Image or Object? Is this real?
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1 Image or Object? Michael F. Cohen Microsoft Is this real? Photo by Patrick Jennings Copyright 1995, 96, 97 Whistler B. C. Canada Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 1
2 A mental model? Photo by Patrick Jennings Copyright 1995, 96, 97 Whistler B. C. Canada Sue Vision Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 2
3 Is this real? Michael F. Cohen, Shenchang Eric Chen, John R. Wallace, and Donald P. Greenberg 1988, A Progressive Refinement Approach to Fast Radiosity Image Generation. Bob Graphics Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 3
4 Computer Graphics Output Image Synthetic Camera Model Computer Vision Output Model Real Scene Real Cameras Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 4
5 Computer Graphics Meets Computer Vision Computer Graphics Meets Computer Vision Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 5
6 Combined Output Image Synthetic Camera Model Real Cameras Real Scene But, vision technology falls short Output Image Synthetic Camera Model Real Cameras Real Scene Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 6
7 and so does graphics. Output Image Synthetic Camera Model Real Cameras Real Scene Image Based Rendering Output Image Synthetic Camera Real Scene Images+Model Real Cameras -or- Expensive Image Synthesis Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 7
8 Ray Constant radiance time is fixed 5D 3D position 2D direction All Rays Plenoptic Function all possible images too much stuff! Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 8
9 Line Infinite line 4D 2D direction 2D position Ray Discretize Distance between 2 rays Which is closer together? Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 9
10 Image What is an image? All rays through a point Panorama? Image 2D position of rays has been fixed direction remains Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 10
11 Image Image plane 2D position Image Image plane 2D position Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 11
12 Object Light leaving towards eye 2D just dual of image Object All light leaving object Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 12
13 Object 4D 2D position 2D direction Object All images Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 13
14 Object Computer Too Hard Vision? Plenoptic Function 5D Rays Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 14
15 Lumigraph / Lightfield Outside convex space Empty Stuff 4D Lumigraph Inside convex space Stuff Empty 4D Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 15
16 Lumigraph How to organize capture render Lumigraph - Organization 2D position 2D direction s Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 16
17 Lumigraph - Organization 2D position 2D position s u 2 plane parameterization Lumigraph - Organization 2D position 2D position t s,t s,t u,v v u,v 2 plane parameterization s u Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 17
18 Lumigraph - Organization Hold s,t constant Let u,v vary An image s,t u,v Lumigraph - Organization Discretization higher res near object if diffuse captures texture lower res away captures directions s,t u,v Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 18
19 Idea 1 Lumigraph - Capture Move camera carefully over s,t plane Gantry see Lightfield paper s,t u,v Idea 2 Lumigraph - Capture Move camera anywhere Rebinning see Lumigraph paper s,t u,v Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 19
20 Lumigraph - Rendering For each output pixel determine s,t,u,v either find closest discrete RGB interpolate near values s,t u,v Lumigraph - Rendering For each output pixel determine s,t,u,v either use closest discrete RGB interpolate near values s u Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 20
21 Lumigraph - Rendering Nearest closest s closest u draw it Blend 16 nearest quadrilinear interpolation s u Lumigraph - Rendering Depth Correction closest s intersection with object best u closest u s u Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 21
22 Lumigraph - Rendering Depth Correction quadralinear interpolation new closest like focus s u Lumigraph - Rendering Fast s,t,u,v finding scanline interpolate texture mapping shear warp s u Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 22
23 Lumigraph - Rendering Fast s,t,u,v finding scanline interpolate texture mapping shear warp s1,u1 s2,u2 s u Lumigraph - Rendering Fast s,t,u,v finding scanline interpolate texture mapping shear warp s u Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 23
24 Lumigraph - Rendering Fast s,t,u,v finding scanline interpolate texture mapping shear warp s u Lumigraph - Demo Lumigraph Lion, Fruit Bowl, Visible Woman, Path Tracing Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 24
25 Lightfield - Demo Digital Michelangelo Project Marc Levoy, Stanford University Lightfield ( night ) assembled by Jon Shade 3D Representations Image is 2D Lumigraph is 4D What happened to 3D? 3D Lumigraph subset Concentric mosaics Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 25
26 3D Lumigraph One row of s,t plane i.e., hold t constant s,t u,v 3D Lumigraph One row of s,t plane i.e., hold t constant thus s,u,v a row of images s u,v Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 26
27 Concentric Mosaics Replace row with circle of images Concentric Mosaics Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 27
28 Concentric Mosaics From above Concentric Mosaics From above Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 28
29 Concentric Mosaics Panorama 2.5D Representations Image is 2D Lumigraph is 4D 3D 3D Lumigraph subset Concentric mosaics 2.5D Layered Depth Images View Dependent Surfaces Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 29
30 2.5 D? Layered Depth Image Layered Depth Image Layered Depth Image Rendering from LDI Incremental in LDI X and Y Guaranteed to be in back-to-front order Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 30
31 Layered Depth Image Rendering from LDI Incremental in LDI X and Y Guaranteed to be in back-to-front order Layered Depth Image Rendering from LDI Incremental in LDI X and Y Guaranteed to be in back-to-front order Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 31
32 Layered Depth Image View Dependent Surfaces From multiple input images determine geometry with user s help view dependent texture Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 32
33 View Dependent Surfaces Summary 5D: Plenoptic Function (Ray) 4D: Lumigraph / Lightfield 3D: Lumigraph Subset 3D: Concentric Mosaics 2.5D: Layered Depth Image 2.5D: View Dependent Models 2D: Image Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 33
34 Thanks Peter-Pike Sloan (Lumigraph) Jonathan Shade (Lightfield, LDI) Marc Levoy, Stanford University Michaelangelo data set Modeling, Rendering, and Lighting 34
But, vision technology falls short. and so does graphics. Image Based Rendering. Ray. Constant radiance. time is fixed. 3D position 2D direction
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