2. AREAL PHOTOGRAPHS, SATELLITE IMAGES, & TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS
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1 LAST NAME (ALL IN CAPS): FIRST NAME: 2. AREAL PHOTOGRAPHS, SATELLITE IMAGES, & TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS Instructions: Refer to Exercise 3 in your Lab Manual on pages to answer the questions in this work sheet. Your work will be graded on the basis of its accuracy, completion, clarity, neatness, legibility, and correct spelling of scientific terms. When you are done with your lab work, clean your desk and leave all materials you worked with in the same way you found them! INTRODUCTION Photographs and other images of the Earth taken from the air and from space show a great deal about the planet's landforms, vegetation, and resources. Aerial and satellite images, known as remotely sensed images, permit accurate mapping of land cover and make landscape features understandable on regional, continental, and even global scales. Transient phenomena, such as seasonal vegetation vigor and contaminant discharges, can be studied by comparing images acquired at different times. Satellites, including manned spacecraft, usually collect images from hundreds of miles above the Earth's surface while aircrafts operate at altitudes ranging from a few thousand to about 60,000 feet above the terrain. In general, the level of detail is greater in low-altitude photographs that cover relatively small areas, while satellite images cover much larger areas but show less detail. Some important terms and their definitions: Stereogram: A stereogram is any image that, through one of several techniques (e.g. parallel view or cross-eyed view methods), is able to convey the experience of depth perception to the viewer. Stereoscope: A stereoscope is a device for viewing stereogram that contains two separate images that are printed sideby-side to create the illusion of a three-dimensional image. Topographic map: is a detailed and accurate graphic representation of cultural and natural features (such as relief, usually using contour lines) on the ground. Contour lines: Are lines in a topographic map that connect all points that have the same elevation above sea level. Based on the physiography of an area, the contour lines may display various kinds of patterns. Some interpretations of contour-line patterns are given below. Page 1 of 5
2 A. AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS QUESTIONS Use the stereogram given in figure 3.2 in your Lab Manual to answer Q1 through Q4. Q1. The pair of aerial photos below is from New Mexico. View the stereo-pair using a pocket stereoscope (provided by instructor). What is the most prominent physical feature shown in the photos? Choose one. A) Dry lake basin B) Nuclear test site C) Volcano topped with crater D) Impact (Meteorite) crater Q2. What is the diameter, in feet, of the circular basin located on the summit of the physical feature you identified in Q1 above? Choose one. A) 1,100 feet B) 100 feet C) 1 mile D) 1,100 mile Q3. What is the white, curved feature that extends from the base of the cone to its summit?] The white line is Q4. In figure 3.2 (Lab Manual), mark the highest point on the photo with an X, and show this to your instructor. B. SATELLITE IMAGES Use the satellite images in Figure 3.17 (page 64 in your lab Manual), which show a small portion of Lake Mead, to complete Q5-Q7. Q5. Describe the width of the Colorado River in image A as compared to its appearance in image B. Colorado River is in image A as compared to image B. Q6. Describe how the portion of Lake Mead has changed between 1985, when image A was acquired, and 2010, when image B was acquired. Q7. What is the most likely cause of the change(s)? Page 2 of 5
3 C. TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS Q8. Obtain a copy of The City of Los Angeles topographic map from your instructor and examine it. Use this map to answer the questions that follow. I) A topographic map is assigned a name that is found in the upper-right corner of the map. What is the name of your map? II) Notice the small reference map and compass arrow in the lower margin of the map. In what part of the state (N, NW, S, SE etc.) is the area located? III) What is the name of the map that adjoins the western edge of your map? IV) Which year was the map originally published? V) What is the scale of the map: VI) In which part of the map do you find the highest elevation? (N, S, E, W)? Circle one. VII) Using the standard U.S. Geological Survey topographic map symbols given in the inside cover of your Lab Manual, determine the symbols and colors used for the following types of features: Primary highway: Buildings: Urban areas: Wooded areas: Water features: D. MAP SCALES Q9. The following graphic scale is from a topographic map. In that topographic map one inch long airport runway is shown. How long is the runway in real life, in miles and kilometers? Answer: miles; Kilometers Page 3 of 5
4 E. CONTOUR LINES Use figure 3.11 on page 57 in your Lab Manual to answer questions Q Q10. The difference in elevation between adjacent contour lines is called the contour interval. What is the contour interval used in Figure 3.11? Choose one. A) 100 feet B) 40 feet C) 400 feet D) 120 feet Q11. What is the difference in elevation between points A and B? Choose one. A) 100 feet B) 40 feet C) 400 feet D) 120 feet Q12. Explain why contour lines do not typically cross. Q13. Steep slopes are shown by closely spaced contours. Which of the four slopes shown with red arrows labeled 1-4 is the steepest? Which is the least steep? Steepest: Least steep: Q14. Hills are represented by a series of circular closed contours. Which of the landforms labeled B-E are hills? Choose one. A) B and C B) D and E C) B and D D) C and D Q15. Depressions (basins without outlets) are shown by closed contours with hachures (short lines) that point downslope. Which of the landforms labeled D-G is a closed depression? Choose one. A) D B) E C) F D) G Q16. When contour lines cross streams or dry stream channels, they form a V that points upstream. Determine the direction in which each of the three streams (shown in blue) is flowing. Upper stream flowing in the direction: Middle stream flowing in the direction Lower stream flowing in the direction Q17. What is the approximate elevation (in feet) of the point designated with the letter H? Choose one. A) 820 B) 870 C) 1,220 D) 1780 F. ANALYSIS OF A TOPOGRAPHIC MAP Use the portion of the Leadville North, Colorado Topographic map provided in fig 3.15 (page 62) to answer Q Q18. Locate the small intermittent stream (blue dashed line) just below the red number 9. Toward what general direction does the stream flow? Choose one. A) Northward B) Southward C) Eastward D) Westward Q19. Explain how you arrived at your answer for Q18. Page 4 of 5
5 Q20. What is the approximate elevation of the point marked with an X (located north of Turquoise Lake)? A) 10,050 feet B) 10,500 feet C) 10,650 feet D) 12,500 feet Q21. Which of the following phrases best describes the topography of Tennessee Park? Choose one. A) Steep B) Rugged C) Hilly D) Gradually sloping to flat Q22. The area on both sides of Tennessee Creek is marked with blue symbols that do not represent streams. What do these symbols indicate? (See the inside cover of your Lab Manual, if necessary). Choose one. A) Intermittent streams B) Marsh or swampy area C) Rugged mountains D) Dry and flat terrain G. CONSTRUCTING A CONTOUR MAP Q23. Use a pencil and refer to the elevation provided to complete the contour map shown in Figure 3.12 below. The 100-foot contour line is provided for reference. Using a 20-foot contour interval, draw a contour line for each 20-foot change in elevation below and above 100 feet (e.g. 60 feet, 80 feet, 120 feet). You will have to estimate the elevations between the points. Label each contour line with its elevation. Figure 3.12 Page 5 of 5
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