (from parts catalogue) -capacities (feeds and speeds) and performance data thermal characteristics... manufacturing process information Information for Image Synthesis lighting surface properties: reflectance and luminosity of surfaces Decomposition of a Geometric Model Divide and Conquer Hierarchy of geometrical components Reduction to primitives (e.g., spheres, cubes, etc.) Simple vs. not-so-simple elements (nail vs. screw) Head Shaft Point composition decomposition Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 29/57 Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 30/57 Hierarchical (Tree) Diagram of Nail The object to be modeled is (visually) analyzed, and then decomposed into collections of primitive shapes. The tree diagram provides a visual method of expressing the composed of relationships of the model. Composition of a Geometric Model Translate Translate and Scale Nail root node Head (cylinder) Body Translate and Rotate Shaft (cylinder) Point (cone) leaf nodes Primitives Composition tree diagram Such diagrams are sometimes part of 3D program interfaces (high-end, e.g., Alias Wavefront Studio). Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 31/57 The primitives created in the decomposition process must be assembled to create the final object. This is done with affine transformations, T, R, S (as in the example above). Other composition operators will be discussed later (e.g., Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) with Boolean operators). Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 32/57
9 What Kind of Math do We Need? Cartesian Coordinates Typically modeling space is floating point, screen space is integer Primitives in 2D and 3D (1/4) Lines (x 1, y 1 ) (x 1, y 1, z 1 ) (x o, y o ) (x o, y o, z o ) R point at (2, 3) pixel at (2.1, 3.1) Polylines (x, y) (x, y, z) x, y Cartesian grid Integer grid NB: Often, screen coordinates are measured top to bottom (0, 0) Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 33/57 Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 34/57 Primitives in 2D and 3D (2/4) Rectangles (x, y, z) (x, y) Primitives in 2D and 3D (3/4) Circles Spheres (x, y) (x, y, z) (x, y, z) Cubes (cuboids) Polygons (x, y) Polyhedra (x, y, z) Cylinders (x, y, z) Cones (x, y, z) Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 35/57 Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 36/57
10 Primitives in 2D and 3D (4/4) Curves Patches (x, y) (x, y, z) Conceptual Framework for Interactive Graphics Graphics library/package (e.g., GP, OpenGl) is intermediary between application and the display hardware Application program maps application objects to views (images) of those objects by calling on graphics library User interaction results in modification of model and/or image Splines are parametric polynomials, not functions e.g., Bezier curves used for objects, character outlines allows description of intersecting curves and surfaces, infinite slopes Images are usually means to an end: synthesis, design, manufacturing, visualization,... This framework is 3 decades old but is still useful, indeed dominant xt () = a x t 3 + b x t 2 + c x t + d x Application model Application program Graphics system yt () = a y t 3 + b y t 2 + c y t + d y zt () = a z t 3 + b z t 2 + c z t + d z Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 37/57 Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 38/57 Graphics Library Primitives Attributes color line style... material properties for 3D Lights Transformations Immediate mode vs. retained mode immediate mode: no stored representation, package holds only attribute state, and application must completely draw each frame retained mode: library compiles and displays from a scene graph Sample- vs. Geometry-Based (1/2) Flat Earth bitmap painting - sample-based diddle pixels in integer device coordinates text, paint, 2D shapes,... RasterOp/BitBlt QuickDraw, lib, Motif, AWT, Win32 GDI 2D and 3D drawing and design (e.g. CAD) - geometric model-based editable objects in floating point World Coordinates no pixels to diddle hi-level logical input devices; event queues, time stamps Vector graphics libraries (obsolete) -Plot 10, Core, GKS Raster graphics libraries -Display PostScript (2D, Adobe) -OpenGL (SGI, OpenGL consortium) -DirectDraw, Direct3D (MS) -Fahrenheit (MS/SGI/HP) -Java 3D (Sun) Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 39/57 Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 40/57
11 Sample- vs. Geometry-Based (2/2) Higher level libraries OpenInventor (SGI) Performer (SGI) Fahrenheit Scene Graph (MS/SGI/HP) RenderMan (Pixar) Alias/Wavefront, SoftImage APIs (NB: APP API!) Window Systems reconcile objects and pixels (graphics library + tools/widgets) Mac OS, Windows 98, Windows System Interchange standards CGM, IGES VRML 2D Hardware/Algorithms Outline Display Hardware: Raster scan vs. random scan Drawing primitives by scan conversion lines polygons circles and ellipses characters attributes (color, line style, fill pattern...) Clipping to clip rectangle: three methods analytically compute intersections and draw clipped primitives test each pixel and write only if inside compute spans inside the primitive and fill entire span without testing BitBlt/RasterOp for operating on blocks of pixels Color table indirect specification of (pseudo) color color correction, simple types of animation Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 41/57 Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 42/57 Graphics Display Hardware Vector (calligraphic, stroke, random-scan) still used in plotters Vector Architecture Interface to Host Computer Display Commands Interaction Data Ideal Drawing Vector Drawing Raster (TV, bitmap, pixmap), used in displays and laser printers Raster MOVE LINE CHAR Lu cy LINE JMP Display Controller (DC) Lucy outline primitives filled primitives Refresh Buffer Vector display works with a display list/file stored in refresh buffer Display controller draws all vectors at 60 Hz (often at variable rate); flicker is a problem Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 43/57 Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 44/57
12 2D Raster Architecture Interface to Host Computer Display Commands Interaction Data Drawing Lines Ideal line Display Controller (DC) serial port, keyboard, mouse Refresh Buffer Video Controller For horizontal, vertical and diagonal lines all pixels lie on the ideal line: special case For lines at arbitrary angle, pick pixels closest to the ideal line (Bresenham s = midpoint scan conversion algorithm) For thick lines, use multiple pixels in each column or fill a rotated rectangle Raster display stores bitmap/pixmap in refresh buffer, also known as bitmap, frame buffer; can be in separate hardware (VRAM) or in CPU s main memory (DRAM) Video controller draws all scan-lines at consistent 60 Hz; separates update rate and refresh rate Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 45/57 Sampling a continuous line on a discrete grid introduces sampling errors: the jaggies Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 46/57 Drawing Filled Polygons Drawing Circles and Ellipses 1. Find intersection of scanline with polygon edges 2. Sort intersections by increasing x 3. Fill the polygon between pairs of intersections(spans) Scan line circle outline filled ellipse Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 47/57 Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 48/57
13 Thickness Attribute Thick circle drawn by tracing a rectangular pen Drawing Characters For characters defined by small bitmap selectively write pixels of refresh buffer corresponding to true bits of character bitmap transparent mode: don t write 0 s BitBlt with OR opaque mode: write background color for 0 s Descenders & proportional spacing easily accommodated Base line Treat such primitives as regions and fill them, e.g., approximate them as sequences of connected quadrilaterals Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 49/57 Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 50/57 Drawing Characters (cont.) Outline fonts: defined in terms of (mathematical) drawing primitives (lines, arcs, splines) and thus scalable, but more CPU intensive (e.g. PostScript, TrueType) 1-bit Bilevel Display N 1 video controller CRT M frame buffer Digital intensity value Digital to Analog Conversion (DAC) analog signal to drive electron beam Black & white (or any 2 colors, depending on the monitor phosphor color) Original Mac resolution was 512 x 384 pixels, now from 640x480 up to 1280x1024, even 3Kx3K. Our Suns are 1280x x1024 memory - 15 nanosec/pixel => 32 pixel chunks Frame buffer Address Address Data address address Set or increment Set or decrement Raster scan generator Pixel value DAC Video Controller Deflection Intensity Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 51/57 Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 52/57
14 n-bit Display Image Display System Look-up Table n N M frame buffer video controller CRT N n M 2 n LOOK- UP TABLE 24 CRT 2 n intensities or colors: 1 (grayscale) or 3 (color) DACs & guns 1000 line color monitors cost < $1,000 video controller Any specific 2 n colors may be inadequate (n typically 8-12 in low-end systems) Look-up table allows 2 n colors out of 2 24 colors to be used in one picture, some other 2 n in another picture 2 24 = apr million, exceeds eye s ability to discriminate (somewhere between 7-10 million) Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 53/57 Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 54/57 Color Look-Up Table Operation 7 N-1 0 R G B Pixel in memory 255 y x M-1 8-bit Frame Buffer } Color Table RED GREEN BLUE R G B 3 colors x 4 bits/col = 12 bits y pixel at (x, y) x CRT display BitBlt / RasterOp (1/2) Logically operate on rectangular regions in same or different pixmaps to achieve dynamics, e.g., to move/scroll windows on screen RasterOp (Source, Destination) Destination In some implementations either S or D may be masked, and need not be same size Pixel value is indexed to color look up table (CLUT) where color is stored. Here we use only 12 bits (4bits per color) for clarity - typically, 24bits are used CLUT look up done at video rates, overlapped with fetch and DAC! In 24-bit true color systems, 3 x 8 bits for R, G, B; each color has its own 8-bit CLUT (0-255) CLUT allows variety of effects pseudo coloring (LandSat images, stress diagrams, thermograms...) fast image changes: change table rather than stored image multiple images: select or composite/blend animation hack S D pixmap Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 55/57 Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 56/57
15 BitBlt / RasterOp (2/2) Replace (S,D): S destructively replaces D, i.e., is deleted and copied on top of D (also called Move); used for making opaque characters, icons, scroll Copy (S,D) as above, but S is not deleted OR (S,D): S is non-destructively added to D; used for painting, transparent and kerned characters (where characters extend beyond their boxes); not as useful in n-bit systems AND (S,D): S can mask out pixels in D OR (S,D): S selectively inverts D; used in 1-bit systems for rubberbanding/dragging, cheap cursors: S OR (S OR D) = D 0 = W, 1 = B OR = ; S D D' OR = S D' D Andries van Dam September 10,1998 Introduction 57/57
What is Computer Graphics?
What is Computer Graphics? Computer graphics is commonly understood to mean the creation, storage and manipulation of models and images. Such models come from a diverse and expanding set of fields including
More informationIntroduction. (Thanks to Professions Andries van Dam and John Hughes) CMSC 635 January 15, 2013 Introduction # /16
Introduction (Thanks to Professions Andries van Dam and John Hughes) What is Computer Graphics? Computer graphics generally means creation, storage and manipulation of models and images Such models come
More informationBooks: 1) Computer Graphics, Principles & Practice, Second Edition in C JamesD. Foley, Andriesvan Dam, StevenK. Feiner, John F.
Computer Graphics Books: 1) Computer Graphics, Principles & Practice, Second Edition in C JamesD. Foley, Andriesvan Dam, StevenK. Feiner, John F. Huges 2) Schaim s Outline Computer Graphics Roy A. Plastock,
More informationDevelopment of Computer Graphics
1951 Whirlwind, Jay Forrester (MIT) CRT displays mid 1950s SAGE air defense system command & control CRT, light pens late 1950s Computer Art, James Whitney Sr. Visual Feedback loops 1962 Sketchpad, Ivan
More informationIntroductionto ComputerGraphics
Introductionto ComputerGraphics Frédo Durand, «A Short Introduction to Computer Graphics» MIT Laboratory for Computer Science Torsten Möller «Introduction to Computer Graphic», SFU Computer Science Lecture
More informationINTRODUCTION. Computer Graphics
INTRODUCTION Computer Graphics 1 INTRODUCTION: THE OUTLINE I. Image Processing / Computer Graphics II. Advantages III. Representative Uses IV. Classification of Applications V. History VI. Conceptual Framework
More informationIntroduction. CS123: Introduction to Computer Graphics CS123 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER GRAPHICS. Andries van Dam
Introduction CS123: Introduction to Computer Graphics Still from Nintendo s Breath of the Wild, 2017 1/39 What is Computer Graphics? (1/2) Computer graphics generally means creation, storage and manipulation
More informationDevelopment of Computer Graphics. mid 1950s SAGE air defense system command & control CRT, light pens
1951 Whirlwind, Jay Forrester (MIT) CRT displays mid 1950s SAGE air defense system command & control CRT, light pens late 1950s Computer Art, James Whitney Sr. Visual Feedback loops 1962 Sketchpad, Ivan
More informationIntroduction to Computer Graphics
Introduction to 1.1 What is computer graphics? it would be difficult to overstate the importance of computer and communication technologies in our lives. Activities as wide-ranging as film making, publishing,
More informationComputer Graphics CS 543 Lecture 1 (Part I) Prof Emmanuel Agu. Computer Science Dept. Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI)
Computer Graphics CS 543 Lecture 1 (Part I) Prof Emmanuel Agu Computer Science Dept. Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) About This Course Computer graphics: algorithms, mathematics, data structures..
More informationGraphics Hardware and Display Devices
Graphics Hardware and Display Devices CSE328 Lectures Graphics/Visualization Hardware Many graphics/visualization algorithms can be implemented efficiently and inexpensively in hardware Facilitates interactive
More informationComputer Graphics and Visualization. What is computer graphics?
CSCI 120 Computer Graphics and Visualization Shiaofen Fang Department of Computer and Information Science Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis What is computer graphics? Computer graphics
More informationMMGD0206 Computer Graphics. Chapter 1 Development of Computer Graphics : History
MMGD0206 Computer Graphics Chapter 1 Development of Computer Graphics : History What is Computer Graphics? Computer graphics generally means creation, storage and manipulation of models and images Such
More informationComputer Graphics. Chapter 1 (Related to Introduction to Computer Graphics Using Java 2D and 3D)
Computer Graphics Chapter 1 (Related to Introduction to Computer Graphics Using Java 2D and 3D) Introduction Applications of Computer Graphics: 1) Display of Information 2) Design 3) Simulation 4) User
More informationAbout the Tutorial. Audience. Prerequisites. Copyright & Disclaimer. Computer Graphics
r About the Tutorial To display a picture of any size on a computer screen is a difficult process. Computer graphics are used to simplify this process. Various algorithms and techniques are used to generate
More information0. Introduction: What is Computer Graphics? 1. Basics of scan conversion (line drawing) 2. Representing 2D curves
CSC 418/2504: Computer Graphics Course web site (includes course information sheet): http://www.dgp.toronto.edu/~elf Instructor: Eugene Fiume Office: BA 5266 Phone: 416 978 5472 (not a reliable way) Email:
More informationBinghamton University. EngiNet. Thomas J. Watson. School of Engineering and Applied Science. State University of New York. EngiNet WARNING CS 560
Binghamton University EngiNet State University of New York EngiNet Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Science WARNING All rights reserved. No Part of this video lecture series may be reproduced
More informationAnimation & Rendering
7M836 Animation & Rendering Introduction, color, raster graphics, modeling, transformations Arjan Kok, Kees Huizing, Huub van de Wetering h.v.d.wetering@tue.nl 1 Purpose Understand 3D computer graphics
More informationComputer Graphics Lecture 2
1 / 16 Computer Graphics Lecture 2 Dr. Marc Eduard Frîncu West University of Timisoara Feb 28th 2012 2 / 16 Outline 1 Graphics System Graphics Devices Frame Buffer 2 Rendering pipeline 3 Logical Devices
More informationAbout Computer Graphics
COMPUTER GRAPHICS Graphics: Graphics are visual presentations on some surface such as wall, canvas, paper to inform or entertain. Examples are photographs, drwaing, graphs and symbols etc. Computer Graphics:
More informationBitmap and Vector Graphics (Introduction to Painting and Drawing applications)
COMPSCI 111 S1C - Lecture 14 1 of 8 Computer Science COMPSCI 111 S1C - Lecture 14 March 2004 Bitmap and Vector Graphics (Introduction to Painting and Drawing applications) Vector Graphics After computers
More informationIntroduction to Computer Graphics (CS602) Lecture No 03 Graphics Systems
Introduction to Computer Graphics (CS602) Lecture No 03 Graphics Systems 3.1 Raster-Scan Systems Interactive raster graphics systems typically employ several processing units. In addition to the CPU, a
More informationCHAPTER 1 Graphics Systems and Models 3
?????? 1 CHAPTER 1 Graphics Systems and Models 3 1.1 Applications of Computer Graphics 4 1.1.1 Display of Information............. 4 1.1.2 Design.................... 5 1.1.3 Simulation and Animation...........
More informationEF432. Introduction to spagetti and meatballs
EF432 Introduction to spagetti and meatballs CSC 418/2504: Computer Graphics Course web site (includes course information sheet): http://www.dgp.toronto.edu/~karan/courses/418/fall2015 Instructor: Karan
More informationMultimedia Technology CHAPTER 4. Video and Animation
CHAPTER 4 Video and Animation - Both video and animation give us a sense of motion. They exploit some properties of human eye s ability of viewing pictures. - Motion video is the element of multimedia
More informationCSE328 Fundamentals of Computer Graphics: Concepts, Theory, Algorithms, and Applications
CSE328 Fundamentals of Computer Graphics: Concepts, Theory, Algorithms, and Applications Hong Qin State University of New York at Stony Brook (Stony Brook University) Stony Brook, New York 11794--4400
More informationComputer Graphics - Chapter 1 Graphics Systems and Models
Computer Graphics - Chapter 1 Graphics Systems and Models Objectives are to learn about: Applications of Computer Graphics Graphics Systems Images: Physical and Synthetic The Human Visual System The Pinhole
More informationLecturer Athanasios Nikolaidis
Lecturer Athanasios Nikolaidis Computer Graphics: Graphics primitives 2D viewing and clipping 2D and 3D transformations Curves and surfaces Rendering and ray tracing Illumination models Shading models
More informationComputer Graphics 1 Instructor Information. Books. Graphics? Course Goals and Outcomes. Where are computer graphics? Where are computer graphics?
Computer Graphics 1 Instructor Information Books Instructor: Dr. Jessica Bayliss Office: 70-3509 Telephone: (585) 475-2507 Office Hours: see my web site Web page: www.cs.rit.edu/~jdb Teaching Philosophy:
More informationComputer Graphics. Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University
Computer Graphics Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University Introduction The Graphics Process Color Models Triangle Meshes The Rendering Pipeline 1 INPUT What is Computer Graphics? Definition the pictorial
More informationTopic 0. Introduction: What Is Computer Graphics? CSC 418/2504: Computer Graphics EF432. Today s Topics. What is Computer Graphics?
EF432 Introduction to spagetti and meatballs CSC 418/2504: Computer Graphics Course web site (includes course information sheet): http://www.dgp.toronto.edu/~karan/courses/418/ Instructors: L0101, W 12-2pm
More informationLecture 1: Introduction to Computer Graphics
Lecture 1: Introduction to Computer Graphics Bernhard Jung TU-BAF, Summer 26!"#$%&'( )*+!,,%,-./!%1,2 3,4%1 /+--,1,,(6( 3$$78-3%898 $! $/(7-3!$:$;%!/%!/!/?%!/= '?$*9 ;/;/@% %;%9/$/8
More informationSome Resources. What won t I learn? What will I learn? Topics
CSC 706 Computer Graphics Course basics: Instructor Dr. Natacha Gueorguieva MW, 8:20 pm-10:00 pm Materials will be available at www.cs.csi.cuny.edu/~natacha 1 midterm, 2 projects, 1 presentation, homeworks,
More informationImage Formation. Introduction to Computer Graphics. Machiraju/Zhang/Möller/Klaffenböck
Image Formation Introduction to Computer Graphics Machiraju/Zhang/Möller/Klaffenböck Today Input and displays of a graphics system Raster display basics: pixels, the frame buffer, raster scan, LCD displays
More informationKRISTU JYOTI COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION BANK BCA SEMESTER III Computer graphics Part A (2 marks questions)
KRISTU JYOTI COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION BANK 2018 BCA SEMESTER III Computer graphics Part A (2 marks questions) 1. What do mean by refreshing of a screen? 2. Define computer graphics 3.
More informationIntroduction to Computer Graphics. Knowledge basic concepts 2D and 3D computer graphics
Introduction to Computer Graphics Knowledge basic concepts 2D and 3D computer graphics 1 Introduction 2 Basic math 3 2D transformations 4 3D transformations 5 Viewing 6 Primitives 7 Geometry 8 Shading
More informationEF432. Introduction to spagetti and meatballs
EF432 Introduction to spagetti and meatballs CSC 418/2504: Computer Graphics Course web site (includes course information sheet): http://www.dgp.toronto.edu/~karan/courses/418/ Instructors: L2501, T 6-8pm
More information... Output System Layers. Application 2. Application 1. Application 3. Swing. UIKit SWT. Window System. Operating System
Output: Hardware Output System Layers Application 1 Application 2 Application 3 Swing SWT... UIKit Window System Operating System Hardware (e.g., graphics card) 2 Output Hardware 3 Start with some basics:
More informationOverview of Computer Graphics
Application of Computer Graphics UNIT- 1 Overview of Computer Graphics Computer-Aided Design for engineering and architectural systems etc. Objects maybe displayed in a wireframe outline form. Multi-window
More informationImage Formation. Introduction to Computer Graphics Torsten Möller. Machiraju/Zhang/Möller
Image Formation Introduction to Computer Graphics Torsten Möller Machiraju/Zhang/Möller Today Input and displays of a graphics system Raster display basics: pixels, the frame buffer, raster scan, LCD displays
More informationHow to draw and create shapes
Adobe Flash Professional Guide How to draw and create shapes You can add artwork to your Adobe Flash Professional documents in two ways: You can import images or draw original artwork in Flash by using
More informationLecture Week 4. Images
Lecture Week 4 Images Images can be used: As a backdrop behind text to create a pictorial framework for the text. As a background for the content. As an icon to represent options that can be selected.
More informationIntroduction to Computer Graphics. Overview. What is Computer Graphics?
INSTITUTIONEN FÖR SYSTEMTEKNIK LULEÅ TEKNISKA UNIVERSITET Introduction to Computer Graphics David Carr Fundamentals of Computer Graphics Spring 2004 Based on Slides by E. Angel Graphics 1 L Overview What
More informationCOMPUTER GRAPHICS. Computer Multimedia Systems Department Prepared By Dr Jamal Zraqou
COMPUTER GRAPHICS Computer Multimedia Systems Department Prepared By Dr Jamal Zraqou Introduction What is Computer Graphics? Applications Graphics packages What is Computer Graphics? Creation, Manipulation
More informationL1 - Introduction. Contents. Introduction of CAD/CAM system Components of CAD/CAM systems Basic concepts of graphics programming
L1 - Introduction Contents Introduction of CAD/CAM system Components of CAD/CAM systems Basic concepts of graphics programming 1 Definitions Computer-Aided Design (CAD) The technology concerned with the
More informationInstructor. Goals. Image Synthesis Examples. Applications. Foundations of Computer Graphics. Why Study 3D Computer Graphics?
Foundations of Computer Graphics Motivation: Why do we study 3D Graphics? http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~ravir Instructor http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~ravir PhD Stanford, 2002. PhD thesis developed Spherical
More informationOverview. Computer Graphics CS324. OpenGL. Books. Learning Resources. CS131 Notes. 30 Lectures 3hr Exam
Computer Graphics CS324 Dr Abhir Bhalerao Department of Computer Science University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL TJA 1999-2003, AHB 2004+ 30 Lectures 3hr Exam Overview Recommended books: Hearn and Baker,
More informationCH#1 Multimedia: interactive multimedia hypermedia. multimedia project. Multimedia title. linear, or starting nonlinear authoring tools
CH#1 Multimedia: is any combination of text, art, sound, animation, and video delivered to you by computer or other electronic or digitally manipulated means. When you allow an end user also known as the
More informationVALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603 203 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK M.E: CAD/CAM I SEMESTER ED5151 COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN DESIGN Regulation 2017 Academic
More informationCMP 477 Computer Graphics Module 2: Graphics Systems Output and Input Devices. Dr. S.A. Arekete Redeemer s University, Ede
CMP 477 Computer Graphics Module 2: Graphics Systems Output and Input Devices Dr. S.A. Arekete Redeemer s University, Ede Introduction The widespread recognition of the power and utility of computer graphics
More informationPunjab Technical University Bachelor in Mobile Computing & Internet Batch 2014 onwards THIRD SEMESTER
THIRD SEMESTER Review of DBMS: Punjab Technical University RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM BMCI301 Section A Basic DBMS terminology; Architecture of a DBMS: Data Independence - Physical and Logical
More informationWHAT IS BFA NEW MEDIA?
VISUAL & TYPE WEB & INTERACTIVE MOTION GRAPHICS DIGITAL IMAGING VIDEO DIGITAL PHOTO VECTOR DRAWING AUDIO To learn more and see three years of our best student work, please visit: webdesignnewmedia.com
More informationSAZ4C COMPUTER GRAPHICS. Unit : 1-5. SAZ4C Computer Graphics
SAZ4C COMPUTER GRAPHICS Unit : 1-5 1 UNIT :1 SYLLABUS Introduction to computer Graphics Video display devices Raster scan Systems Random Scan Systems Interactive input devices Hard copy devices Graphics
More informationCS 160: Lecture 10. Professor John Canny Spring 2004 Feb 25 2/25/2004 1
CS 160: Lecture 10 Professor John Canny Spring 2004 Feb 25 2/25/2004 1 Administrivia In-class midterm on Friday * Closed book (no calcs or laptops) * Material up to last Friday Lo-Fi Prototype assignment
More informationGraphics Systems and Models
Graphics Systems and Models 2 nd Week, 2007 Sun-Jeong Kim Five major elements Input device Processor Memory Frame buffer Output device Graphics System A Graphics System 2 Input Devices Most graphics systems
More informationNational Chiao Tung Univ, Taiwan By: I-Chen Lin, Assistant Professor
Computer Graphics 1. Graphics Systems National Chiao Tung Univ, Taiwan By: I-Chen Lin, Assistant Professor Textbook: Hearn and Baker, Computer Graphics, 3rd Ed., Prentice Hall Ref: E.Angel, Interactive
More informationComputer Graphics. Lecture 1 Introduction to Computer Graphics. Somsak Walairacht - Computer Engineering KMITL
Lecture 1 Introduction to Somsak Walairacht - Computer Engineering KMITL 1 Textbooks with OpenGL - 3Ed, Hearn & Baker, Prentice Hall, 2003. Most of the topics follow this book Interactive : A Top-Down
More informationSurvey in Computer Graphics Computer Graphics and Visualization
Example of a Marble Ball Where did this image come from? Fall 2010 What hardware/software/algorithms did we need to produce it? 2 A Basic Graphics System History of Computer Graphics 1200-2008 Input devices
More informationI N T R O D U C T I O N T O C O M P U T E R G R A P H I C S
3D Viewing: the Synthetic Camera Programmer s reference model for specifying 3D view projection parameters to the computer General synthetic camera (e.g., PHIGS Camera, Computer Graphics: Principles and
More informationDisplay Technologies: CRTs Raster Displays
Rasterization Display Technologies: CRTs Raster Displays Raster: A rectangular array of points or dots Pixel: One dot or picture element of the raster Scanline: A row of pixels Rasterize: find the set
More informationComputer Graphics. Instructor: Oren Kapah. Office Hours: T.B.A.
Computer Graphics Instructor: Oren Kapah (orenkapahbiu@gmail.com) Office Hours: T.B.A. The CG-IDC slides for this course were created by Toky & Hagit Hel-Or 1 CG-IDC 2 Exercise and Homework The exercise
More informationCS 4300 Computer Graphics. Prof. Harriet Fell Fall 2012 Lecture 5 September 13, 2012
CS 4300 Computer Graphics Prof. Harriet Fell Fall 2012 Lecture 5 September 13, 2012 1 Today s Topics Vectors review Shirley et al. 2.4 Rasters Shirley et al. 3.0-3.2.1 Rasterizing Lines Shirley et al.
More informationOutput models Drawing Rasterization Color models
Output models Drawing Rasterization olor models Fall 2004 6.831 UI Design and Implementation 1 Fall 2004 6.831 UI Design and Implementation 2 omponents Graphical objects arranged in a tree with automatic
More informationLine Drawing. Introduction to Computer Graphics Torsten Möller / Mike Phillips. Machiraju/Zhang/Möller
Line Drawing Introduction to Computer Graphics Torsten Möller / Mike Phillips Rendering Pipeline Hardware Modelling Transform Visibility Illumination + Shading Perception, Color Interaction Texture/ Realism
More informationComputer Graphics Introduction. Taku Komura
Computer Graphics Introduction Taku Komura What s this course all about? We will cover Graphics programming and algorithms Graphics data structures Applied geometry, modeling and rendering Not covering
More informationComputer Graphics Fundamentals. Jon Macey
Computer Graphics Fundamentals Jon Macey jmacey@bournemouth.ac.uk http://nccastaff.bournemouth.ac.uk/jmacey/ 1 1 What is CG Fundamentals Looking at how Images (and Animations) are actually produced in
More informationPoints and lines, Line drawing algorithms. Circle generating algorithms, Midpoint circle Parallel version of these algorithms
Jahangirabad Institute Of Technology Assistant Prof. Ankur Srivastava COMPUTER GRAPHICS Semester IV, 2016 MASTER SCHEDULE Unit-I Unit-II Class 1,2,3,4 Mon, Jan19,Tue20,Sat23,Mon 25 Class 5 Wed, Jan 27
More informationGoals. Computer Graphics (Fall 2008) Course Outline. Course Outline. Course Outline. Demo: Surreal and Crazy World (HW 3)
Computer Graphics (Fall 2008) COMS 4160, Lecture 1: Overview and History Ravi Ramamoorthi http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~cs4160 Goals Systems: Be able to write complex 3D graphics programs (real-time in OpenGL,
More information2D rendering takes a photo of the 2D scene with a virtual camera that selects an axis aligned rectangle from the scene. The photograph is placed into
2D rendering takes a photo of the 2D scene with a virtual camera that selects an axis aligned rectangle from the scene. The photograph is placed into the viewport of the current application window. A pixel
More information2D Drafting Redefined
Scan QR Code to Redirect to Product Page IRONCAD DRAFT XG is a powerful 2D design environment for creating, detailing, and editing production designs. This environment offers unrivaled compatibility with
More informationComputer Graphics. Attributes of Graphics Primitives. Somsak Walairacht, Computer Engineering, KMITL 1
Computer Graphics Chapter 4 Attributes of Graphics Primitives Somsak Walairacht, Computer Engineering, KMITL 1 Outline OpenGL State Variables Point Attributes t Line Attributes Fill-Area Attributes Scan-Line
More informationComputer Graphics and Visualization. Graphics Systems and Models
UNIT -1 Graphics Systems and Models 1.1 Applications of computer graphics: Display Of Information Design Simulation & Animation User Interfaces 1.2 Graphics systems A Graphics system has 5 main elements:
More informationUser Interface Design
User Interface Design & Development Lecture 07 Direct Manipulation João Pedro Sousa SWE 632 George Mason University today direct manipulation window UIs support for operations mouse, pen, eye tracking,
More informationComputer Graphics. Chapter 4 Attributes of Graphics Primitives. Somsak Walairacht, Computer Engineering, KMITL 1
Computer Graphics Chapter 4 Attributes of Graphics Primitives Somsak Walairacht, Computer Engineering, KMITL 1 Outline OpenGL State Variables Point Attributes Line Attributes Fill-Area Attributes Scan-Line
More informationThe Traditional Graphics Pipeline
Last Time? The Traditional Graphics Pipeline Reading for Today A Practical Model for Subsurface Light Transport, Jensen, Marschner, Levoy, & Hanrahan, SIGGRAPH 2001 Participating Media Measuring BRDFs
More informationHistory of Ubicomp. Page 1. Agenda. Why study history? Paradigms. Shwetak Patel. Review history of Ubicomp
CSE 599U Advanced Topics in Ubicomp History of Ubicomp Shwetak Patel Computer Science & Engineering Electrical Engineering Agenda Review history of Ubicomp Review the history of Human-Computer Interaction
More informationGraphics (Output) Primitives. Chapters 3 & 4
Graphics (Output) Primitives Chapters 3 & 4 Graphic Output and Input Pipeline Scan conversion converts primitives such as lines, circles, etc. into pixel values geometric description a finite scene area
More informationCore Graphics and OpenGL ES. Dr. Sarah Abraham
Core Graphics and OpenGL ES Dr. Sarah Abraham University of Texas at Austin CS329e Fall 2018 Core Graphics Apple s vector-drawing framework Previously known as Quartz or Quartz2D Includes handling for:
More informationChapter IV Fragment Processing and Output Merging. 3D Graphics for Game Programming
Chapter IV Fragment Processing and Output Merging Fragment Processing The per-fragment attributes may include a normal vector, a set of texture coordinates, a set of color values, a depth, etc. Using these
More informationGraphics in IT82. Representing Graphical Data. Graphics in IT82. Lectures Overview. Representing Graphical Data. Logical / Physical Representation
Graphics in IT82 What does computer graphics cover? Representing Graphical Data Chapman & Chapman, chapters 3,4,5 Richardson IT82 Input, output, and representation of graphical data Creation of graphics
More informationITEC185. Introduction to Digital Media
ITEC185 Introduction to Digital Media ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CC 2015 What is Adobe Illustrator? Adobe Illustrator is a program used by both artists and graphic designers to create vector images. These images
More informationThe Traditional Graphics Pipeline
Last Time? The Traditional Graphics Pipeline Participating Media Measuring BRDFs 3D Digitizing & Scattering BSSRDFs Monte Carlo Simulation Dipole Approximation Today Ray Casting / Tracing Advantages? Ray
More informationRepresenting Graphical Data
Representing Graphical Data Chapman & Chapman, chapters 3,4,5 Richardson 1 Graphics in IT82 What does computer graphics cover? IT82 Input, output, and representation of graphical data Creation of graphics
More informationMANUAL NO. OPS647-UM-151 USER S MANUAL
MANUAL NO. OPS647-UM-151 USER S MANUAL Software Usage Agreement Graphtec Corporation ( Graphtec ) hereby grants the purchaser and authorized User (the User ) the right to use the software (the Software
More informationOutput Primitives. Dr. S.M. Malaek. Assistant: M. Younesi
Output Primitives Dr. S.M. Malaek Assistant: M. Younesi Output Primitives Output Primitives: Basic geometric structures (points, straight line segment, circles and other conic sections, quadric surfaces,
More informationComputer Graphics Solved MCQs -Part 2 MCQs Questions
http://itbookshub.com/ Computer Graphics Solved MCQs -Part 2 MCQs Multiple Choice Questions Computer Graphics Solved MCQs -Part 2 Two consecutive scaling transformation s1 and s2 are Additive Multiplicative
More informationME COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN 2 MARKS Q&A
ME6501 - COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN 2 MARKS Q&A Unit I 1. What is CAD? Computer aided design (CAD) is the technology concerned with the use of computer systems to assist the creation,
More informationIntroduction. Chapter Computer Graphics
Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1. Computer Graphics Computer graphics has grown at an astounding rate over the last three decades. In the 1970s, frame-buffers capable of displaying digital images were rare and
More informationChapter 19: Multimedia
Ref. Page Slide 1/16 Learning Objectives In this chapter you will learn about: Multimedia Multimedia computer system Main components of multimedia and their associated technologies Common multimedia applications
More informationVisual HTML5. Human Information Interaction for Knowledge Extraction, Interaction, Utilization, Decision making HI-I-KEIUD
Visual HTML5 1 Overview HTML5 Building apps with HTML5 Visual HTML5 Canvas SVG Scalable Vector Graphics WebGL 2D + 3D libraries 2 HTML5 HTML5 to Mobile + Cloud = Java to desktop computing: cross-platform
More informationCourse Title: Computer Graphics Course no: CSC209
Course Title: Computer Graphics Course no: CSC209 Nature of the Course: Theory + Lab Semester: III Full Marks: 60+20+20 Pass Marks: 24 +8+8 Credit Hrs: 3 Course Description: The course coversconcepts of
More informationSir Sadiq s computer notes for class IX. Chapter no 3. Input/Output Devices
12 Q: What are Input Devices? Ans: Input Devices: Input devices are physical equipment that read or translate data consisting of alphabets, numbers or other symbols into electronic impulses, which can
More informationComputer Graphics. Hardware Pipeline. Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Prof. Donald P. Greenberg October 23, 2014 Lecture 16
Computer Graphics Hardware Pipeline Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Prof. Donald P. Greenberg October 23, 2014 Lecture 16 Moore s Law Chip density doubles every 18 months. Processing Power (P) in
More informationCS6504 & Computer Graphics Unit I Page 1
Introduction Computer contains two components. Computer hardware Computer hardware contains the graphics workstations, graphic input devices and graphic output devices. Computer Software Computer software
More informationCS 543: Computer Graphics. Introduction
CS 543: Computer Graphics Introduction Robert W. Lindeman Associate Professor Department of Computer Science Worcester Polytechnic Institute gogo@wpi.edu (with lots of help from Prof. Emmanuel Agu :-)
More informationCS 465 Program 4: Modeller
CS 465 Program 4: Modeller out: 30 October 2004 due: 16 November 2004 1 Introduction In this assignment you will work on a simple 3D modelling system that uses simple primitives and curved surfaces organized
More informationChapter - 2: Geometry and Line Generations
Chapter - 2: Geometry and Line Generations In Computer graphics, various application ranges in different areas like entertainment to scientific image processing. In defining this all application mathematics
More informationADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CS3
ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CS3 Chapter 2 Creating Text and Gradients Chapter 2 1 Creating type Create and Format Text Create text anywhere Select the Type Tool Click the artboard and start typing or click and drag
More informationCSE528 Computer Graphics: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications
CSE528 Computer Graphics: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications Hong Qin State University of New York at Stony Brook (Stony Brook University) Stony Brook, New York 11794--4400 Tel: (631)632-8450; Fax: (631)632-8334
More informationComputer Graphics (CS 543) Lecture 1 (Part 1): Introduction to Computer Graphics
Computer Graphics (CS 543) Lecture 1 (Part 1): Introduction to Computer Graphics Prof Emmanuel Agu Computer Science Dept. Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) What is Computer Graphics (CG)? Computer
More information