JNTUWORLD. 4. Prove that the average value of laplacian of the equation 2 h = ((r2 σ 2 )/σ 4 ))exp( r 2 /2σ 2 ) is zero. [16]

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1 Code No: 07A70401 R07 Set No (a) What are the basic properties of frequency domain with respect to the image processing. (b) Define the terms: i. Impulse function of strength a ii. Impulse function shifting property. [16] 2. (a) Give the schematic sketch of R G B color cube? Indicate the primary color vertices on the cube. (b) Explain in brief about pesudocolor image processing. [8+8] 3. Propose a set of gray level slicing transformations capable of producing all the individual bit planes of an 8-bit monochrome Image. [16] 4. Prove that the average value of laplacian of the equation 2 h = ((r2 σ 2 )/σ 4 ))exp( r 2 /2σ 2 ) is zero. [16] 5. Discuss the basics separable transforms. Also give example for it. [16] 6. Explain the following: (a) Arithmetic operations on Images (b) Logical operations on Images. [16] 7. An 8 level image has the gray level distribution given in table. r k P r (r k ) Code 1 L 1 (r k ) Code 2 L 2 (r k ) r 0 = r 1 =1/ r 2 =1/ r 3 =3/ r 4 =4/ r 5 =5/ r 6 =6/ r 7 = (a) compute the average word length for each code and compare the to entropy form part (b) compute entropy of the source. [16] 1

2 Code No: 07A70401 R07 Set No Explain the following: (a) Gaussian noise (b) Rayleigh noise. [16] 2

3 Code No: 07A70401 R07 Set No What is homomorphic filtering? Discuss its usefulness in Image enhancement. Explain with the help of block diagram. [16] 2. (a) What are the primary and secondary colors? Give the relation among them. (b) Define the terms hue, saturation and intensity. [8+8] 3. Explain the working of LZW source level encoding with an example. [16] 4. Suggest typical derivative masks for Image enhancement i.e. (a) Roberts (b) Prewitt (c) Sobel. [16] 5. Obtain the total number of additions and multiplications needed for 1-DFFT & 2-D FFT. [16] 6. (a) Explain the significance of the following 3 3 Mask with respect to the digital image processing (b) Write an algorithm to impelement the above marking operation. [8+8] 7. The white bars in the test pattern shown in figure 7b are 7 pixels wide and 210 pixels high. The separation between bars is17 pixels. What would this image look like after application of (a) A 3 3 median filter? (b) A 7 7 median filter? [16] Figure 7b 3

4 Code No: 07A70401 R07 Set No Show that the Sobel and Prewitt Gradient masks of following images give isotropic results for horizontal and vertical edges and for edges oriented at + or f = mag( f)[g 2 x +G2 y] 1/2 and f = Gx + Gy give identical results for edges oriented in the horizontal and vertical directions. [16] Z1 Z2 Z3 Z4 Z5 Z6 Z7 Z8 Z9 4

5 Code No: 07A70401 R07 Set No Discuss following techniques for Image enhancement (a) Image subtraction (b) Image averaging. [16] 2. Explain the concept of generation of spatial masks from frequency domain specifications. [16] 3. propose a technique for detecting gaps of length ranging between 1 and L pixels in line segment of a binary image. Assume that the lines are 1 pixel thick. Note: base your technique on 8-neighbor connectivity analysis. [16] 4. Explain the following: (a) Color transformation (b) Spatial processing. [16] 5. What is Error Free Compression? Explain about variable length coding. [16] 6. Does fast algorithm is applicable for computation Hadamard transform, if so what are the problems encountered in implementation. [16] 7. A common measure of transmission for digital data is the baud rate, defined as the number of bits transmitted per second. Generally, transmission is accomplished in pockets consisting of starting bit, a byte of information, and a stop bit. Using this approach, answer the following. (a) How many minutes would it take to transmit a image with 256 gray levels at 300 baud? (b) What would the time be at 9600 baud? (c) Repeat (a) and (b) for a image 256 gray levels. [16] 8. Explain about Iterative Nonlinear Restoration Using the Lucy-Richardson Algorithm. [16] 5

6 Code No: 07A70401 R07 Set No (a) Explain the statement that Fourier transform is viewed as a mathematical prism. (b) Get the expressions for magnitude spectrum, phase spectrum and power spectrum of Fourier transform. [8+8] 2. (a) Explain the need of color image smoothing. (b) Draw the HIS color model and give the expression for R G B interms of HIS. [8+8] 3. Discuss following intensity transformations. (a) Gray level slicing (b) Bit plane slicing. [16] 4. The white bars in the test pattern shown in figure 4b are 7 pixels wide and 210 pixels high. The separation between bars is 17 pixels. What would this image look like after application of (a) A 3 3 geometric mean filter? (b) A 9 9 geometric mean filter? [16] Figure 4b 5. The arithmetic decoding process is the reverse of the encoding procedure. Decode the message given the coding model. [16] Symbol Probabiliy a 0.2 e 0.3 i 0.1 o 0.2 u 0.1! 0.1 6

7 Code No: 07A70401 R07 Set No Give the expressions for 1D and 2D kernels of Walsh transform, also give the transform expressions. [16] 7. The results obtained by a single through an image of some 2D- masks can also be achieved by two passes using 1-D masks. The results of using a 3 3 smoothing mask with coefficients 1/9 can also be obtained by passing through an image the 1 mask [1 1 1]. The result of this pass is then followed by a pass of the mask The final result is then scaled by 1/9. Show that the Sobel masks can be implemented by one pass of a differencing mask of the form [-1 0 1] (or it s vertical counterpart) followed By a smoothing mask of the form [1 2 1] (or it s vertical counterpart). [16] 8. Consider the image segment shown below (q) (p) (a) Let V = {0,1} and compute the D4, D8 and Dm distances between p and q (b) repeat for V = {1,2} [16] 7