10-1 Active sentences and passive sentences

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1 CONTENTS 10-1 Active sentences and passive sentences 10-2 Form of the passive 10-3 Transitive and intransitive verbs 10-4 Using the by-phrase 10-5 The passive forms of the present and past progressive 10-6 Passive modal auxiliaries 10-7 Using past participles as adjectives (stative passive) 10-8 Participial adjectives: -ed vs. -ing 10-9 Get + adjective; get + past participle Using be used/accustomed to and get Used to vs. be used to Using be supposed to 1

2 10-1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES The chair is being made by the carpenter. 2

3 10-1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES (a) ACTIVE: The carpenter sanded the wood. same meaning (b) PASSIVE: The wood was sanded by the carpenter. 3

4 10-1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES ACTIVE: PASSIVE: S O (c) Carol sold the house. S by + O (d) The house was sold by Carol. object of active subject of passive subject of active object of by 4

5 10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE Fuel is burned by cars 5

6 10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE BE + PAST PARTICIPLE (a) Coffee is grown (b) The raise was given (c) The photo will be printed by farmers. by the boss. by Alex. 6

7 10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE PAST PRESENT PERFECT FUTURE Cars burn fuel. Fuel is burned by cars. The raise thrilled Ben. Ben was thrilled by the raise. Al has printed the photo. The photo has been printed by Al. New cars will save fuel. Fuel will be saved by cars. 7

8 10-1, 10-2 LET S PRACTICE ACTIVE The squirrel gathered the nuts. PASSIVE The nuts were gathered by the squirrel. 8

9 10-1, 10-2 LET S PRACTICE ACTIVE Matthew painted the wall. PASSIVE The wall was painted by Matthew. 9

10 10-1, 10-2 LET S PRACTICE ACTIVE The voters will determine the election results. PASSIVE The election results will be determined by the voters. 10

11 10-3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS Erica sneezed. 11

12 10-3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS (a) TRANSITIVE S V O Janet earned the promotion. They saw the accident. (b) INTRANSITIVE S V A problem occurred. They arrived late. TRANSITIVE verb + object INTRANSITIVE verb + object 12

13 10-3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS (c) TRANSITIVE VERBS ACTIVE: Janet earned the promotion. PASSIVE: The promotion was earned by Janet. (d) INTRANSITIVE VERBS ACTIVE: Birds fly. PASSIVE: (not possible) (e) INCORRECT: Birds are fly. 13

14 10-3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS (c) TRANSITIVE VERBS ACTIVE: Janet earned the promotion. PASSIVE: The promotion was earned by Janet. (d) INTRANSITIVE VERBS ACTIVE: Birds fly. PASSIVE: (not possible) transitive verbs intransitive verbs passive okay no passive 14

15 10-3 LET S PRACTICE transitive? intransitive It rained yesterday. 15

16 10-3 LET S PRACTICE transitive? intransitive iti Eva won a medal. PASSIVE: A medal was won by Eva. 16

17 10-3 LET S PRACTICE transitive? intransitive Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. PASSIVE: The World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee. 17

18 10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE This painting was done by my mother. 18

19 10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE (a) This desk was made by Manuel. by phrase important information 19

20 10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE (b) This desk was made in Taiwan. (c) Corn is seae eaten in many places. (d) That apartment was built in (e) Spanish is spoken in many countries. usually NO by-phrase 20

21 10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE ACTIVE (f) My mother is a great artist. She painted many beautiful portraits. PASSIVE (g) This painting was done by my mother. That one was done by her friend. focus my mother by-phrase focus on subjects 21

22 10-4 LET S PRACTICE ACTIVE Shakespeare wrote Hamlet. PASSIVE Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. 22

23 10-4 LET S PRACTICE ACTIVE Many students use computers. PASSIVE Computers are used by many students. 23

24 10-4 LET S PRACTICE ACTIVE Tina taught me how to knit. PASSIVE I was taught to knit by Tina. 24

25 10-5 THE PASSIVE FORMS OF THE PRESENT AND PAST PROGRESSIVE A photo is being taken by Elton. 25

26 10-5 THE PASSIVE FORMS OF THE PRESENT AND PAST PROGRESSIVE ACTIVE PASSIVE He is taking photos. (a) Photos are being taken by him. She is writing a book. (b) A book is being written by her. 26

27 10-5 THE PASSIVE FORMS OF THE PRESENT AND PAST PROGRESSIVE ACTIVE PASSIVE He is taking photos. (a) Photos are being taken by him. She is writing a book. (b) A book is being written by her. present progressive: passive form am is are + being + past participle 27

28 10-5 THE PASSIVE FORMS OF THE PRESENT AND PAST PROGRESSIVE ACTIVE PASSIVE He was taking photos. (c) Photos were being taken by him. She was writing a book. (d) A book was being written by her. past progressive: passive form was were + being + past participle 28

29 10-5 LET S PRACTICE ACTIVE Two great teams are playing hockey. PASSIVE Hockey is being played by two great teams. 29

30 10-5 LET S PRACTICE ACTIVE Someone was building a guest house in Bhutan. PASSIVE A guest house was being built in Bhutan. 30

31 10-5 LET S PRACTICE ACTIVE Alan is studying the memo. PASSIVE The memo is being studied by Alan. 31

32 10-6 PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES Lin will you. 32

33 10-6 PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES ACTIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES Lin will send it. It will be sent by Lin. Lin can send it. It can be sent by Lin. Lin must send it. It must tbe sentby Lin. Lin may send it. It may be sent by Lin. FORM: modal + be + past participle 33

34 10-6 LET S PRACTICE ACTIVE MODALS Someone must mow the grass today. PASSIVE MODALS This grass. must be mowed today 34

35 10-6 LET S PRACTICE ACTIVE MODALS You should not feed candy to babies. PASSIVE MODALS Babies. should not be fed candy 35

36 10-6 LET S PRACTICE ACTIVE MODALS People cannot control hurricanes. PASSIVE MODALS Hurricanes cannot be controlled. 36

37 10-7 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES (STATIVE PASSIVE) Lily is pleased with her life. 37

38 10-7 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES (STATIVE PASSIVE) BE + ADJECTIVE (a) Lily is brave. (b) Lily is short. (c) Lily is healthy. BE + PAST PARTICIPLE (d) Lily is divorced. (e) Lily is excited. (f) Lily is pleased. like an adjective 38

39 10-7 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES (STATIVE PASSIVE) (g) Lily is divorced from Jack. (h) Lily was happy with her career. (i) Lily will be excited for the trip. past particular participle + prepositions + object 39

40 10-7 LET S PRACTICE married Jenny is married to Grant. 40

41 10-7 LET S PRACTICE happy Alma is happy with her new laptop. 41

42 10-7 LET S PRACTICE young Abe is 17. He seems young for his age. 42

43 10-8 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING Emma makes pottery. I am interested in making gpottery. 43

44 10-8 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING (a) I am interested in pottery. INCORRECT: I am interesting in pottery. (b) Pottery is interesting. ti INCORRECT: Pottery is interested. past participle present participle feelings cause of feeling 44

45 10-8 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING Ben was thrilled with the promotion. (c) Ben was thrilled. (d) The promotion was thrilling. past participle passive meaning present participle cause of feeling 45

46 10-8 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING (e) I heard some disappointing news. (f) Jill read the shortened version of the book. participial adjectives nouns 46

47 10-8 LET S PRACTICE surprised surprising Gail Gwen Gwen s news must be. surprising Gail looks very. surprised 47

48 10-8 LET S PRACTICE amazed amazing The Great Wall is amazing. Most people p are truly amazed when they first see it. 48

49 10-8 LET S PRACTICE terrified Some bugs are scary. terrifying This spider is! terrifying I wonder if it is terrified of anything? 49

50 10-9 GET + ADJECTIVE; GET + PAST PARTICIPLE People often get thirsty when they exercise. 50

51 10-9 GET + ADJECTIVE; GET + PAST PARTICIPLE GET + ADJECTIVE (a) I am getting g thirsty. (b) Fahad got angry at him. GET ADJECTIVE change, beginning to be 51

52 10-9 GET + ADJECTIVE; GET + PAST PARTICIPLE GET + PAST PARTICIPLE (c) I m getting g worried. (d) My friend and his wife got divorced. GET PAST PARTICIPLE like an adjective, describes subject 52

53 10-9 LET S PRACTICE get + sleep He got sleepy while he was working. 53

54 10-9 LET S PRACTICE get + frustrated He is getting frustrated with his work. 54

55 10-9 LET S PRACTICE get + cold It got cold early this year. 55

56 10-10 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET USED/ACCUSTOMED TO We are used to driving in traffic. 56

57 10-10 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET USED/ACCUSTOMED TO (a) We are used dto this city. same meaning (b) We are accustomed to this city. 57

58 10-10 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET USED/ACCUSTOMED TO (c) We are used to living in this city. (d) We are accustomed to living in this city. to + -ing form (gerund) 58

59 10-10 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET USED/ACCUSTOMED TO (e) I just moved to Athens, Greece. I have never lived in this city before, but I am getting used to (accustomed t d to) )it. beginning to feel normal 59

60 10-10 LET S PRACTICE be used to (affirmative or negative) I always go to the beach. I the sand and sea. am used to 60

61 10-10 LET S PRACTICE be used to (affirmative or negative) I m confused. I this new am not used to computer. 61

62 10-10 LET S PRACTICE be used to (affirmative or negative) Maybe I ll call Eva. She is used to this type of computer. 62

63 10-11 USED TO vs. BE USED TO He used to eat meat, but now he is a vegetarian. 63

64 10-11 USED TO vs. BE USED TO (a) He used dto eat meat, but now he is a vegetarian. INCORRECT: He used to be eating meat. INCORRECT: He is used to eat meat. habitual past used to + simple form of verb 64

65 10-11 USED TO vs. BE USED TO (b) He is used to eating meat. be used to + -ing form of verb (gerund) 65

66 10-11 LET S PRACTICE be Ø When I was young, I often went skiing. I was used to skiing back then. 66

67 10-11 LET S PRACTICE be Ø I Ø used to like skiing, but now I prefer snowboarding. 67

68 10-11 LET S PRACTICE be Ø Now, I am used to snowboarding. 68

69 10-12 USING BE SUPPOSED TO You were supposed to clean out the garage g this morning. 69

70 10-12 USING BE SUPPOSED TO (a) The flight is supposed to leave e in 10 minutes. I expect the flight to leave in 10 minutes. 70

71 10-12 USING BE SUPPOSED TO (a) The flight is supposed to leave e in 10 minutes. (b) I am supposed to write to Jim. an expectation 71

72 10-12 USING BE SUPPOSED TO (c) The flight was supposed to leave e at 4:30. expected event didn t occur 72

73 10-12 LET S PRACTICE be supposed to I expect to get today. I am supposed dto get today. 73

74 10-12 LET S PRACTICE be supposed to They were expected to arrive on May 4, but they came on May 6. They arrive on May 6. were supposed to 74

75 10-12 LET S PRACTICE be supposed to I expected you to call me at noon! You were supposed to call me at noon! 75

76 PHOTO CREDITS Copyright 2008 Pearson Education and its licensors. All rights reserved. Images used under license from: Shutterstock, Inc. Clipart, Inc

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