Microwave. Infrared. Preprogrammed Chip

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1 Advanced Technology for Design Mapping and Construction Layout AACE A.A.C.E. Meeting August 5, 2009 Daniel K. Mardock RBF Consulting Survey Manager Registered Land Surveyor Certified Federal Surveyor Arizona Professional Land Surveyors Association Central Chapter President Contents Pace of Developing Survey Technology GPS Photogrammetry Laser Scanning Technology Construction/Machine Guidance 1750 s to 1950 s 1950 s to Now: Electronic Age Compass and Chain Colonial and Early US Lands Surveys Portable Telescope Improves Precision Steel Tape Improves Measurement Precision Solar Transit for Astronomic Bearings Used in Geodesy Microwave Laser Technology Improves Precision Solar Compass Developed to Correct for Magnetic Anomalies 200 Year Span All Measuring Completed by Crossing the Ground 40 to 50 Year Span Laser & Measurements still made across the ground but, only the endpoints of the line must be occupied. Calculations & Data Collection Data Collection and Maps 200 Year Span 1 st Shift Key Continuous Memory Preprogrammed Chip 200 Year Span Memory Commodore 64 Card. Comm. 30 to 40 Year Span DOS Programming Data Upload and Download Cogo Functions Windows System Bluetooth Radio for Robotics Cellular Modem Controller Software Cogo Functions GPS Processing Collection and Stakeout 40 to 50 Year Span 1

2 Global Positioning System No longer need line of sight for measurement No real limit on the length of the line to be measured, a few feet to several miles Finally the surveyor is free to wander the earth and take the easy measurements Differential GPS centimeter accuracy GPS has two main segments GPS Has Two Main Segments SPACE SEGMENT GROUND SEGMENT INTERACTION OF SPACE AND GROUND SEGMENTS GPS By Trilateration Distance D = Speed of Light x Time D GPS Is A Statistical Approach To Measurement Analysis GPS surveying is analysis of hundreds of thousands of measurements projected on mathematical models of the earth sphere (Conventional o is 1 or 2 measurements e e on a plane) No more assumed coordinates All projects can be geo-referenced Vertical component of the measurement is the weakest link, longer occupation times 2

3 GPS Subsidence Network Photogrammetry Photogrammetry for Large Scale Projects 100 Scale Planimetrics Feature Collection Placement Road edges curb, edge asphalt, dirt road, concrete Film photos offset for stereo image and drafted by machine Computerization added. CAD Mapping Deliverables Film is scanned or digital photography and drafting is performed from the digital 3-D image Bridges Buildings including tanks and docks (but not sheds) Sidewalks, driveways, concrete paths, concrete slabs Film Camera Digital Camera Frame or Push Broom Airborne Laser Scanner Light Detection and Ranging Contour Generation InRoads Site Suite Software 1. Create triangulated surface Automatic Elevation Extraction Computer Generated DEM Matches Histograms of Pixels Increased Speed & Density Checked k d For Accuracy Autocorrelation 2. Generate contours to specified interval 3

4 Multispectral & IR Hardscape/Softscape Plant Vigor Multispectral Broader Spectrum More Classification LiDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) Elevation Data Collection Utilizing Near Laser Pulses Measures M Duration of Pulse from Aircraft to Ground Capable of producing a Raw Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Data Must be Post Processed Data Collection Performed Day or Night 3D Laser Scanning Laser Scanning Laser Beam That Measures Time of Flight Returns XY&Z Coordinates Measures as close as a 1/8 inch pattern Performs a 360 deg Horz. by 270 deg Vert. Scan Digital Ortho Photos Accuracy to +/- 0.01ft Infrastructure Data Capture Old Way Single Purpose Site re-visits Tedious, daily routine New Way Speed, Accuracy, 24 hrs & minimal impact Augments traditional capture More services provided faster Each scan point has an X,Y,Z coordinate 4

5 Impact of Terrestrial Scanners From this. Traditional Survey Laser Scanning Survey $0 To This. A laser scan point cloud registered and geo-referenced into site coordinate and elevation systems with horizontal and vertical accuracy of + 4mm. The registered Point Cloud is modeled into CADD as a three-dimensional wire frame. Additional structural layers can also be added as CADD solids. Walls placed in CAD show conflict with added ductwork. 5

6 Construction Separate elements can be removed for views as needed. Machines Then Machines Now Laser Systems Accuracy +/ Robotic - Advanced Tracking Sensor Accuracy +/ to

7 GPS Accuracy +/ Machine Guidance Technology Benefits of Machine Guidance 3D enabled machines produce a consistent and quality product In conjunction with a BIM, Machine Guidance enables all stakeholders to maintain their designs in a real-time environment Avoidance zones can be created to alert operators to restricted areas GPS provides an extra set of eyes to catch mistakes Can substantially reduce construction schedules Sustainable practices encouraged Construction Layout Old Way Tedious staking Constant Rework Daylight Activity New Way Automated, model-based and GPSguided grading Improves worker safety Increases speed and accuracy The Connected Site Positioning Information Upload Plan Data Download As Built Data Analyze Project Progress Update Project Schedule Calculate Pay Quantities Asset Management Resource Management Project Communications Design Professionals can be linked directly to the site Questions? 7