6. Results Combination in Hexagonal Shell
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1 6. Results Combination in Hexagonal Shell Applicable CivilFEM Product: All CivilFEM Products Level of Difficulty: Moderate Interactive Time Required: 0 minutes Discipline: Load combinations results Analysis Type: Linear static Element Type Used: SHELL6 CivilFEM Features Demonstrated: Combination Module Problem Description In an hexagonal shell supported on three alternate vertices and submitted to a uniform distributed load that can be place at any region of its area, we need to find the maximum deflection at each point of the shell and where the distributed load must be placed in order to produce maximum deflection at the free vertex. Y 0 m X = Support Given The structure geometry is shown in the previous figure. The following is a list of all input parameters: 6- CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver. 4.5
2 Shell thickness: 0.5 m Young Modulus:.0E7 kn/m Load: 0.0 kn/m Approach and Assumptions A D analysis will be performed. We will use elastic shell elements. Summary of Steps Preprocessing Solution. Specify title. Set units. Define element type 4. Define real constants 5. Define material 6. Define model geometry 7. Mesh 8. Save the database 9. Apply displacement constraints 0. Define and solve load states Postprocessing. Define targets. Define combination rules. Carry out combinations 4. Read in results 5. Plot of the maximum deflection at each point of the shell 6. Calculation of the load distribution to obtain the maximum deflection at a vertex 7. Exit the ANSYS program 6- CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver. 4.5
3 Interactive Step-by-Step Solution Preprocessing. Specify title Although this step is not required for a CivilFEM analysis, we recommend that you make it part of all your analysis. Utility Menu: File Change title Enter the title: Result combination in hexagonal shell to define the title and close the dialog box.. Set units Utility Menu: CivilFEM Civil Setup Pick on the Units tab 6- CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver. 4.5
4 4 Select User units In this analysis, we will select meters, seconds and kilo Newton. to accept units and close the units dialog box 6-4 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver. 4.5
5 4 6-5 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver. 4.5
6 . Define element type 4 5 Main Menu: Preprocessor Element Type Add/Edit/Delete... Pick Add... Select Structural Shell Choose Elastic 4node 6 Close Define real constants Main Menu: Preprocessor Real Constants Add/Edit/Delete 6-6 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver. 4.5
7 4 5 Pick Add... Enter 0.5 as TK(I) Close CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver. 4.5
8 5 5. Define material In this analysis we are going to define the material as a generic material. To do so, the only necessary property is the Young s modulus. 4 Main Menu: Preprocessor Materials props Material models Double click the Structural folder Double click the linear folder Double click the elastic folder Choose isotropic Enter 0E6 for EX Ok 6-8 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver. 4.5
9 5 6 7 Close the window to define material properties CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver. 4.5
10 6. Define model geometry We are going to define the geometry of the hexagonal shell through solid modeling. Main Menu: Preprocessor -Modeling- Create -Areas- Polygon Hexagon + Enter 0 as vertex radius Y Z X Results Combination in hexagonal shell 6-0 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver. 4.5
11 7. Mesh We first specify the maximum element size and then mesh. Main Menu: Preprocessor -Meshing- Size Cntrls -ManualSize- -Global- Size Enter as element edge length Main Menu: Preprocessor -Meshing- Mesh -Areas- Free + Pick All Y Z X Results Combination in hexagonal shell 6- CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver. 4.5
12 8. Save the database Before moving to the next step, we will save all we have done so far. The save operation will save the database to file.db and file.cfdb Toolbar: CFSAVE 6- CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver. 4.5
13 Solution 9. Apply displacement constraints We apply the boundary conditions by restraining the displacement of alternate vertices. Main Menu: Solution Define Loads Apply Structural Displacement On nodes Pick the nodes of three alternate vertices Y Z X Results Combination in hexagonal shell 6- CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver. 4.5
14 4 Select UX, UY, UZ 4 0. Define and solve load states To know the maximum deflections in each point of the shell and how we must load it in order to obtain the maximum deflection at a point, we need to load and solve each of the shell elements separately. Therefore, every calculated Load Step can be taken as a starting state for the following combinations. To solve each one of the mentioned states in an efficient way, we will use some simple commands in APDL written directly in the ANSYS command window. Type the following lines: *GET,NEL,ELEM,0,COUNT *DO,I,,NEL TIME,I SFE,I,,PRES,,0 SOLVE SFEDELE,I,,PRES *ENDDO 6-4 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver. 4.5
15 Postprocessor The following steps need to be taken to accomplish the results combination: Target definition Combination rules definition Combination calculation Results review. Define targets First of all, we must initialize the Combination Module in order to erase any previous Combinations. Then, the Targets (objectives to reach) and the Combinations will be defined. The Combination Module will utilize the Combinations (Start States and coefficients) to reach the Target values. Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Postproces Combine Results Initialize Now we are going to define the target as maximum displacement in the Z direction in absolute value: Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Postproces Combine Results TARGETS: Def One Target 4 5 Specify Target Number Select DISPL as Group Select UZ as Item and Component Pick type Absolute Ok CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver. 4.5
16 . Define combination rules In this case, the combination rule is compatible because any possible subset of starting states can be taken into account. Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Postprocess Combine Results Combination This opens the Combination Explorer Enter combination title: Compatible load on shell Specify Combination Rule Select type of combination rule compatible Enter number of Start States: The number of start states coincides with the number of elements previously saved in the NEL parameter Create combination CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver. 4.5
17 Now we are going to specify the starting states that come into play in the combination rule previously defined, so in Combinations Explorer: 6 Select from list the NEL start states : from Load Step, Sub Step LAST to Load Step NEL, Sub Step LAST Drag and drop the NEL start states over Combination tree 6-7 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver. 4.5
18 8 7. Carry out combinations Prior to completing the combinations CivilFEM shows a window with the global status in order to review all data before carrying out the combinations. Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Postprocess Combine Results CALCULATE: Combine Combine for targets Review the information in the list window to start the combination process 6-8 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver. 4.5
19 6-9 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver. 4.5
20 4. Read in results First of all we need to point to the combined results. Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Postprocess Combine Results READ RESULTS: Set data to read Select combined results We read the results of combination rule that satisfy the defined target. Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Postprocess Combine Results READ RESULTS: By description... Enter to read result of combination rule Select the target (group and components) from which you would like to read the results 6-0 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver. 4.5
21 5. Plot of the maximum deflection at each point of the shell We are going to change the viewing direction of the model to better observe the deflections distribution. Utility Menu: PlotCtrls View Settings Viewing Direction... Enter viewpoint:,, Select Z-axis up orientation 6- CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver. 4.5
22 In the following step we plot the maximum deflection in each point of the shell. You must take into account that this distribution does not correspond to any specific load state. Moreover, the maximum deflection for every point will come from a different load arrangement. Main Menu: General Postproc Plot Results -Contour Plot-Nodal Solu Select DOF solution Select Z-Component of displacement 6- CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver. 4.5
23 6. Calculation of the load distribution to obtain the maximum deflection at a vertex Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Postprocess Combine Results INQUIRE: Nodal Results + Pick a free node 6- CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver. 4.5
24 Enter to select combination rule Select group DISPL Select item and component UZ Pick Absolute Pick Yes to list result Pick Target Value Select Yes Update CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver. 4.5
25 In the following graphs we can read a list of starting states that satisfy the defined target while observing its distribution in the model. 6-5 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver. 4.5
26 To obtain the deflections distribution for the start states combination that satisfy the requested targets we must proceed as follows: Main Menu: General Postproc Plot Results -Contour Plot-Nodal Solu Select DOF solution Select Z-Component of displacement 6-6 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver. 4.5
27 6-7 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver. 4.5
28 7. Exit the ANSYS program We save everything before exiting the ANSYS program. Utility Menu: File Exit Pick Save Everything 6-8 CivilFEM Workbook. Ingeciber, S.A. Ver. 4.5
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