3D ModelingChapter1: Chapter. Objectives

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "3D ModelingChapter1: Chapter. Objectives"

Transcription

1 Chapter 1 3D ModelingChapter1: The lessons covered in this chapter familiarize you with 3D modeling and how you view your designs as you create them. You also learn the coordinate system and how you can use it to help you create 3D designs. Creating 3D models of your designs helps you to refine your ideas because you can visualize the relationship of design components. This same visualization of 3D models also helps you communicate the design idea to others. Because of the need to communicate ideas to others, every design discipline can use 3D modeling at some point in the design process. The lessons in this chapter teach you the methods, commands, and options for creating 3D models. Methods covered include creating your designs with predefined shapes, using crosssectional geometry you create, and combining models to create a new single model. Objectives After completing this chapter, you will be able to: Explain the differences in 3D model types and how to view and display the models. Create solid models from primitive shapes. Create surface and solid models from 2D profile geometry. Create a composite solid by joining, subtracting, and intersecting solid models. Describe the 3D coordinate system, and how to define a custom coordinate system, control the display of the coordinate system icon, and acquire a point in 3D space. 1

2 Lesson: Introduction to 3D Overview This lesson introduces you to 3D modeling. It starts with an explanation of the types of 3D models you can create and how you can change your viewing direction in 3D space to look at your designs from different directions. It then explains the commands you use to change your viewing direction, change the representation display of your models, and change the number of viewports and their display within the graphic window. The reason you create a design is to validate it and to communicate it to others. By creating your design as 3D models, you are able to do both of these with a lot more clarity. In the following illustration, the drawing window is split into four equal viewports so the building and site can be viewed in different directions. Each of the views is also set up to display the geometry slightly differently based on the designer s needs. Objectives After completing this lesson, you will be able to: Describe the types of 3D models and their benefits. Explain the different ways you can view your 3D models. View your model using Constrained Orbit. Change the display of the models by changing the active visual style. Set and adjust model space viewports. 2 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

3 Types of 3D Models In this section of the lesson, you learn about the different types of 3D models you can create to represent your designs. While learning the differences between the types of models you can create, you will also learn the benefits of 3D modeling. With the ability to identify the types of models and their benefits, you will be able to select the proper model type to create based on your criteria and design requirements. In the following illustration, the same floor plan is shown as a wireframe, a surface, and a solid model. Definition of 3D Model Types A primary benefit of 3D is the ability to visualize the design. By creating a 3D model, you can actually see how the different aspects come together. You can then use the 3D model to do a more effective job of communicating your design to others, not just those with the ability to read 2D blueprints. As well as seeing the design better, you can extract measurements from your design. Depending upon the model type, those measurements can include distance, area, volume, and other mass properties. With solid models you can also check to see if any solid models interfere with each other. Once you have the model created, you can also generate 2D drawing views for documentation purposes. The extent of the benefits of a 3D model depends on which of the three model types you created. Those three modeling types are: Wireframe Model The most basic form for 3D model representation. You draw lines, arcs, and circles in 3D space to represent the edges of your design. Though this model type can be useful, it is often difficult to work with when creating a complex model with many edges. When viewing a wireframe model, you see all of the edges of the model regardless of which side of the model you are viewing from. Surface Model A higher level of model representation, since it not only defines the edges of the design, but also an outer skin to the model. Surface models can add clarity to the display of a design by hiding all geometry that resides behind a surface. While a surface model can return values for its surface area, it cannot return mass property information since a surface has no true thickness, just a length and a width. Solid Model This model type defines the inner volume, outer surface, and edges of your design all within a single object. Solid models represent all aspects of a design, and thus are the most complete representational type of 3D model. You can create solid models from predefined shapes or from complex outlines. You can combine solid models together to create even more complex models. Lesson: Introduction to 3D 3

4 Example of 3D Model Types While you can create your designs as wireframe models, you will find solids and sometimes surface models more pertinent for you to design with. If you need to model how the contour of land changes in an area, creating a surface model from contour lines at the various elevations is the most productive model creation method. You may also find creating surface models more practical if you are creating very thin walled products like plastic bottles or the clear plastic packaging formed to hold merchandise. For all other designs like buildings, bridges, desks, and mechanical parts, solid models will offer you the most versatility in creating, editing, and displaying your design. In the following illustration, a 3D model of a new idea for material handling equipment was created to better discuss the design s merits and issues. Navigating and Displaying 3D Models As you create 3D models, it is important to view the model from different directions. Your ability to effectively change the display of your model and the direction from which you view it has a direct impact on your ability to efficiently create and complete your design. In this next section, you learn about the different ways you can change the direction from which you view your model, and other ways you can have it displayed. In the following illustration, the same design is being viewed from three different directions. With each view, you are able to get a better understanding of the design. 4 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

5 Navigation and Display Defined When working in 3D, you typically need to look at different sides of your design. To view the different sides, you do not reorient the model in 3D space. Instead, you change your viewing position in 3D space by orbiting your viewing direction around your 3D model or changing to a preset viewing direction. Orbiting Your View When orbiting your view, the pivot point is the center of a bounding box around the geometry. This bounding box is a mathematical box that is just large enough to encompass either all the geometry in your drawing or just the geometry you select. Preset Viewing Directions The preset viewing directions include top, bottom, front, back, left, right, and four additional isometric views. These preset viewing directions are based on the default alignment of the X, Y, and Z coordinate system. For example, the top view looks straight down the Z axis at the X,Y plane, while the front view looks in the direction of the Y axis at the X, Z plane. Use these preset views to quickly change from one viewing direction to another or to establish a starting point from which you can orbit to the exact required viewing direction. Display Types As you add more detail to your model design, your ability to understand what you are looking at with respect to your model is more dependent on how you display the model. There are three main ways of displaying a surface or solid model. You can have it display as a wireframe, where only the edges are displayed but you can see all the edges as if it were a wireframe model. You can have it display in hidden mode, where all edges are displayed except the ones that cannot be seen based on the current viewing direction. Or you can display it in a shaded form, thereby only showing the visible faces and edges of the model based on its current viewing direction. Each of these display modes have slight variations that change the quality or characteristics of the model display. By selecting a visual style, you activate one of these uniquely saved display modes to have your model display in that fashion. Example of Navigating and Displaying 3D Models In the following illustration, the model showing a new proposed material handling equipment cart has been orbited in a way to help communicate the design. It is also being displayed in a conceptual mode to give it the appearance of a hand sketched design that has been colored in. This type of display can then be used within a presentation to give it a different type of feel for the audience. Lesson: Introduction to 3D 5

6 Orbiting Your 3D Model Orbiting your viewing point around your model allows you to see different aspects and details of your design. With the Constrained Orbit command, you can freely rotate your view around your model. If no geometry is selected at the start of the command, then the command pivots the view about the center point of a bounding box of all the geometry. If you select geometry before executing the command, then the view orbits around the center of the selected geometry. Not only can you use constrained orbit to view your model, you can also use it while you are in another command. This means you can start creating or modifying geometry looking at the model in one direction, orbit to another relevant side, and complete the command. In the following illustration, the creation of another model was initiated while looking at the design from one direction. The view was then orbited while still in the process of creating the new model so another point could be snapped to. The design after the creation of this additional model is then shown on the far right. Command Access Constrained Orbit Command Line: 3dorbit Menu: View > Orbit > Constrained Orbit Toolbar: 3D Navigation Toolbar: Orbit Dashboard: 3D Navigate control panel For Constrained Orbit to orbit around a selected object, the option Enable Orbit Auto Target must be selected. So if you selected a model prior to starting the constrained orbit, and your orbit does not orbit around the center of the model, then right-click and select Enable Orbit Auto Target from the shortcut menu. 6 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

7 Procedure: Viewing Models in a Constrained Orbit The following steps give an overview of viewing 3D models in a constrained orbit. 1. Start the Constrained Orbit command. 2. Change the view orientation by left-clicking in the drawing area and dragging. Release the cursor to set the view direction. 3. Continue to rotate the view until you achieve the required orientation. 4. Exit the Constrained Orbit command by pressing ESC or right-clicking and selecting exit. Procedure: Using a Constrained Orbit in About a Specific Object The following steps give an overview of viewing 3D models in a constrained orbit based on the selection of specific objects. 1. Select one or more objects. 2. Start the Constrained Orbit command. 3. Change the view orientation by left-clicking in the drawing area and dragging. Release the cursor to set the view direction. 4. Continue to rotate the view until you achieve the required orientation. 5. If the orbit does not center on the bounding box of the objects selected, right-click and select Enable Orbit Auto Target. 6. Exit the Constrained Orbit command by pressing ESC or right-clicking and selecting exit. Lesson: Introduction to 3D 7

8 Changing the Model Display When selecting a display mode for your 3D surface or solid model, you have five preset display modes you can select from. These preset display modes are referred to as visual styles. The five preset display modes are: 2D Wireframe Wireframe Hidden Realistic Conceptual In the following illustration, the same model is being displayed in four different visual styles: Wireframe, Hidden, Realistic, and Conceptual. The top left, Wireframe, is useful when you want to view geometry through the model and the lower right, Conceptual, is useful when you want to present an idea as one in progress. 8 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

9 Command Access Visual Styles The following icons are associated with the menu and toolbars for the different visual styles. Icon Command Line: Vscurrent, vs Menu: View > Visual Styles > 2D Wireframe, Wireframe, Hidden, Realistic, or Conceptual Toolbar: Visual Styles Dashboard: Visual Styles panel Option 2D Wireframe Wireframe Hidden Realistic Conceptual Lesson: Introduction to 3D 9

10 Accessing Visual Styles on the Dashboard To access the visual styles on the Dashboard, click the down arrow to the right of the active style name. The list of visual styles appears as preview images, as shown in the following illustration. Switching to a Wireframe display can make the selection process quicker if you are trying to select edges and corners that are on different sides of a model. Setting Viewport Display In this section of the lesson, you learn how to access the Viewports dialog box, the options for creating and configuring multiple viewports, and the overall procedure to change viewport display. When working in 3D, you can increase your productivity by changing the number of viewports displayed within the drawing area. By creating the appropriate number of viewports in the right viewing directions for the task at hand, you can view the model from multiple directions at the same time. You can also start a command in one viewport, then click into another viewport and complete the command. 10 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

11 Multiple Viewport Display In the following illustration, the same drawing window is shown as a single viewport and then split into three viewports. In the multiple viewport display on the right, notice how each viewport is set to display a different direction of view. Also notice how the model is displayed in different visual styles in each of the viewports. In this case, two of the viewports display the models using the Realistic visual style and the other one uses 2D Wireframe. Command Access Viewports Viewports Dialog Box Command Line: Viewports, Vports Menu: View > Viewports > New Viewports Toolbar: Viewports Following the typical workflow, you first display the Viewports dialog box, and then configure the number of viewports to display, the view orientation, and the display style. You start the configuration process by selecting an existing viewport configuration from the list. You then activate one of the viewports and change its view direction and visual style. Lesson: Introduction to 3D 11

12 If you make a number of changes, enter a name so that when you click OK, this viewport configuration is added to the list of named viewports. To apply a saved viewport configuration, click the Named Viewports tab, double-click a configuration name, and click OK. A list of viewport configurations you select from. Use to preview the viewport configuration that will be applied after you click OK. Also use to activate a viewport for further configuration by clicking within the rectangular area of that viewport. The active viewport is shown with a square drawn just inside its borders. Use to have the viewport configuration applied to the active viewport instead of the default option of Display, which changes the entire drawing window. Use to have the view direction in the viewports change to common viewing directions. Use to select a different preset view for the active preview viewport. Use to set the visual style for the active preview viewport. Use if you have changed settings from the standard configuration. Entering a unique name and clicking OK saves the viewport configuration as a named viewport. 12 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

13 Procedure: Changing Viewport Display The following steps give an overview of setting the viewports display. 1. Start the Viewports command. 2. Configure the number of viewports to display. 3. Individually activate each viewport and change the view direction and visual style. 4. Name the viewport configuration. 5. Save the viewport configuration. Lesson: Introduction to 3D 13

14 Exercise: Interact with 3D Models In this exercise, you interact with different types of existing 3D models by changing their display and viewing the results of these display changes. 2. View the models from different orientations: On the 3D Navigate control panel, click Constrained Orbit. The completed exercise Completing the Exercise To complete the exercise, follow the steps in this book or onscreen in the exercise. In the onscreen list of chapters and exercises, click Chapter 1: 3D Modeling. Click Exercise: Interact with 3D Models. 1. Open M_Introduction-to-3D.dwg. 3. Left-click and hold: Drag the cursor left and right. Drag the cursor up and down. 4. Orbit until the back of the pump housings are visible. 5. Press ESC to exit Constrained Orbit. 6. Change the visual style of the drawing: On the Visual Style control panel, select 3D Hidden from the list. Wireframe model Surface model Solid model 14 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

15 7. On the Visual Style control panel, select 3D Wireframe from the list. 12. Rotate the view until the front of the housings are displayed. Press ESC to exit the constrained orbit. 8. On the Visual Style control panel, select Conceptual from the list. 9. On the Visual Style control panel, select Realistic from the list. 10. Use the Constrained Orbit command to rotate the view with regards to specific objects: Window-select the solid and surface models. 11. On the 3D Navigate control panel, click Constrained Orbit. 13. Create multiple viewports to observe the models from different perspectives: On the 3D Navigate control panel of the Dashboard, click Parallel Projection. 14. Click View menu > Viewports > 3 Viewports. 15. Click in the lower-left viewport to activate. On the 3D Navigate control panel, select Front from the list. 16. Click in the upper-left viewport to activate. On the 3D Navigate control panel, select Top from the list. 17. Click in the right viewport to activate. On the 3D Navigate control panel, select Right from the list. 18. Save and close all files. Notice that the wireframe model does not display during the orbit. Lesson: Introduction to 3D 15

16 Lesson: Creating Solid Primitives Overview This lesson describes how to create 3D designs by creating solid model primitives. 3D solid modeling is used across multiple design disciplines and primitive solid models are a key element in creating designs. You can use solid model primitives individually or in conjunction with other solid models to create complex designs. These 3D solid models help improve visualization, which in turn improves communication and understanding of the design. They also help to reduce errors and decrease the time required to complete a project. In the following illustration, solid primitives are used to define space in a floor plan. A combination of cylinders, boxes, pyramids, and a torus were used to quickly create the solids. Objectives After completing this lesson, you will be able to: Define and identify solid primitives and their importance in creating 3D designs. Use and create solid box primitives. Use and create solid sphere primitives. Use and create solid cylinder primitives. Use and create solid cone primitives. Use and create solid wedge primitives. Use and create solid torus primitives. Use and create solid pyramid primitives. Create box, sphere, cylinder, cone, wedge, torus, and pyramid 3D solid primitives. Create 3D solid primitives to visualize the layout of a room. 16 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

17 About Solid Primitives Primitive solids provide you with a method for creating designs ranging from quick and basic to complex and detailed. If you can recognize where primitive models can define the shape of your design, you will complete the design quicker. In the following illustration, the solid models help you quickly visualize the conceptual layout for a project to design tooling to create stamped parts. Definition of Solid Model Primitives Primitive solid models are predefined geometric shapes provided to you. You have seven basic primitive solids you can design with: a box, sphere, cylinder, cone, wedge, torus, and pyramid. To create these shapes, you only need to supply a creation location and actual size. Once you have created a solid primitive, you have information available to you such as its volume and other mass properties. When you have created more than one solid primitive, you can create a more complex model by combining primitives into a single model. You can also subtract the volume of one model from another. For many design needs, you can create and position solid primitives together much as you may have done with wooden building blocks when you were a child. Lesson: Creating Solid Primitives 17

18 Example: Solid Primitives Used for Fixtures and Furniture You can use solid primitives to represent all types of objects including mechanical parts, machines, buildings, fixtures, and furniture. In the following illustration, a basic floor lamp has been created using only primitive solids. This model can now be used in a room space or layout plan to help visualize placement and remaining available space. Creating a Solid Box You use the Box command to create rectangular or cube-shaped solid primitives. Since a box is a basic building block shape, it is an important shape to be able to create. To create boxes efficiently and based on your design criteria, you will need to know how to access the command and use the appropriate creation option. In the following illustration, the solid primitives are being displayed partially transparent so you can see their initial creation starting plane or point. 18 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

19 Command Access Box Options for Creating a Solid Box Following the command prompts and a typical workflow, you begin defining the base rectangular shape by specifying two opposite corners, just like drawing a 2D rectangle. With the base shape defined, you then specify the height. Instead of creating a box based on its default prompts and options, you can select different suboptions to create the box based on other design criteria. Option Center Cube Length Command Line: Box Menu: Draw > Modeling > Box Toolbar: Modeling Dashboard: 3D Make control panel Description Use to define the location of the solid primitive s geometric center prior to specifying its size. Use to create a box with all of its edges equal to a single specified value instead of specifying three separate values for length, width, and height. You can also place the cube with its edges not parallel to the X and Y axes of the current UCS. Use this option to create the base rectangular shape so its edges are not parallel to the X and Y axes of the current UCS. Procedure: Creating a 3D Box The following steps give an overview of creating a solid box. 1. Start the Box command. 2. Specify the base rectangular shape s start position, orientation, and size. Do this by specifying one corner and then the other corner, or the center point and corner. 3. Specify the height. Lesson: Creating Solid Primitives 19

20 Creating a Solid Sphere You use the Sphere command to create a solid circular primitive. A basketball is an example of a sphere. In the following illustration, the solid primitive is being displayed partially transparent so you can see its initial creation starting plane. Command Access Sphere Command Line: Sphere Menu: Draw > Modeling > Sphere Toolbar: Modeling Dashboard: 3D Make control panel Options for Creating a Solid Sphere During the creation of a solid sphere, you define the position and size of the circular cross section through its center. Creating this circular cross section is very similar to creating a 2D circle. When you start the command, you are prompted to specify the center of the sphere, then size it with a radius or diameter value. Instead of creating a sphere based on its default prompts and options, you can select different suboptions to create the sphere based on other design criteria. Option 3P 2P Ttr Description Use to define the size of the circular cross section by specifying three points that reside in the same coordinate system plane or are located anywhere in space. Use to define the size of the circular cross section by specifying two points in space. When you specify these points, you supply the location and diameter of the sphere, even without knowing the location of its center point. Use when you need the circular cross section to be tangent to two different objects and a specific radius. 20 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

21 Procedure: Creating a 3D Sphere The following steps give an overview of creating a spherical solid. 1. Start the Sphere command. 2. Specify the center point of the sphere. 3. Specify the radius or diameter. Creating a Solid Cylinder You use the Cylinder command to create a cylindrical solid primitive with a circular or elliptical cross section. In the following illustration, the solid primitive is being displayed partially transparent so you can see its initial creation starting plane. Command Access Cylinder Command Line: Cylinder Menu: Draw > Modeling > Cylinder Toolbar: Modeling Dashboard: 3D Make control panel Options for Creating Solid Cylinder Primitives Following the command prompts and a typical workflow, you begin defining the base circular shape by specifying the center point and radius or diameter, just like drawing a 2D circle. With the base shape defined, you then specify the height. The default direction of height is perpendicular to the base circular shape. Lesson: Creating Solid Primitives 21

22 Instead of creating a cylinder based on its default prompts and options, you can select different suboptions to create the cylinder based on other design criteria. Option 3P 2P Ttr Description Use to define the base circular shape by having its circular edge pass through three points in space. Especially useful when positioning and sizing a cylinder based on existing 3D geometry. Use to define the diameter of the circular base using two opposite points on its outer edge. Especially useful when you do not know the location of the center point or you are positioning and sizing a cylinder based on existing 3D geometry. Use when you need the circular base to be tangent to two different edges and a specific radius. Elliptical Axis Endpoint Procedure: Creating a 3D Cylinder The following steps give an overview of creating a cylindrical solid. 1. Start the Cylinder command. Creating a Solid Cone Use when you want the base shape of the cylinder to be an ellipse instead of a circle. Use to specify the top center point of the cylinder. This sets the cylinder height and reorients the cylinder so its center axis extends from its base center point to the selected axis endpoint, in effect, rotating the cylinder to this new alignment. 2. Specify the base circular shape s start position, orientation, and size. Do this by specifying the center point and then the radius or diameter. Or select one of the suboptions and respond to its requirements. 3. Specify the height or change its orientation using Axis Endpoint. You use the Cone command to create a triangular shaped primitive with curved sides that transition in shape from the base to the top. The default base shape is circular but you can also create an elliptical base. The cone then transitions from its base shape to a point at the top, or to a shape smaller or larger than its base. In the following illustration, the solid primitives are being displayed partially transparent so you can see their initial creation starting plane. 22 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

23 Command Access Cone Command Line: Cone Menu: Draw > Modeling > Cone Toolbar: Modeling Dashboard: 3D Make control panel Options for Creating Solid Cones Following the command prompts and a typical workflow, you begin defining the base circular shape by specifying the center point and radius or diameter, just like drawing a 2D circle. With the base shape defined, you then specify the height. The default direction of height is perpendicular to the base circular shape. Instead of creating a cone based on its default prompts and options, you can select different suboptions to create the cone based on other design criteria. Except for the option Top Radius, the suboptions are identical to the options for creating a cylinder primitive. Option 3P 2P Ttr Elliptical Axis Endpoint Top Radius Description Use to define the base circular shape by having its circular edge pass through three points in space. Especially useful when positioning and sizing a cone based on existing 3D geometry. Use to define the diameter of the circular base using two opposite points on its outer edge. Especially useful when you do not know the location of the center point or you are positioning and sizing a cone based on existing 3D geometry. Use when you need the circular base to be tangent to two different edges and a specific radius. Use when you want the base shape of the cone to be an ellipse instead of a circle. Use to specify the top center point of the cone. This sets the cone height and reorients the cone so its center axis extends from its base center point to the selected axis endpoint, in effect, rotating the cone to this new alignment. Use when you want a cone shape with a flat top instead of one that comes to a point. With a smaller radius value than the base, your cone will taper in as it transitions from the base to the top. With a larger value, you create a cone that tapers out from the base to the top. Lesson: Creating Solid Primitives 23

24 Procedure: Creating a 3D Cone The following steps give an overview of creating a conical solid. 1. Start the Cone command. 2. Specify the base circular shape s start position, orientation, and size. Do this by specifying the center point and then the radius or diameter. Or select one of the suboptions and respond to its requirements. 3. Specify the height to create a 3D cone with a point, or select the Top Radius option. 4. If you selected the Top Radius option, specify the value for the top radius. 5. Specify the height to the flat top of the cone. Creating a Solid Wedge You use the Wedge command to create a solid triangular primitive with three rectangular faces. When you create a wedge, you end up with a shape that appears to be half of a box primitive that is split diagonally from one edge to another. The high side of the wedge is the side opposite the second point specified when creating the base rectangular shape. In the following illustration, the solid primitive is being displayed partially transparent so you can see its initial creation starting plane. The base rectangular shape was created from point 1 to point 2. Command Access Wedge Command Line: Wedge Menu: Draw > Modeling > Wedge Toolbar: Modeling Dashboard: 3D Make control panel 24 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

25 Options for Creating Solid Wedge The workflow and options for creating a wedge are the same as for creating a box primitive. Following the command prompts and a typical workflow, you begin defining the base rectangular shape by specifying two opposite corners, just like drawing a 2D rectangle. With the base shape defined, you then specify the height. Instead of creating a wedge based on its default prompts and options, you can select different suboptions to create the box based on other design criteria. Option Center Cube Length Description Procedure: Creating a 3D Wedge The following steps give an overview of creating a solid wedge. 1. Start the Wedge command. Creating a Solid Torus Use to define the location of the solid primitive s geometric center prior to specifying its size. Use to create a wedge with all of its edges equal to a single specified value instead of specifying three separate values for length, width, and height. You can also place the cube with its edges not parallel to the X and Y axes of the current UCS. Use this option to create the base rectangular shape so its edges are not parallel to the X and Y axes of the current UCS. 2. Specify the base rectangular shape s start position, orientation, and size. Do this by specifying one corner and then the other corner, or the center point and corner. 3. Specify the height. You use the Torus command to create a circular tube primitive with its final shape resembling a doughnut or bicycle inner tube. You create a torus by defining the size and position of two circular shapes. In the following illustration, the solid primitive on the left is shown partially transparent so you can see a representation of the defining sizes and planes for this primitive. The actual torus will appear like the illustration on the right. Lesson: Creating Solid Primitives 25

26 Command Access Torus Command Line: Torus Menu: Draw > Modeling > Torus Toolbar: Modeling Dashboard: 3D Make control panel Options for Creating Solid Torus Primitives Following the command prompts and a typical workflow, you first define the size of the torus by specifying the center point of the torus and then its radius or diameter. With that size defined, you then define the size of the solid tube material by specifying its radius or diameter. The radius size of the torus is measured from the center point of the torus to the center point of the solid tube material. Instead of defining the size of a torus by its center point and radius or diameter, you can also define its size and location in 3D space by using the options Three Points, Two Points, or Tangent to Two Objects and a Radius. Procedure: Creating a 3D Torus Primitive The following steps give an overview of creating a solid torus primitive. 1. Start the Torus command. 2. Specify the start position, orientation, and size of the torus. Do this by specifying the center point and then the radius or diameter. Or select one of the suboptions and respond to its requirements. 3. Specify the radius or diameter for the solid part of the torus. Creating a Solid Pyramid You use the Pyramid command to create a primitive that has a polygonal base with flat sides that transition in shape from the base to the top. The pyramid can transition from its base shape to a single point or to a shape smaller or larger than its base. By default, the polygonal base has four sides, but you can change that number based on your requirements. 26 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

27 In the following illustration, the two solid primitives on the left are being displayed partially transparent so you can see their initial creation starting plane. The two solid primitives on the right are examples of pyramids with more sides than the default value and different top conditions. Command Access Pyramid Command Line: Pyramid Menu: Draw > Modeling > Pyramid Toolbar: Modeling Dashboard: 3D Make control panel Options for Creating Solid Pyramid Primitives Following the command prompts and a typical workflow, you begin defining the base polygonal shape by specifying the center point and then a point on the polygon, much like drawing a 2D polygon. With the base shape defined, you then specify the height. The default direction of height is perpendicular to the base circular shape. Lesson: Creating Solid Primitives 27

28 Instead of creating a pyramid based on its default prompts and options, you can select different suboptions to create the pyramid based on other design criteria. Option Edge Sides Description Use to specify the length of a flat segment of the polygon base. When picking the points to define the size of a segment, you also set the position and orientation of the base polygonal shape. Use to change the shape of the pyramid by changing the number of sides from the default of 4 to any value greater than 2 and less than 33. Circumscribed / Inscribed Axis Endpoint Top Radius Use to change which outer point you will define when specifying the size of the base polygonal shape. With Circumscribed, you size the polygon from the center point to the midpoint of a flat segment on the polygon. With Inscribed, you size the polygon from the center point to the endpoint of a polygon segment. Only the option not active for use will be listed for selection. Use to specify the top center point of the pyramid. This sets the pyramid height and reorients the pyramid so its center axis extends from its base center point to the selected axis endpoint, in effect, rotating the pyramid to this new alignment. Use when you want a pyramid shape with a flat top instead of one that comes to a point. With a smaller size value than the base, your pyramid will taper in as it transitions from the base to the top. With a larger value, you create a pyramid that tapers out from the base to the top. To change the number of sides or specify the edge length of a pyramid, select the corresponding option prior to specifying the center point. You can use the Pyramid command to create objects like hexagon bar stock by specifying the top radius size to be the same as the base size. Procedure: Creating a 3D Pyramid The following steps give an overview of creating a solid polygonal pyramid. 1. Start the Pyramid command. 2. Change the number of sides for the polygon base if the default value is different than your current requirements. 3. Specify the base polygonal shape s start position, orientation, and size. Do this by specifying the center point and then the radius to a point on the polygon shape that is circumscribed or inscribed. Or select the Edge suboption and specify the endpoints of one edge. 4. Specify the height to create a 3D pyramid where the sides converge to a point, or select the option Top Radius. 5. If you selected the option Top Radius, specify the radius value for the top. 6. Specify the height to the flat top of the pyramid. 28 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

29 Exercise: Create Individual Solid Primitives In this exercise, you create box, sphere, cylinder, cone, wedge, torus, and pyramid 3D solids. When prompted for the height, move the cursor in the positive Z direction. Enter 50 for height. The completed exercise Create a Box Completing the Exercise To complete the exercise, follow the steps in this book or in the onscreen exercise. In the onscreen list of chapters and exercises, click Chapter 1: 3D Modeling. Click Exercise: Create Individual Solid Primitives. 1. Open M_3D-Solids.dwg. 2. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Box. 3. To define the 3D box: When prompted to specify the first corner, select a point near the UCS. When prompted to specify the other corner, enter L for length. Move the cursor in the positive X direction. Enter 100 for length. When prompted for the width, move the cursor in the positive Y direction. Enter 75 for width. 4. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Box. 5. To specify the center of the box. When prompted to specify the first corner, enter C for center. When prompted to specify the center, click to the right of the first box. 6. To define the box. When prompted to specify a corner, enter L for length. Move the cursor in the positive X direction. Enter 100 for length. When prompted for the width, move the cursor in the positive Y direction. Enter 75 for width. When prompted for the height, move the cursor in the positive Z direction. Enter 50 for height. Lesson: Creating Solid Primitives 29

30 Create a Sphere 1. Make the layer Sphere current. 2. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Sphere. 3. To define the sphere: When prompted to specify a center point, click a point in the positive Y direction of the two boxes. When prompted to specify a radius, enter 50. Create a Cone 1. Make the layer Cone current. 2. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Cone. 3. When prompted to specify the center point of the base, click a point to the right of the cylinder. Create a Cylinder 1. Make the layer Cylinder current. 2. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Cylinder. 3. To define the cylinder: When prompted to specify the center point of the base, click a point to the right of the boxes. When prompted to specify the base radius, enter 50. When prompted to specify a height, enter To create the cone: When prompted to specify the base radius, enter 50. When prompted to specify the height, enter T for Top Radius. Specify a top radius of 25. When prompted to specify a height, enter Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

31 Create a Wedge 1. Make the layer Wedge current. 2. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Wedge. 3. When prompted to specify the first corner, click a point in the positive Y direction from the sphere. 6. To locate the center of a wedge solid: When prompted to specify the first corner, enter C for center. When prompted to specify the center, click to the right of the first wedge. 4. Create the wedge solid. When prompted to specify other corner, enter L for length. Move the cursor in the positive X direction. Enter 100. When prompted to specify the width, move the cursor in the positive Y direction. Enter 75. When prompted to specify the height, move the cursor in the positive Z direction. Enter On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Wedge. 7. To create the wedge solid: When prompted to specify the other corner, enter L for length. Move the cursor in the positive X direction. Enter 100. When prompted to specify the width, move the cursor in the positive Y direction. Enter 75. When prompted to specify the height, move the cursor in the positive Z direction. Enter 50. Lesson: Creating Solid Primitives 31

32 Create a Torus 1. Make the layer Torus current. 2. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Torus. 3. When prompted to specify a center point, click a point in front of the two boxes. 3. To locate the center of the pyramid: When prompted to specify the center point of the base, enter S for sides. When prompted for the number of sides, enter 6. Click a point to the right of the torus. 4. To create the torus: When prompted to specify a radius, enter 50. When prompted to specify the tube radius, enter Create the pyramid. When prompted to specify the base radius, enter 50. When prompted to specify the height, enter On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Pyramid. 6. To locate the edge of a pyramid: When prompted to specify the center point of the base, enter E for edge. Click a point to the right of the first pyramid. Create a Pyramid 1. Make the layer Pyramid current. 2. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Pyramid. 32 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

33 7. To create the second pyramid: When prompted to specify the second endpoint, move the cursor in the positive X direction. Enter 50. When prompted to specify height, enter T, for Top Radius. Enter 25 for the top radius. When prompted to specify height, enter Save and close all files. Lesson: Creating Solid Primitives 33

34 Exercise: Create Solid Primitives In this exercise, you create 3D solid primitives to visualize the layout of a room. 4. To create the bed: When prompted to specify the first corner, click the left corner of the bed (1). When prompted to specify the other corner, click the opposite corner of the bed (2). Enter 24 for the height. The completed exercise Completing the Exercise To complete the exercise, follow the steps in this book or in the onscreen exercise. In the onscreen list of chapters and exercises, click Chapter 1: 3D Modeling. Click Exercise: Create Solid Primitives. 1. Open C_Primitive-Solids.dwg. 5. Make the Lamp layer current. 6. On the Visual Style control panel of the dashboard, click the down arrow next to the text and click 3D Wireframe, for ease of selection in subsequent steps. 2. Make the Bed layer current. 3. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Box. 7. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Cylinder. 34 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

35 8. To create a cylinder: When prompted to specify the center point of the base, use the Center object snap and select the center of the circle (1). When prompted to specify a base radius, use the Quadrant object snap and select a quadrant of the large circle (2). Enter 3 for height. 11. On the Visual Style control panel of the dashboard, click the down arrow next to the text and click Realistic. 9. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Cylinder. 10. To create a second cylinder: When prompted to specify a center point of the base, use the Center object snap and select the center of the circle (1). When prompted to specify a base radius, use the Quadrant object snap and select a quadrant of the small circle (2). Enter 60 for height. 12. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Pyramid. 13. To create the pyramid: When prompted to specify the center point of the base, enter S for sides. When prompted for the number of sides, enter 12. When prompted to specify the center point of the base, use the Center object snap and select the center of the cylinder. Enter 12 when prompted to specify a base radius. Enter T, for top radius, when prompted to specify height. Enter 8 for the top radius. Enter 12 for height. Lesson: Creating Solid Primitives 35

36 14. Make the Light layer current. 15. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Torus. The torus will represent an overhead light. 16. To define the torus: When prompted to specify a center point, enter 106,96,90. Enter 9 when prompted for a radius. Enter 1.5 when prompted for the tube radius. 17. Complete the room by adding the hutch, desk, and other lamp on the appropriate layers. 18. Save and close all files. 36 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

37 Lesson: Creating Models from 2D Profiles Overview This lesson describes how to create surface and solid models by using familiar techniques and geometry to define the size and shape of a model. It also explains how to leverage geometry such as lines, circles, arcs, splines, polylines, and helixes. Using common drawing geometry as the input for creating surface or solid models, you can create some designs quicker than if you created composite models from solid primitives. Common geometry also provides you with a method of creating some 3D designs that would otherwise be impossible to create solely from primitives. You can also combine the solid models you create with these methods with other solids using the various Boolean operations. The following illustration shows a complex solid model created from different cross sections of geometry. Objectives After completing this lesson, you will be able to: Describe the types of models you can create from 2D profiles and the characteristics of models created from 2D profiles. Explain the right-hand rule as it pertains to revolving a profile around an axis. State why you would create solid models from 2D profiles instead of using solid primitives. Create planar surfaces. Use the Polysolid command to create 3D solids. Use the Extrude command to create 3D models. Use the Presspull command to create 3D models. Use the Revolve command to create 3D models. Use the Helix command to create a helical path. Use the Sweep command to create 3D models. Use the Loft command to create 3D models. Lesson: Creating Models from 2D Profiles 37

38 About Models from 2D Profiles In this section of the lesson, you learn about creating 3D models from 2D profiles you draw with lines, circles, arcs, polylines, and splines. When you understand the types of models you can create from 2D profiles and the characteristics of these models, you will be able to identify when and where it is appropriate to use these methods in your designs. In the following illustration, multiple models are shown that were created from 2D profile geometry using various methods. Definition of Models from 2D Profiles The phrase models from 2D profiles refers to the solid and surface models you create from selected 2D profiles. These profiles consist of geometry that you draw to represent a contour or slice of the shape you want to create. In some cases, you have to create profile geometry in a flat plane anywhere in space; in other cases, you can create geometry that traverses in all directions through space. The profile is also defined as being either an open loop or closed loop profile. Open loops are profiles where a single object does not return to its starting point and close itself. Closed loop profiles are defined by a single object that does return to its starting point. The reason open and closed looped profiles are not defined as creating one type of model or the other is because the resulting model depends upon the selected profile geometry and the model creation method. The results of model creation from profiles include: A planar surface. A multiple segmented solid of straight and arc segments. An extruded surface or solid. A revolved surface or solid. A swept surface or solid. A lofted surface or solid. 38 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

39 2D Profiles to 3D Models Methods The following illustrations show the 2D profile geometry used to create the surface and solid models using different creation methods. When the surface or solid is created, you can have the original profile geometry automatically deleted or maintained, or you can be prompted to keep or delete the geometry based on the DELOBJ system variable setting. Creation Method Initial 2D Profile Surface and Solid Models Created from 2D Profiles Planar Surface Multiple Segmented Solids Extruded Revolved Swept Lofted Lesson: Creating Models from 2D Profiles 39

40 Surface or Solid The following chart summarizes the characteristics of the profile geometry and the model type you create when extruding, revolving, sweeping, or lofting that profile. Characteristics of 2D Profile Surface Solid A single object creating a closed loop. A single object creating an open loop. An open or closed loop composed of multiple objects. X X X Example of Models Created from 2D Profiles Every object around you can be modeled from geometry drawn as a profile: objects such as the desk you sit at, the building you sit in, and the roads and sidewalks you travel on. A specific example would be to use the geometry in a site plan and create a 3D representation of that site. You can use the outline of the building s foundation to create a solid model showing the building s location, shape, and size. Then illustrate the grade of the site by generating a surface that is a loft between the different contour lines. About the Right-Hand Rule of Rotation During the process of revolving a profile around an axis, you have the option to revolve either a full 360 degrees or a specified angle. If you specify an angle, that value can be positive or negative. When you understand the right-hand rule, you can determine if you should specify a positive or negative value to achieve the needed results. Definition of the Right-Hand Rule of Rotation You can apply the right-hand rule of rotation when repositioning an object in 3D space by rotating it. Or you can use it to assist you in determining the positive and negative direction of revolution when creating a surface or solid model. 40 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

41 To determine the positive direction of revolution, start by pointing your thumb in the positive direction of the axis to revolve around. Then curl your fingers toward your palm. The direction your fingers curve indicates the positive direction of revolution. Example of Applying the Right-Hand Rule of Rotation In the following example, the 2D geometry on the left was copied so it could be used as the 2D profile for the two revolved solids. During the Revolve command, the axis of revolution was defined as going along the edge of the solid box. Based on the right-hand rule and with a representation shown in the illustration, to create the first solid revolve (1), you specify a positive value. To create the second revolved solid (2), you specify a negative value. Choosing a Model Creation Method As you learn more model creation methods, you have more methods to choose from when creating your designs. In some cases, the same model design can be created using very different modeling methods. In those cases, the right modeling method to use is the quickest one. To help you determine which method to use, there are a few questions you should consider prior to starting your design. Once you know the questions to ask yourself, you will be able to identify when to create the model from profile geometry instead of solid primitives. Lesson: Creating Models from 2D Profiles 41

42 How to Decide Which Model Creation Method to Use Each time you begin the process of creating a model, you follow a decision-making process similar to the one shown here. Creating a Model Using the Planar Surface Command You use the Planar Surface command to create surfaces in a flat plane. You either draw a rectangular surface in a flat plane or convert a closed loop planar object into a planar surface. Closed loop planar objects you can convert include circles, ellipses, polylines, and splines. If you convert a closed loop object, the DELOBJ system variable determines whether the original object is automatically deleted. Planar Surface can be used to provide a backdrop for viewing or rendering. In the following illustration, the rectangular planar surface was newly created within the command and the other surfaces were created from existing closed loop planar objects. 42 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

43 Command Access Planar Surface Command Line: Planesurf Menu: Draw > Modeling > Planesurf Toolbar: Modeling Dashboard: 3D Make control panel Procedure: Creating a Planar Surface The following steps give an overview of creating a planar surface. 1. Start the Planar Surface (Planesurf) command. 2. If creating a new rectangular planar surface, specify the first corner. If converting a closed loop planar object, select the Object suboption. 3. Specify the other corner of the rectangular planar surface or select the objects to convert to planar surfaces. 4. Select Yes or No to delete or keep the defining objects if you are converting an object and the DELOBJ system variable is set to prompt before deleting or keeping the defining objects. Creating a Model Using the Polysolid Command You create multiple segmented solids using the Polysolid command. Multiple segmented solids are 3D solids that consist of a rectangular profile and a single line path the rectangular profile follows. When creating a solid using Polysolid, you first set the width and height values for the rectangle profile. Then you draw the path of lines and arcs, like drawing a polyline, or select existing geometry to define the path. Being able to set the size and create the path of the solid is vital to achieving the proper final results. In the following illustration, the solid model on the left was created by drawing lines and an arc segment and the solid model on the right was created by selecting an existing circle. Converting circles in this manner can be an efficient way of creating tubular solid models. Lesson: Creating Models from 2D Profiles 43

44 Command Access Polysolid Command Line: Polysolid Menu: Draw > Modeling > Polysolid Toolbar: Modeling Dashboard: 3D Make control panel Options for Creating Solid Models Using Polysolid Following the command prompts and a typical workflow, you create a 3D solid by drawing straight line segments in the same plane that will be located in the center at the bottom of the solid model. Before clicking the beginning point of the first straight line segment, you should set the height and width of the rectangular profile. In the following illustration, a solid model was created following the center path from left to right. The defining characteristics of the rectangular profile are also notated. Polysolid Options You can select a variety of suboptions within the Polysolid command to create a model that meets your design criteria. Option Height Width Justify Description Use to set the distance from the plane the path is being drawn on to the top of the rectangular profile. Use to set the width of the rectangular profile. Use to align the rectangular profile relative to the path being drawn. Options are Left, Center (the default), and Right justification. 44 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

45 Option Object Arc Line Close Description Use to make use of existing planar geometry as a path for the rectangular profile. Use to create arc instead of straight path segments. Select the Arc suboption Direction to change the direction the arc is tangent to the last point, so you can draw the arc in a direction other than its default direction. Use to switch back to creating straight path segments after selecting the Arc suboption. Use to have the last segment automatically connect to the start point of the first segment. Procedure: Creating a Solid Model Using Polysolid The following steps give an overview of creating a solid model using the Polysolid command by drawing the path within the command. 1. Start the Polysolid command. 2. Ensure the Height, Width, and Justify suboptions are set according to your design requirements. 3. Specify the starting point. 4. Switch back and forth between the Arc and Line suboptions and specify the next point for the needed straight and arc segments. 5. Press ENTER to complete the command. Procedure: Creating a Solid Model from Existing Objects Using Polysolid The following steps give an overview of creating a solid model based on existing planar objects using the Polysolid command. 1. Start the Polysolid command. 2. Ensure the Height, Width, and Justify suboptions are set according to your design requirements. 3. Select the Object suboption. 4. Select the objects to use as paths. 5. Select Yes or No to delete or keep the defining objects if the DELOBJ system variable is set to prompt before deleting or keeping the defining objects. Lesson: Creating Models from 2D Profiles 45

46 Creating a Model Using the Extrude Command You use the Extrude command to create 3D models from geometry representing a 2D profile of that model. When you extrude a profile, a model is created a specified distance and direction between the original planar profile and a projection of that profile. You create a solid model if you select a single closed loop object. If you select open loop geometry or a closed loop composed of separate objects, you create a surface model. Extruding geometry representing a profile of a desired model is an easy way to create a multisided model. This method of solid model creation can be quite a bit faster than creating and combining primitive solids. You will be more productive and successful in extruding profiles if you know how to use the Extrude command and its options to control the model s creation. In the following illustration, different models were created from variations of the same profile shape and command options. Command Access Extrude Command Line: Extrude Menu: Draw > Modeling > Extrude Toolbar: Modeling Dashboard: 3D Make control panel 46 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

47 Extrude Options Following the command prompts and a typical workflow, you create a 3D model by selecting the planar profile geometry and then specifying a positive or negative height. You specify the height by typing in a value or by clicking a point in the drawing. After you specify the height, the model is created in a direction perpendicular to the plane where the profile geometry resides. You can use the Extrude command s suboptions to create a 3D model that meets your design criteria. Option Direction Description Use to specify a linear extrusion direction and distance other than perpendicular to the plane of the cross-sectional geometry. The face at the end of the extrusion is parallel to the plane where the cross-sectional geometry resides. Path Taper Angle Use to extrude the cross-sectional geometry along other geometry. You can create the path anywhere in space and the extrude will follow a parallel path starting at the crosssectional geometry. Throughout the path and on the end, the cross section will be perpendicular to the path and not parallel to its original plane. NOTE: This option is very much like the Sweep command except the model is created based on the position of the cross-sectional geometry and not the path location. Use to have the model get narrower or wider as it extrudes away from the crosssectional geometry. Specify a positive angle value to have the model get smaller and a negative angle value to have it get larger as it extrudes. Surface model was created because the closed loop was not a single object, unlike the other four examples, where the closed loop was a single object. Solid model created after specifying a height and following the default workflow. The results of using the Direction suboption and specifying a direction between two points. The results of using the Path suboption and selecting the 3D spline shown. The results of specifying a positive Taper Angle and a height. Lesson: Creating Models from 2D Profiles 47

48 Procedure: Creating a Model Using Extrude The following steps give an overview of creating a model by extruding a 2D profile. 1. Draw the 2D profile. 2. Start the Extrude command. 3. Select the objects to be extruded. 4. If the model needs to get larger or smaller as the profile is extruded, select and specify a taper angle. 5. Specify the height, or select the creation method Direction or Path. 6. If you selected the Direction or Path suboptions, specify the distance and direction of the extrusion by clicking the two points or selecting the geometry. 7. Select Yes or No to delete or keep the defining objects if the DELOBJ system variable is set to prompt before deleting or keeping the defining objects. Creating a Model Using the Presspull Command Using the Presspull command, you create a solid model by pressing or pulling a planar bounded area. You can create multisided models from profile areas very quickly using this method. You create them quickly since these areas are often the result of different operations or the intersection of different objects. Since this command only requires a closed boundary, you do not have to modify the existing geometry or create a new single object outlining the area for the purpose of creating a solid model. In the following illustration, several planar objects are shown intersecting each other and thereby creating multiple bounded areas. The solid models were then created using the Presspull command and by selecting within two of those bounded areas. Command Access Presspull Command Line: Presspull, or hold CTRL+ALT Toolbar: Modeling Dashboard: 3D Make control panel 48 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

49 Bounded Areas for Pressing or Pulling When pressing or pulling a bounded area, you create a solid model in a positive or negative perpendicular direction relative to the plane of the bounded area. The resulting solid model has the characteristics of an extruded solid model. The bounded areas you can press or pull include: Areas defined as a closed loop but created with multiple individual planar objects. Areas defined by the intersection of multiple planar objects. Areas defined by planar faces. Areas defined by the intersection of planar objects and the edges of a planar face. In order for the area to be calculated, it must either reside on the current UCS or be part of an existing face on a solid. Bounded areas that are not on the current UCS and are not part of an existing face are not selected. When you press or pull a bounded area of a face on a 3D model, that solid model becomes a composite solid if it was not previously defined as one. The pressed or pulled area then becomes a new consumed solid. Procedure: Creating Solids with Presspull The following steps describe how to create solids with the Presspull command. 1. Create boundaries that represent massing objects by drawing objects such as circles, polylines, and rectangles. NOTE: In this example, each circle intersection represents a potential presspull boundary. 2. On the 3D Make control panel, click Presspull; or press and hold CTRL+ALT. Click and drag inside each boundary to adjust the height. Lesson: Creating Models from 2D Profiles 49

50 Creating a Model Using the Revolve Command You use the Revolve command to create an arcing or circular 3D model from geometry representing a profile of that model. When you revolve a profile, you spin the profile around a defined axis. The amount of revolution can be a full 360 degrees or any start and stop angle within 360 degrees. You create a solid model if you select a single closed loop object as the profile. If you select open loop geometry or a closed loop composed of separate objects, then you create a surface model. For some models that show material that is bent, rolled, or cast in an arc or circular shape, revolving a profile is the only way to achieve the needed results. In other cases it will just be a lot faster to draw a profile and revolve it than to create and combine solid primitives. You will be more productive and successful in revolving profiles if you know how to use the Revolve command and its options to control the model s creation. In the following illustration, different models were created from variations of the same profile shape and command options. Surface model was created because the profile geometry was modified to be individual objects. Unlike the other three examples where the profiles were closed loops. Solid model created after defining the axis and revolving 360 degrees. The results of specifying 180 degrees instead of 360 degrees. The results of specifying a starting angle other than 0 and not revolving a full 360 degrees. Command Access Revolve Command Line: Revolve Menu: Draw > Modeling > Revolve Toolbar: Modeling Dashboard: 3D Make control panel 50 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

51 Revolve Options Following the command prompts and a typical workflow, you create a 3D model by selecting the planar profile geometry, specifying the start and end points for the axis of revolution, and specifying the total number of degrees the profile revolves. The positive and negative angle of revolution is determined by the axis of revolution and the right-hand rule of rotation. The positive direction for the axis of revolution extends from the first axis point you pick toward the second axis point. You can select different suboptions of the Revolve command to create a 3D model that meets your design criteria. Option Description Object X / Y / Z Start Angle Use to revolve the selected profile geometry around a line segment. For purposes of applying the right-hand rule, the positive direction of the axis extends from the closest endpoint of the selected line toward the other end. Use to revolve the selected profile geometry around its corresponding axis in the current coordinate system alignment. Use to have the profile start revolving and creating a model at a position other than the plane on which it resides. The angle you specify follows the right-hand rule of rotation around the defined axis of revolution. Procedure: Creating a Model Using Revolve The following steps give an overview of creating a model by revolving a 2D profile. 1. Draw the 2D profile. Also draw the axis to revolve around if you want to use the Object suboption to define the axis of revolution. 2. Start the Revolve command. 3. Select the objects to be revolved. 4. Define the axis to revolve around. 5. Specify the angle of revolution. 6. Select Yes or No to delete or keep the defining objects if the DELOBJ system variable is set to prompt before deleting or keeping the defining objects. Lesson: Creating Models from 2D Profiles 51

52 Creating a Helical Path Unlike lines, circles, and arcs that can be used to represent all types of design items, the main purpose of the helix is to function as a path for a swept or lofted model. Being able to access the Helix command and create a helical path as required for your design can save you time in completing your 3D model. In the following illustration, different helical paths illustrate the results of some of the available creation and command options. Command Access Helix Helix Options Command Line: Helix Menu: Draw > Helix Toolbar: Modeling Dashboard: 3D Make control panel Following the command prompts and a typical workflow, you create a 3D helix by specifying the center point of the base, the radius or diameter of the base, the radius or diameter of the top, and the height of the helix. To create a planar spiral using the Helix command, you specify the center point of the spiral, the outside or inside radius or diameter, the radius or diameter of the opposite of what was just specified, and a height of zero (0). Once you understand the impact and use of the Helix command s options, you can identify how they can assist you in creating your 3D designs more quickly and easily. After setting the options and creating the helix, you can access and manipulate the values of these suboptions through the Properties tool palette. 52 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

53 Option Axis Endpoint Turns Turn Height Twist Description Use to specify the top center point of the helix. This value sets the helix height. It also reorients the helix so its center axis extends from its base center point to the selected axis endpoint, in effect rotating the helix to this new alignment. Use to set the number of revolutions for the helix. You can specify a whole or decimal value. Use to set a positive distance between each turn. You can also think of this value as the pitch between revolutions of the helix. Use to set the rotation of the helix to clockwise or counter clockwise. Procedure: Creating a Helix The following steps give an overview of creating a helix. 1. Start the Helix command. 2. Specify the center point of the base. 3. Specify the radius or diameter of the base. 4. Specify the radius or diameter at the top for a 3D helix. Or, specify the inner- or outermost radius or diameter for a planar spiral. 5. Select a suboption to modify the creation of the helix or specify the height. Creating a Model Using the Sweep Command You use the Sweep command to create a model that has a more free form or compound shape; that is, a shape that is not solely linear and does not have a single axis it can revolve around. You create a swept model by having planar profile geometry follow the path defined by another piece of geometry. You create a solid model if you select a single closed loop object as the profile. If you select open loop geometry or a closed loop composed of separate objects as the profile, then you create a surface model. When selecting the sweep path, you can only select one object but that object can be an open or closed loop. By sweeping a profile along a path to create a model, you can create a complex model quickly and easily without having to create and combine multiple models to achieve the required results. You will be more productive and successful in sweeping profiles along a path if you know how to use the Sweep command and its options to control the model s creation. Lesson: Creating Models from 2D Profiles 53

54 In the following illustration, the Sweep command was used to create the models. The differences between them arise from the profiles or paths that were selected or the suboption that was used in their creation. Solid model created by sweeping the square along the helical path shown to the right of the model. Two solid models of the same square profile swept along the same straight line. The difference occurred when the right model had an angle value set for the Twist suboption. Solid model created after sweeping the closed loop profile along the spline path. Surface model was created because the profile was modified to be individual objects. Unlike the other three examples where the profile was a closed loop. Command Access Sweep Command Line: Sweep Menu: Draw > Modeling > Sweep Toolbar: Modeling Dashboard: 3D Make control panel 54 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

55 Sweep Options Following the command prompts and a typical workflow, you create a 3D model by selecting the planar profile geometry and then the path that the geometry follows. When the model is created, the mathematical center point of the cross section aligns with the starting point of the path. The planar profile geometry also rotates in 3D space so it is perpendicular to the path s starting point. You can control and change the way the profile is swept along the path by selecting and changing the values of the different command suboptions. Once you understand the impact and use of the Sweep command s options, you can identify how to use them to create your 3D designs more quickly and easily. Option Alignment Base Point Scale Twist Description Additional Object Types Use to have the profile geometry maintain its current angle at the start point of the path instead of it being rotated so it is perpendicular to the start point of the path. Also set to No if, during the automatic alignment, the profile is getting flipped or rotated in the wrong direction. Use to select a point on the profile geometry, other than its center, that you want to have match up with the path. Use to have the profile be a specific factor larger or smaller than the original profile geometry. Use to create a complex model just by drawing one profile and one path. Use to rotate the profile geometry a specified number of degrees as it travels from the start to the end of the path. Use to create a complex model just by drawing one profile and one path. In addition to the standard objects that can be swept or used as a path, such as lines, arcs, and circles, the following objects can also be used within the Sweep command. Object Type Planar faces of a solid Edges of a solid or surface Sweep Uses Press CTRL+select to use as the swept profile. Press CTRL+select an edge to use as the path for the sweep. Lesson: Creating Models from 2D Profiles 55

56 Procedure: Creating a Model Using Sweep The following steps give an overview of creating a model by sweeping a 2D profile. 1. Draw the 2D profile. 2. Draw the path for the sweep unless you will be using existing edges of a solid or surface. 3. Start the Sweep command. 4. Select the profile objects to sweep. 5. Select the suboption Alignment, Base Point, Scale, or Twist to change the model s creation behavior or values from the defaults. 6. Select the path. NOTE: To select an edge from a solid or surface, hold the CTRL key while selecting the edge. 7. Select Yes or No to delete or keep the defining objects if the DELOBJ system variable is set to prompt before deleting or keeping the defining objects. When drawing a planar profile in a different alignment in 3D space and a path that traverses through 3D space, start by creating solid primitives as bounding boxes to your design. You can then use the dynamic UCS functionality and object snaps to quickly and easily draw the planar profile and paths in 3D space. Creating a Model Using the Loft Command You use the Loft command to create models of free form shape. This can be a model that changes from one shape to another or one that changes its size and orientation in 3D space. When you create a lofted model, you select multiple cross sections and the model transitions in size, shape, and form from one cross section to another. The shape and size of a lofted model can also be influenced by other cross sections that act as guide rails as it transitions its shape and size between the cross sections. You create a solid model if you select a closed loop object for the cross sections. If you select open loop geometry or a closed loop composed of separate objects for the cross sections, then you will create a surface model. 56 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

57 In the following illustration, the Loft command was used to create different models from the same set of geometry. The differences between them arise from the cross sections, guides, paths, or options that were used in their creation. Input geometry for the different models. Consists of two closed loop cross sections, one a circle and the other a polyline; and three open loop cross sections, two lines and a spline. Surface model created by selecting the open loop geometry as the cross sections and the closed loop geometry as guides. Solid model created by selecting the closed loop geometry as the cross sections and the open loop geometry as guides. Solid model created by selecting the closed loop geometry as the cross sections and the spline on the right as a path. Solid model created by only selecting the closed loop geometry and selecting the Ruled loft setting. Solid model created by only selecting the closed loop geometry and selecting the Smooth Fit loft setting. Solid model created by only selecting the closed loop geometry and selecting the Draft Angles loft setting with a 90 degree start angle and end angle for 50% of the distance. Lesson: Creating Models from 2D Profiles 57

58 Command Access Loft Command Line: Loft Menu: Draw > Modeling > Loft Toolbar: Modeling Dashboard: 3D Make control panel Loft Options Following the command prompts and a typical workflow, you create a 3D model by selecting a minimum of two cross-section profiles in the order in which they are to transition from one to the other. You then control the way the loft transitions from one profile to the other by selecting a transition method in the Loft Settings dialog box. Instead of defining the lofted model with just the cross-section profiles, you can also use guiding geometry or a path. Once you understand the impact and use of the Loft command s options, you will be able to use them to create your 3D designs more quickly and easily. Option Guides Path Cross-Sections Only Description Use to control the shape and way the model transitions from one profile to another. You can select either multiple open or multiple closed loops as guides but they must intersect each profile. Ensure the LOFTNORMALS system variable is set to 1 prior to starting the Loft command and using the Guides option. Use to select a single object that defines the route to create the model between the profile. It can be an open or closed loop but it must intersect each profile. The default option. Use to create a model that transitions only between the selected profiles. You control the transition method from one profile to the other with the options in the Loft Settings dialog box. 58 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

59 Transition Options in the Loft Settings Dialog Box Select from one of the four options to control the loft transition when using the Cross-Sections Only option. Ruled Use to create a loft that transitions from one cross section to another in a linear fashion. When more than two cross sections are selected, you will have an edge at any cross section between the first and last cross section. Smooth Fit Use when you select more than two cross sections and you want a smooth aesthetic transition between all of the cross sections. Normal To Use to have the model transition so its sides are perpendicular to the plane for all cross sections, for the start and end cross sections only, for the start cross section only, or for the end cross section only. Draft Angles Use to set the transition angle and the percentage of the distance between the cross sections of the model sides for the start and end cross sections. Lesson: Creating Models from 2D Profiles 59

60 Procedure: Creating a Model Using Loft The following steps give an overview of creating a model by lofting cross-section profiles. 1. Draw the cross-section profiles. 2. Draw the guiding geometry or path the cross sections will transition through if you want to control the loft s creation in this manner. 3. Start the Loft command. 4. Select the cross sections in the order in which they are to loft from one to the other. 5. Specify what will control the transitioning from one cross section to another by selecting guiding geometry, geometry as a path, or just the cross sections themselves. 6. If the transition is controlled by the cross section, in the Loft Settings dialog box, specify the control method. 7. Select Yes or No to delete or keep the defining objects if the DELOBJ system variable is set to prompt before deleting or keeping the defining objects. When drawing geometry in 3D space for a loft s profiles, guiding geometry, or path, start by creating solid primitives as bounding boxes to your design. You can then use the dynamic UCS functionality and object snaps to quickly and easily draw the geometry in 3D space. 60 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

61 Exercises: Specific Commands and Model Types In this exercise, you will complete a number of short exercises where you use different commands to create surface and solid models from 2D profiles. Models you create include: planar surfaces, solids using Polysolid, and extruded, revolved, swept, and lofted surfaces and solids. 3. To create the location for the home: On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Planar Surface. When prompted to select objects, use object snaps to select one end of the small rectangle. When prompted for the other corner, select the opposite end of the rectangle. The completed exercise Completing the Exercise To complete the exercise, follow the steps in this book or in the onscreen exercise. In the onscreen list of chapters and exercises, click Chapter 1: 3D Modeling. Click Exercise: Specific Commands and Model Types. Create Surface Using Planar Surface 1. Open C_Planar-Surfaces.dwg. 4. Make the Lake layer current. 5. To create the lake: On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Planar Surface. When prompted for the first corner, enter the letter O for object. When prompted to select objects, window select the cyan outline of the lake. NOTE: The grid is turned off for clarity. 2. Make the Foundation layer current. 6. Make the Driveway layer current. Lesson: Creating Models from 2D Profiles 61

62 7. To create the driveway: On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Planar Surface. When prompted for the first corner, enter the letter O for object. When prompted to select objects, select the outline of the driveway. Create Solids Using Polysolid 1. Open I_Polysolids.dwg or M_Polysolids.dwg. 8. Make the Lot layer current. 9. To create the proposed lot: On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Planar Surface. When prompted to select objects, use an object snap and select one corner of the large rectangle. When prompted to select the other corner, select the opposite end. 2. On the 3D Make panel of the dashboard, click Polysolid. 3. To create a handrail around the deck: When prompted for the start point, enter H, for height. Enter 5' [1500]. When prompted for the start point, enter W, for width. Enter 4" [100]. 4. To define the polysolid: When prompted for the start point, use the Endpoint object snap to select the far end of the deck. When prompted for the next point, use the Endpoint object snap to select the beginning of the arc. Enter A, for arc. When prompted for the next point, use the Endpoint object snap to select the end of the arc. Enter L, for line. When prompted for the next point, use the Endpoint object snap to select the near end of the deck. 10. Save and close all files. 62 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

63 5. Make the Fence layer current. 6. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Polysolid. 7. To create a fence around the pool area: When prompted for the start point, enter H, for height. Enter 8' [2500]. When prompted for the start point, enter W, for width. Enter 4" [100]. 12. To define the polysolid: When prompted for the start point, enter O, for object. When prompted for the next point, select the circle. 8. To define the polysolid: When prompted for the start point, use the Endpoint object snap to select the end point of the green line to the left. When prompted for the next point, use the Endpoint object snap to select each segment of the green lines. 9. Make the Pool layer current. 10. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Polysolid. 13. Save and close all files. Create Extruded Solids 1. Open C_Extruded-Solids.dwg. 11. To create the pool: When prompted for the start point, enter H, for height. Enter 4' [1250]. When prompted for the start point, enter W, for width. Enter 6" [150]. 2. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Extrude. Lesson: Creating Models from 2D Profiles 63

64 3. To extrude the left circle: Select the left circle. When prompted to specify the extrusion height, enter To extrude the third circle: Select the remaining circle. When prompted for an extrusion height, enter P, for path. Select the polyline when prompted for the extrusion path. 4. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Extrude. 5. To extrude the other circle: Select the remaining circle. When prompted for an extrusion height, enter T, for taper angle. Enter 5. When prompted for the extrusion height, enter Save and close all files. Create Extruded Surfaces 1. Open C_Extruded-Surface.dwg. 6. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Extrude. 2. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Extrude. 64 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

65 3. To extrude the two arcs: Select the two arcs in the center of the profile. When prompted for the height, enter T, for taper angle. Enter 5. When prompted for the height, enter On the 3D Navigate control panel of the dashboard, click Top in the list. 4. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Extrude. 5. To extrude the remaining eight lines and arcs: Select the remaining lines and arcs. When prompted for the height, enter On the 3D Navigate control panel of the dashboard, click Parallel Projection. 8. Save and close all files. Lesson: Creating Models from 2D Profiles 65

66 Create a Revolved Solid 1. Open C_Revolved-Solid.dwg. 2. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Revolve. 3. To revolve the large circle on the right: Select the circle. When prompted for an object to define the axis, enter O, for object. Select the centerline. When prompted for an angle of revolution, enter Make the layer Partial current. 5. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Revolve. 6. To revolve the other circle: Select the remaining circle. Use Endpoint object snaps and select the endpoints of the centerline from left to right. When prompted to specify an angle of revolution, enter ST for Start Angle. Enter 90. When prompted to specify an angle of revolution, enter Make the Polyline layer current. 8. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Revolve. 9. To revolve the polyline profile: Select the polyline profile. Use Endpoint object snaps and select the endpoints of the centerline from left to right. When prompted to specify an angle of revolution, enter Save and close all files. 66 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

67 Create a Revolved Surface 1. Open C_Revolved-Surfaces.dwg. 4. To revolve the orange lines and arcs: Select the orange lines and arcs. When prompted to specify the axis start, use Endpoint object snaps and select the centerline from bottom to top. When prompted for the angle, enter Freeze the Surface layer. 5. Thaw all layers. 3. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Revolve. 6. Save and close all files. Lesson: Creating Models from 2D Profiles 67

68 Create Swept Solids 1. Open C_Swept-Solids.dwg. 2. Freeze the following layers: Sweep 2 Sweep 3 Sweep 4 3. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Sweep. 4. To sweep the circle profile: Select the circle profile. When prompted to select the sweep path, select the polyline. 5. Thaw the Sweep2 layer and make it current. 6. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Sweep. 7. To sweep the square profile: Select the square profile. When prompted to select the sweep path, enter T, for twist. Enter 45. When prompted to select a sweep path, select the polyline. 8. Thaw the Sweep3 layer and make it current. 9. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Sweep. [ 68 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

69 10. To sweep the square profile: Select the square profile. When prompted to select a sweep path, enter A, for alignment. When prompted to align the sweep object, enter Y, for yes. When prompted to select a sweep path, select the polyline. Create Helical Sweeps 1. Open C_Helix.dwg. 2. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click 3D Make to access additional commands. 11. Thaw the Sweep4 layer and make it current. 12. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Sweep. 13. To sweep the square profile: Select the square profile. When prompted to select a sweep path, enter A, for alignment. When prompted to align the sweep object, enter N, for no. When prompted to select a sweep path, select the polyline. 3. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Helix. 4. To create a helix: When prompted to specify the center point of the base, enter 50,50. When prompted to specify a base radius, enter 40. When prompted to specify a top radius, enter 20. When prompted to specify the helix height, enter T, for turns. When prompted to enter number of turns, enter 5. When prompted to specify the helix height, enter Click View menu > Zoom > Extents. 5. To display the Draw toolbar: Right-click any toolbar. Click Draw. 6. On the Draw toolbar, click Circle. 15. Save and close all files. Lesson: Creating Models from 2D Profiles 69

70 7. To create the circle: When prompted to specify a center point, select the base endpoint of the helix path. When prompted for the radius, enter On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Sweep. 9. To sweep the circle profile: Select the circle profile. When prompted to select a sweep path, enter A, for alignment. When prompted to align the sweep object, enter Y, for yes. When prompted to select a sweep path, select the helix. 12. To create another helix: When prompted to specify the center point of the base, enter 150,50. When prompted to specify a base radius, enter 40. When prompted to specify a top radius, enter 20. When prompted to specify the helix height, enter T, for turns. When prompted for the number of turns, enter 3. When prompted to specify the helix height, enter On the Draw toolbar, click Circle. 10. Make the layer Helix2 current. 11. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Helix. 70 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

71 14. To create the circle: When prompted to specify a center point, select the base endpoint of the helix path. When prompted for the circle radius, enter To sweep the circle profile: Select the circle profile. When prompted to select a sweep path, enter A, for alignment. When prompted to align the sweep object, enter Y, for yes. When prompted to select a sweep path, select the helix. 15. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Sweep. 17. Save and close all files. Lesson: Creating Models from 2D Profiles 71

72 Create Lofted Solids 1. Open C_Loft-Solids.dwg. 4. To loft three cross-section profiles: Select the three cross sections: circle, rectangle, and circle in order, from top to bottom. When prompted to enter an option, press ENTER. In the Loft Settings dialog box, click OK. 2. Freeze the following layers: Loft 2 Loft 3 Loft 4 Verify that Loft 1 is the current layer. 5. Thaw the Loft 2 layer and make it current. 6. Freeze the Loft 1 layer. 3. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Loft. 7. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Loft. 72 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

73 8. To loft the cross-section profiles: When prompted to select cross sections in lofting order, select the top circle first, then the bottom circle. When prompted to enter an option, enter G, for guides. When prompted to select guide curves, select the two vertical arcs. 12. To loft the cross-section profiles: When prompted to select cross sections in lofting order, select the two circles, top to bottom. When prompted to enter an option, enter P, for path. When prompted to select a path curve, select the vertical arc. 9. Thaw the Loft 3 layer and make it current. 10. Freeze the Loft 2 layer. 13. Thaw the Loft 4 layer and make it current. 14. Freeze the Loft 3 layer. 11. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Loft. 15. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Loft. Lesson: Creating Models from 2D Profiles 73

74 16. To loft the cross-section profiles: When prompted to select cross sections in lofting order, select the two circles on the left from top to bottom. In the Loft Setting dialog box, click OK. 19. To experiment with different settings: Select the Preview changes box to turn on previews. Enter different values for Draft Angle settings. NOTE: You might have to move the dialog box to see the changes. 20. Click OK. 17. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Loft. 18. To loft cross-section profiles: When prompted to select cross sections in lofting order, select the two circles on the right from top to bottom. In the Loft Settings dialog box, set values 1 to 5 as shown: 21. Thaw all layers. 22. Save and close all files. 74 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

75 Create Lofted Surfaces 1. Open C_Loft-Surfaces.dwg. 2. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Loft. 3. To create the lofted surface: When prompted to select cross sections, select the orange polylines. When prompted to enter an option, enter G, for guides. When prompted to select guide curves, select the green polylines. 4. Save and close all files. Lesson: Creating Models from 2D Profiles 75

76 Exercise: Create Solid Models from 2D Profiles In this exercise, you create an arched doorway by creating solid models from 2D profiles. 2. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Extrude. 3. To extrude the two cyan objects: Select the two cyan objects. When prompted for the extrusion height, enter a value of 6'-8" [2100]. The completed exercise Completing the Exercise To complete the exercise, follow the steps in this book or in the onscreen exercise. In the onscreen list of chapters and exercises, click Chapter 1: 3D Modeling. Click Exercise: Create Solid Models from 2D Profiles. 1. Open the I_Creating-Solids-from-2D- Profiles.dwg or M_Creating-Solids-from- 2D-Profiles.dwg drawing. 4. Make the Archway-Sweep layer current and freeze the Post-Extrude layer. 5. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Sweep. 76 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

77 6. To sweep the orange profile: Select the orange profile. When prompted to select the sweep path, enter A, for alignment. When prompted to align the sweep object perpendicular to the path, enter N, for no. When prompted to select a sweep path, select the green path. 10. To create the ornamental button: Select the magenta profile. When prompted for the axis start point, select point (1) from the illustration. When prompted for the axis end point, select point (2). 7. To prepare to create the ornamental button: Thaw the Button layer and make it current. Freeze the Archway-Sweep layer. 8. To restore the ornament view: On the 3D Navigate control panel, select Ornament in the View list. 11. When prompted for the angle of revolution, enter On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Revolve. Lesson: Creating Models from 2D Profiles 77

78 12. Thaw all layers and zoom to the drawing extents. 15. On the Modify toolbar, click Array. In the Array dialog box, click the Select Objects button and select the solid you revolved previously located near the lower right part of the extrusion. Enter the values shown in the following illustration: 13. To rotate the UCS: Click Tools menu > New UCS > X. When prompted for a rotation angle, enter ' [300] -2'-9" [-850] 16. Click OK. 14. To display the Modify toolbar: Right-click any toolbar. Click Modify. 78 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

79 17. Zoom to the drawing extents. 18. Save and close all files. Lesson: Creating Models from 2D Profiles 79

80 Exercise: Create Surface Models from 2D Profiles In this exercise, you combine surface models with existing solid models to complete an assembly of a staircase. You use surface modeling commands and profile geometry to create the surface models. Completing the Exercise To complete the exercise, follow the steps in this book or in the onscreen exercise. In the onscreen list of chapters and exercises, click Chapter 1: 3D Modeling. Click Exercise: Create Surface Models from 2D Profiles. The completed exercise 1. Open C_Creating-Surfaces-from-2D- Profiles.dwg. 2. To set a system variable so that a profile is not consumed by a solid feature: Enter DELOBJ on the command line. Enter 0. NOTE: This variable specifies that all defining geometry is retained when creating a 3D object. 3. Make the Extrude layer current and Freeze all other layers. 4. Zoom in on the square. 5. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Extrude. 80 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

81 6. To create an extruded surface: Select all four segments that form the square. When prompted for the extrusion height, enter -4 (specify a negative value). 9. To enclose the box: When prompted for the extrusion height, move the cursor in the positive Z direction and enter 4. Copy the new surface to the other side. 7. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Extrude. 8. To create another surface: Use a window to select the bottom line as illustrated. 10. Thaw the CenterLine and Revolve layers. 11. Make the Revolve layer current. 12. Freeze the Extrude layer. 13. Zoom in on the profile. 14. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Revolve. Lesson: Creating Models from 2D Profiles 81

82 15. To create the ornament: Select the cyan profile. When prompted for the axis start point, enter O for object. When prompted to select objects, select the centerline. When prompted for the angle of revolution, enter To create the hand rail: Select the profile. When prompted to select the sweep path, enter A for Alignment. When prompted to align the sweep object perpendicular to the path before the sweep, enter No. When prompted to select the sweep path, select the path. 16. Thaw the Sweep layer and make it current. 17. Freeze the Revolve layer. 20. Thaw all layers. 18. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Sweep. 21. Save and close all files. 82 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

83 Exercise: Create Sweeps In this exercise, you use the Sweep command to create a spring completing a coil over a shock assembly. 1. Open C_Coil-Over-Shock.dwg. The completed exercise Completing the Exercise To complete the exercise, follow the steps in this book or in the onscreen exercise. In the onscreen list of chapters and exercises, click Chapter 1: 3D Modeling. Click Exercise: Create Sweeps. 2. To display the Draw toolbar: Right-click any toolbar. Click Draw. 3. Freeze the Retainer layer. Lesson: Creating Models from 2D Profiles 83

84 4. On the Draw toolbar, click Circle. 5. To create the cross-section for the spring: When prompted to specify a center point, select the bottom of the helix path. When prompted to specify a radius, enter Thaw the Retainer layer. 6. To create the spring: On the 3D Make control panel, click Sweep. When prompted to select objects, select the circle. When prompted to select the path, select the helix path. 8. Save and close all files. 84 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

85 Exercise: Create Lofts In this exercise, you use the Loft command to create the handle section of a razor. 3. To define the cross sections for the loft: Select the four cross sections in order from right to left. The completed exercise Completing the Exercise To complete the exercise, follow the steps in this book or in the onscreen exercise. In the onscreen list of chapters and exercises, click Chapter 1: 3D Modeling. Click Exercise: Create Lofts. 1. Open C_Create-Loft.dwg. 4. To create the loft: When prompted to enter an option, enter P. When prompted to select the path curve, select the spline. NOTE: The grid is turned off for clarity. 2. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Loft. 5. To combine the two solids: On the 3D Make control panel, click Union. When prompted to select objects, select the two solids. 6. To display the Modify toolbar: Right-click any toolbar. Click Modify. 7. Zoom in on the joined area. Lesson: Creating Models from 2D Profiles 85

86 8. On the Modify toolbar, click Fillet. 9. To add a fillet to the joined area: When prompted to select the first object, select the ellipse where the two solids were combined. When prompted to enter the fillet radius, enter.5. Press ENTER again to create the fillet. 10. Save and close all files. 86 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

87 Lesson: Creating Composite Solids Overview This lesson describes how to join, subtract, and intersect solid models to create composite solid models. With the ability to create composite solids, you can create accurate, detailed, and realistic solid models from more basic solid shapes. After completing this lesson, you will be able to create a composite solid by joining, subtracting, and intersecting solid models. In the following illustration, different solid primitives were brought together and joined, subtracted, and intersected to create the initial shape of the hydraulic pump body. Objectives After completing this lesson, you will be able to: Describe the characteristics and benefits of composite solids. Union solids to create a composite solid. Subtract solids to create a composite solid. Intersect solids to create a composite solid. Check solid models for interference. Use Boolean commands to complete a hydraulic pump cover and assembly and check for interference. Use Boolean commands to complete a decorative lamp and check it for interference. Lesson: Creating Composite Solids 87

88 About Composite Solids You create composite solid models by combining multiple solid models into a new single model. With an understanding of the characteristics of composite solids and how they are created, you can create your designs more quickly using more basic building block shapes. In many cases, you will be able to create complex models from basic solid primitive shapes. In the following illustration, a composite solid was created from basic solid primitives to show detail in the base of a fluted column. Definition of Composite Solid Models To create a composite solid, you combine two or more solids into a single model using a Boolean operation. Boolean operations for creating composite solids include: Union Joins multiple solid models into a single solid model. Subtract Removes the intersecting material of one or more solid models from another solid model. Intersect Creates a new model based on the volume of intersecting material of multiple solid models. 88 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

89 In the following illustration, the same set of three solids were used with different Boolean commands to create the resulting composite solids as shown. The original set of three independent solids. The rectangle s grips are active to illustrate that the solid models are all separate. Shows the results of unioning the three separate models. The composite model s grips are active to illustrate the model volume is now defined within this single composite solid. Shows the results of subtracting the cylinder and cone from the rectangle. Shows the resulting solid when calculating the intersection between the rectangle and cylinder. Composite Solid Properties When you create a composite solid, its properties are directly impacted by the layer and color property settings of the solid models selected for its creation. When you do a Boolean operation, the resulting composite solid resides on the layer of the first selected solid and maintains any property overrides that the solid has. If the other selected solids have their color set to ByLayer, then the faces from those solids display with the same color as the layer of the first selected solid. If any of the solid models you select after the first solid model have specific colors defined, that is, something other than ByLayer, then the faces on the composite solid created from those solid models continue to display their original color. Since the solid that results from a Boolean operation resides on the layer of the first selected solid and maintains any overrides of that solid, make sure the first solid you select has the properties you want and that it resides on the appropriate layer. Then you won t have to change the properties of the composite solid model after creating it. Lesson: Creating Composite Solids 89

90 In the following illustration, three separate solids were unioned together. The first result (1) shows the composite solid when the color property for the cylinder is set to something other than ByLayer. The second result (2) shows the composite solid when all of its component solids have their color properties set to ByLayer. Example: More Detailed Designs with Composite Solids The level of detail you create in your designs is usually based on your design needs and available design time. The following illustration is an example of a floor lamp composed of composite solids. These composite solids add a slightly higher level of detail and realism to the overall design and therefore add more realism to a room design when the lamp is added. 90 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

91 Creating Solids Using Union You use the Union command to combine two or more solid models into a single composite model. During the operation of the command, you select all the solids you want to join into a single composite solid. Upon completion of the command, all of the selected solid models are consumed into that new composite solid. In the following illustration, a set of models has been joined together in the process of creating a model of a new building design. The top two illustrations are displayed in wireframe for better visualization of the changes that occurred before and after the union. Command Access Union Command Line: Union Menu: Modify > Solids Editing > Union Toolbar: Solids Editing Dashboard: 3D Make control panel Lesson: Creating Composite Solids 91

92 Procedure: Creating a Composite Solid Using Union The following steps give an overview of creating a composite solid by unioning multiple solid models together. 1. Start the Union command. 2. Select the solid models you want to union, remembering that the properties of the resultant solid are impacted by those of the first solid selected. 3. Creating Solids Using Subtract You use the Subtract command to remove material from a solid based on the volume of other intersecting solids. During the operation of the command, you define two separate selection sets of solid models. The first set of selected solid models are the ones you want to keep. The second set of solids are the ones you want to subtract from the first set. Upon completion of the command, the first set of selected solids are unioned together and then the second set of solids are subtracted from the first set. All of the selected solid models are consumed into that new composite solid. The solids that were subtracted from the first set are no longer available for future Boolean operations. In the following illustration, the concept of a new building design is further refined with the subtraction of another set of solids. Command Access Subtract Command Line: Subtract Menu: Modify > Solids Editing > Subtract Toolbar: Solids Editing Dashboard: 3D Make control panel 92 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

93 Procedure: Creating a Composite Solid Using Subtract The following steps give an overview of creating a composite solid by subtracting one set of solids from another set. 1. Start the Subtract command. 2. Select the solids you want to keep and have the volume of other solids subtracted from Select the solids to subtract from the first selected solids. 5. The second set of solids is now subtracted from the first selection set. Lesson: Creating Composite Solids 93

94 Creating Solids Using Intersect You use the Intersect command to create a single solid model from common space shared by two or more solids. When prompted to select objects, you can window select all of the solid models, or select them individually. Upon completion of the command, all of the selected solid models are consumed into that new composite solid. In the following illustration, a more complex looking model was created from the area of intersection of two basic solid primitives. Command Access Intersect Command Line: Intersect Menu: Modify > Solid Editing > Intersect Toolbar: Solid Editing Dashboard: 3D Make control panel Procedure: Creating a Composite Solid Using Intersect The following steps give an overview of creating a composite solid based on the intersection of multiple solid models. 1. Start the Intersect command. 2. Select the solid models, remembering that the properties of the resultant solid are impacted by the first solid selected Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

95 Checking Interference You use the Interfere command to determine if two or more solids occupy the same space. This is useful for locating interferences when you do not want solid models to overlap. It can also help you to ensure you have the proper amount of overlap for those conditions when you do want them to interfere, like mechanical assembly press fits. In the following illustration, the bushing appeared to be too large for the housing so they were checked for interference. During the process of checking for interference, a solid model of the interference was created and is shown on the far right. Command Access Interfere Command Line: Interfere Menu: Modify > 3D Operations > Interference Checking Dashboard: 3D Make control panel Options for Interference Checking Following the command prompts and a typical workflow, you will select the models you want to check for interference in two different selection sets. The first set of solid models you select will be checked for interference against the second set of selected solid models. When you select two sets of solids, the solid models within the same selection set are not checked against each other for interference. Checking for interference in this manner will be quicker than checking all the solid models against each other for interference. If you do need to check a set of solid models to see if they interfere with each other, you will then want to follow a slightly different workflow. Select all of the solids in the first selection set and do not select any solids in the second set. By selecting them all in only one selection set, then all of the solid models will be checked for interference against each other. Lesson: Creating Composite Solids 95

96 After selecting the solid models for the selection set or sets, the Interference Checking dialog box will display if an interference is detected. You will also see a red solid model indicating the amount and location of the detected interference. You can select to keep this separate solid model for future use like measuring it or using it in a Boolean operation. If no interference is detected, you will be informed as such on the command line. The Interfere command has two suboptions to help you select solid models within a block and to view interference results in the manner you prefer. Option Nested Selection Settings Description Interference Settings Dialog Box Use when you need to select a solid model that is within a block definition. Use to display the Interference Settings dialog box so you can change the reporting visual styles and model color when an interference is detected. In the Interference Objects area, set the visual style, the color of the interference solid, and whether or not to highlight the interfering pair or the interference. In the Viewport area, set the visual style for all other solids in the drawing. Interference Checking Dialog Box Within the Interference Checking dialog box, you can view how many solids were in the first and second selection sets and how many pairs of solids interfered. You can also view the interference by manually zooming, panning, and rotating the display, or click Previous or Next to have the display 96 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

97 automatically zoom to the pairs of model interference. Deselecting the Delete Interference Objects Created On Close option keeps the interference solid model in the drawing after closing the dialog box. Use Interference Checking to create a new solid model from overlapping solid models when you want to keep the selected solid models as individual models (unlike using the Intersect command where the selected solid models would be consumed into the new composite solid). Procedure: Checking for Interference The following steps give an overview of checking for interference between multiple solid models. 1. Start Interference Checking. 2. Select the first set of solid models Select the second set of solid models If interference is detected, view and interpret the displayed results. 7. If you want the solid models of the intersecting area to remain after you close the dialog box, clear the option to delete the interference objects prior to closing the Interference Checking dialog box. Lesson: Creating Composite Solids 97

98 Exercise: Create Composite Solids Mechanical In this exercise, you use Boolean commands to complete a hydraulic pump cover and assembly. You also inspect the assembly by checking for interference. 1. Open C_MECH-Composite-Solids.dwg. The drawing displays the solid models similar to the following illustration. This illustration also identifies and names the parts for clearer reference in subsequent exercise steps. The completed exercise Completing the Exercise To complete the exercise, follow the steps in this book or in the onscreen exercise. In the onscreen list of chapters and exercises, click Chapter 1: 3D Modeling. Click Exercise: Create Composite Solids - Mechanical. Hose Bushing Clearance Socket Head Cap Screw Emboss Cap Housing 2. To activate the 2D Draw control panel on the dashboard: Right-click the two horizontal bars at the top of the dashboard. Click Control Panels > 2D Draw Control Panel. 98 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

99 3. On the 2D Draw control panel dashboard, click Move. 4. To move the emboss object to the cap: Select the emboss. Use the Center object snap and select the bottom-center of the large arc on the right of the emboss. Use the Center object snap select the top-center of the large arc on the right of the cap. Use 3D Orbit to verify the emboss is centered on the cap. 5. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Union. 6. To union the cap and the emboss: When prompted to select objects, select the cap, then the emboss. Take note of the color property of the resulting solid compared to the original colors of the selected solids. Resulting properties are determined by the order in which the solids are selected. 7. On the 2D Draw control panel of the dashboard, click Copy. 8. To copy the clearance object: Select the Clearance object. Use the Center object snap to copy the clearance object to the center of the four small radii of the cap. Use the far side of the cap so that the clearance objects interfere with the cap. Use Constrained Orbit to verify the location. 9. On the 3D Make panel of the dashboard, click Subtract. Lesson: Creating Composite Solids 99

100 10. To subtract the clearance objects from the cap: When prompted to select objects, select the cap. When prompted to select objects, select the four clearance objects. 13. To install the socket head cap screws: Make three additional copies of the socket head cap screw. Use the Move command to position the screws into each of the holes on the cap. NOTE: Copies of the clearance objects were made because objects are consumed when the subtraction is complete. The original solid is available for use elsewhere, or could be stored in a library for use in other projects. 11. Use the Move command to position the cap on the housing. 14. On the Visual Style control panel of the dashboard, click 3D Wireframe. 15. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click the two down arrows to access additional commands. 12. On the 2D Draw control panel of the dashboard, click Copy. 16. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Interference Checking. 100 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

101 17. To check for interference: When prompted to select the first set of objects, select the housing and cap. When prompted to select the second set of objects, select the four screws. Because an interference was detected, the Interference Checking dialog box displays with information on the interference and display options. 18. To add a solid object from the interference: A solid model also appears to visually represent the interference (1) as identified in the following illustration. Uncheck Delete Interference Objects Created on Close. Click Close in the Interference Checking dialog box. The preview of the interference is created as a solid object in the model. 20. To subtract the interference object: Select the Housing and press ENTER. Select the created interference object and press ENTER. 21. Use the Interference Checking command to validate that there is no longer an interference between the housing, cap, and screws. 22. On the Visual Style control panel of the dashboard, click Realistic. A new bushing is required to complete the assembly. 23. Use the Move command to position the hose and the bushing using the Center object snap. 24. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Intersect. 25. To intersect the bushing with the hose: When prompted to select objects, select the bushing and hose. 19. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Subtract. Lesson: Creating Composite Solids 101

102 26. Move the bushing to the housing. 27. Save and close all files. 102 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

103 Exercise: Create Composite Solids Architectural In this exercise, you use Boolean commands to complete a decorative lamp. You also inspect the assembly by checking for interference. 1. Open C_ARCH-Composite-Solids.dwg. The drawing displays the solid models similar to the following illustration. This illustration also identifies and names the parts for clearer reference in subsequent exercise steps. The completed exercise Completing the Exercise To complete the exercise, follow the steps in this book or in the onscreen exercise. In the onscreen list of chapters and exercises, click Chapter 1: 3D Modeling. Click Exercise: Create Composite Solids - Architectural. Core Pole Base Shade Ornament Lesson: Creating Composite Solids 103

104 2. Zoom in to the base of the pole. 4. Use the Center object snap and the move command to position the core to the center of the pole. 3. On the Visual Style control panel of the dashboard: Click the down arrow to the right of the text Realistic. Click 3D Wireframe as shown in the following illustration. 5. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Subtract. 6. To subtract the core from the pole: When prompted to select objects, select the pole. When prompted to select objects, select the core. 104 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

105 7. On the Visual Style control panel of the Dashboard: Click the down arrow to the right of the text 3D Wireframe. Click Realistic as shown in the following illustration. 10. To union the base and pole: When prompted to select objects, select the base and the pole. Take note of the color property of the resulting solid compared to the original colors of the selected solids. Resulting properties are determined by the order in which the solids are selected. 8. Use the Center object snap and the move command to position the pole to the center of the base. 9. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Union. 11. On the 2D Draw control panel, click the Move command. Lesson: Creating Composite Solids 105

106 12. To position the lamp shade to the top of the pole: Use the Center object snap, select the bottom of the hole in the shade (1). Use the Center object snap, select the small step near the top of the pole (2). 15. To check for interference: Select the lamp shade for the first set of objects. Select the pole for the second set of objects. Use the Pan and Zoom buttons on the Interference Checking dialog box to view the interference. Because an interference was detected, the Interference Checking dialog box displays with information on the interference and display options. 13. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click 3D Make to access additional commands. 14. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Interference Checking. 16. To add a solid object from the interference: A solid model appears to visually represent the interference (1) as identified in the following illustration. Clear Delete Interference Objects on Close. Click Close in the Interference Checking dialog box. The preview of the interference is created as a solid object in the model. 17. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Subtract. 106 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

107 18. To subtract the interference object: Select the lamp shade and press ENTER. Select the created interference object and press ENTER. 19. Use the Interference Checking command to validate that there is no longer an interference between the lamp shade and pole. 20. To position the ornament box: Use the Endpoint object snap and move command to position the top and bottom halves of the box and enclose the ornament. 21. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Intersect. 22. To intersect the ornaments boxes: Select both ornaments boxes. 23. Move the ornament to the top of the base. 24. On the 2D Draw control panel of the dashboard, click Array. 25. To array the ornament: Use Polar array. Use the center of the base as the center point of the array. For the total number of items, enter On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Union. 27. To union the lamp and the ornaments: When prompted to select objects, select the lamp and the six ornament objects. Lesson: Creating Composite Solids 107

108 28. Click View menu > Zoom > Extents. 29. Save and close all files. 108 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

109 Lesson: Working in 3D Overview This lesson describes the 3D coordinate system and how to define a custom coordinate system, control the display of the coordinate system icon, and acquire points in 3D space. Being able to adjust the current coordinate system for geometry creation and to acquire the proper point in 3D space is an important part of being able to create your design as quickly and as efficiently as possible. In the following illustration, the same model is shown with different active coordinate systems and tracking a point in 3D space. Objectives After completing this lesson, you will be able to: Describe the relationship of the Cartesian coordinate system and 3D design. Change the orientation and location of the coordinate system. Change the display of the UCS icon. Describe how to change the coordinate systems dynamically while in a geometry creation or modification command. Acquire a point in 3D space by tracking or filtering from other points. Lesson: Working in 3D 109

110 About the Cartesian Coordinate System When you create 2D drawings, you create geometry on the XY plane. In many cases, the only time you give the coordinate system any thought is when you are entering an absolute or relative point. As you create geometry in 3D, you will need to reorient the coordinate system to create and modify the geometry. In this section of the lesson, you learn about the Cartesian coordinate system and how it can help you create 3D designs. In the following illustration, the icons show the direction of the X, Y, and Z axes of the Cartesian coordinate system based on the current viewing direction. The left icon is shown in its shaded mode and the right one in its wireframe form. Definition of the Cartesian Coordinate System Computer-aided drafting and design (CADD) systems base their positioning of points in 3D space on the Cartesian coordinate system. The Cartesian coordinate system is composed of three axes (X, Y, and Z) at 90 degrees to each other. These intersecting axes define the origin point for the coordinate system and three flat planes. The origin point is the location where each axis value is 0 (zero). The three planes are defined by pairs of axes which create the XY, XZ, and YZ planes. There is one preset coordinate system and you cannot change it. This coordinate system is referred to as the world coordinate system (WCS). When you begin to create 3D models, you will find working only from the WCS to be challenging at times. To make it easier to create and modify geometry, you can define a user coordinate system (UCS). You can define a UCS at any place or orientation in space and you can define as many as you need. When you define a new UCS, you define a new origin location and direction for the X, Y, and Z axes. The way you define a new coordinate system depends on the geometry you have created and the geometry you are trying to create or modify. In some cases, you will have the coordinate system automatically change based on a flat face you hover your cursor over. In other cases, you will manually reorient and reposition the coordinate system. This manual adjustment can be as simple as moving the origin to a new location, reorienting it by picking three points in space, or rotating its alignment around one axis. By default, the drawing displays an icon to help you visualize the orientation of the current coordinate system and its origin location. This default icon labels the X, Y, and Z axes and also color codes them: Red for the X axis, green for the Y axis, and blue for the Z axis. 110 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

111 The following illustration illustrates the planes defined by the different axes of the Cartesian coordinate system. Plane 1 is the XY plane defined by the X and Y axes. Plane 2 is the YZ plane defined by the Y and Z axes. Plane 3 is XZ plane defined by the X and Z axes. Example of the Need to Change the Coordinate System When creating a 3D design, you sometimes need to create solid or 2D geometry starting on a face that is not in line with the world coordinate system (WCS). In those cases, you need to define your own coordinate system to achieve the needed results. In the following illustration, the icon shows the axis orientation for the WCS. The different geometry was drawn on the different faces of the models by changing to a user coordinate system. For example, the circle was drawn on the angled face using standard 2D drawing procedures after the coordinate system s X and Y axes were set in alignment with the edges of the face. Lesson: Working in 3D 111

112 Changing the Coordinate System In this section of the lesson, you learn about the UCS command. This includes learning how to access the command, the procedure and workflow for using the command, and the most often used command options. Since the process of creating a 3D model can be made a lot simpler when you generate or define different aspects of your design in a flat plane, and the plane you need to draw in is usually not in the same location or orientation as the WCS, you need to be able to define your own coordinate system. The UCS you define then allows you to create the geometry you need in the appropriate location and orientation. In the following illustration, different coordinate system orientations and alignments are shown simultaneously on the same model. Though only one coordinate system can be active at any one time, this illustration illustrates how different the orientation and origins of user coordinate systems can be from the WCS. Command Access UCS Command Line: UCS Menu: Tools > New UCS Toolbar: UCS Toolbar: UCS II Options for Defining a UCS Following the typical workflow and command options, you either reposition the origin of the coordinate system while keeping its current X, Y, Z axis alignment, or you completely reorient and reposition the coordinate system based on three points in space. To reposition the origin, you start the UCS command, click the new origin point, and then press ENTER. To reorient and reposition, click a point on the X axis after clicking the new origin point, and then click a third point to define the XY plane. 112 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

113 Instead of defining a new UCS based on the default prompts and options, you can define the UCS based on other criteria. The following options are some of the most frequently used for defining a new UCS. Icon Option Description World Named UCS Use to set the coordinate system back to the world coordinate system. Use to display the UCS dialog box, save a UCS, and activate a saved UCS. Previous Face Object View Origin Z Axis Use to step the coordinate system back to the alignment and position it was previously. Use to align the coordinate system to a selected flat surface or solid face. Use to align the coordinate system to a selected object. Use to align the coordinate system to the XY plane perpendicular to your viewing direction. Use to move the coordinate system origin to a selected point. Use to align the coordinate system to a point and specified Z axis. 3 Point Use to align the coordinate system to point and specified X and Y axes. X Use to rotate the coordinate system around the X axis. Y Use to rotate the coordinate system around the Y axis. Z Use to rotate the coordinate system around the Z axis. Apply Use to apply the current UCS setting to all Viewports or a specified viewport. Lesson: Working in 3D 113

114 Procedure: Creating a User Coordinate System The following steps give an overview of creating a user coordinate system. 1. Determine the orientation needed for the UCS. 2. Start the UCS command. 3. Select the option needed to properly orient the UCS. 4. Create the needed geometry. Changing the UCS Icon Display While creating a 3D model, you may encounter times when you want the coordinate system icon to display a certain way, in a specific location, or not at all. To change the display of the coordinate system icon, you need to access the Ucsicon command and apply the options available for changing its display. This section of the lesson covers how to access the command, its options, and the standard procedure for its use. In the following illustration, the UCS icon is shown in two different locations. Where it is set to display at the 0,0,0 point for the three axes, the display of the icon is visually disruptive to the model view. In the illustration on the right, it is forced to display in the lower-left corner of the viewport where it does not disrupt the model view. 114 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

115 Command Access UCSICON Command Line: Ucsicon Menu: View > Display > UCS Icon Options for Changing the UCS Icon Display Use the following options with the command. Option On Off All Noorigin Origin Properties Description Use to turn on the display of the UCS icon. Use to turn off the display of the UCS icon. Use when you have your drawing window split into multiple viewports. Select this option before one of the other options to have that option apply to all viewports. Use to have the UCS icon always display in the lower-left corner of the viewport. Use to have the UCS icon display at the origin location of the current coordinate system. If the origin is too close to the edge of the viewport or outside of the area being displayed, the UCS icon then displays in the lower-left corner. Use to display the UCS Icon dialog box and set the style, size, and color of the UCS icon. Procedure: Setting the UCS Icon Display The following steps give an overview of setting the display of the UCS icon. 1. Start the Ucsicon command. 2. Select properties to change the style, size, or color of the UCS icon. 3. Specify display of the UCS icon at the origin or no origin. 4. Toggle the display of the UCS icon on or off. Lesson: Working in 3D 115

116 Changing the Coordinate System Dynamically Whether you are initially creating 3D models or 2D geometry in 3D space, the alignment of the coordinate system plays a crucial role in achieving the required results. While in a command to create new geometry, you have the option to dynamically change the coordinate system. For this option to be available, you need to have Dynamic UCS turned on. You can view and change the Dynamic UCS setting through the status bar s DUCS button. With Dynamic UCS turned on, hovering your cursor over an existing flat face of a solid model while in a command that creates new geometry causes that face to highlight and the crosshairs to orient on that face. If you click to define the starting point for that command while the face is highlighted, then a new UCS is temporarily defined for the duration of creating that new geometry. When you complete the command, the coordinate system that was active prior to creating that new geometry is activated again. This temporary dynamic coordinate system defines its XY plane to be coplanar to the highlighted face. In the following illustration, a circle is shown being created on a face that was not in alignment with the coordinate system when the command was initially executed. The UCS was dynamically defined based on the highlighted face. Procedure: Dynamically Changing the UCS The following steps give an overview for dynamically changing the UCS. 1. Execute a command that will create new 2D or 3D geometry. 2. Ensure Dynamic UCS is on by viewing the DUCS button on the status bar. Turn it on if it is currently off. 3. Hover your cursor over the flat face that you want to begin drawing on. An acquired face will have its edges display as dashed lines. 116 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

117 4. Click to specify the starting point of the new geometry. While the face is highlighted, you can object snap to or track from points and still have the UCS align to that face. 5. Supply the remaining values and input required to create the new geometry and then finish the command. Acquiring Points in 3D Space You specify points in 3D space in much the same manner as in 2D space, except you supply a third value for the Z axis. If you want to type in an absolute or relative coordinate value, you include a Z value by entering the coordinate as X,Y,Z. You can also track in 3D space by combining the settings for running object snap, object snap tracking, and polar tracking or ortho. When tracking through a point not on the current coordinate system s XY plane, you track parallel to one of the current coordinate system axes. Another useful method of acquiring an exact location in 3D space is to use coordinate filters. Through the use of filters, you specify a point by combining the X, Y, and Z values from other specified point locations. You will find the process of creating your design in 3D easier and quicker if you can quickly establish the correct location in 3D space for your design geometry. In the following illustration, the start point for a new line is being tracked in the positive Z direction. Lesson: Working in 3D 117

118 About Coordinate Filters You use coordinate filters to specify a point relative to a collection of other points or a set distance from a specific point. Coordinate filters are also referred to as point filters. You access point filters from the Object Snap shortcut menu (SHIFT+right-click) or by entering one of the options when the active command prompts you to specify a point. When you activate a filter and snap to a point or enter a value, you are specifying what the value should be for that filter coordinate. For example, if you use the.z (the. denotes a filter) filter and snap to the corner of a 3D model, you return the Z value from that corner. You would then need to specify the X and Y values. You could specify those values by snapping to another location, entering their values, or using their respective filters and snapping to two other locations. The combination of the filtered Z value and the X and Y values would constitute the location of the new point. In the following illustration, a set of solid models is displayed in four viewports showing the top, front, right side, and isometric directional views. The center of the sphere was based on the point filters and object snaps as identified in the isometric view. The top view also shows the X and Y filter locations and the right side view also shows the Z filter location. Coordinate Filter Options Use the following options to filter coordinate values. Option Description.X Use to snap to a point and only return its X value and then specify or filter for the Y and Z values..y Use to snap to a point and only return its Y value and then specify or filter for the X and Z values..z Use to snap to a point and only return its Z value and then specify or filter for the X and Y values. 118 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

119 Option.XY.XZ.YZ Description Use to return the X and Y values of an existing point. You then specify or filter for the Z value. Use to return the X and Z values of an existing point. You then specify or filter for the Y value. Use to return the Y and Z values of an existing point. You then specify or filter for the X value. If you are using point filters for the X or Y value but specifying the remaining coordinate values, you need to enter a value as a placeholder for the X or Y. So if you are using the.x filter and you want to enter an absolute Y and Z value, you need to enter a value for X. For example, the Y and Z values both need to be 5 and the X filter for the required corner returns When prompted for the YZ, you enter 1,5,5. The 1 in this case acts as a placeholder and is automatically substituted with In this case, 1 was used as the placeholder but any number could be used. Procedure: Tracking in 3D Space The following steps give an overview for using 3D Tracking to acquire points. 1. To track from an existing point, you must first be prompted by a command to specify a point. 2. Have running object snaps, object snap tracking, and polar tracking or ortho turned on and set with your required values and options. 3. Acquire the tracking point by passing your cursor over an object snap location on the geometry you want to track from. 4. Track in any 3D direction from the acquired point and either click to specify the location or enter a distance value. Lesson: Working in 3D 119

120 Procedure: Filtering Coordinate Points 1. To use point filters, you must first be prompted by a command to specify a point. 2. Decide what you already know or have available to you in geometry of the drawing and what you are trying to find regarding the new point being specified. 3. Execute the proper point filter based on what you decided in the previous step. 4. Specify an absolute value or snap to another point to return its corresponding coordinate value. 120 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

121 Exercise: Work with the UCS In this exercise, you use the options of the UCS command to create 2D and 3D geometry on different planes of a solid model. The planes created provide the base for adding additional features or solids in different orientations. The completed exercise Completing the Exercise To complete the exercise, follow the steps in this book or in the onscreen exercise. In the onscreen list of chapters and exercises, click Chapter 1: 3D Modeling. Click Exercise: Work with the UCS. 1. Open M_Working-with-the-UCS.dwg. 3. To turn off the Dynamic UCS: On the status bar, if the DUCS button is selected, click to turn off Dynamic UCS. If the button is not selected, Dynamic UCS is already turned off. 4. On the Draw toolbar, click Circle. 5. To create a circle: Draw a circle near the UCS icon as shown. Note the orientation of the circle relative to the solid model. 6. To create a new UCS: Click Tools menu > New UCS > 3 Point. Using the endpoint or intersection object snap, select the points indicated in the order shown. 2. To display the 2D Draw dashboard control panel: Right-click any control panel on the dashboard. Click Control Panels > 2D Draw. 7. On the 2D Draw control panel, click Circle. Lesson: Working in 3D 121

122 8. To create a profile on the angled face: When prompted for a center point, select the approximate center of the angled face. When prompted for the radius, click the face to create the circle. 11. To align the UCS to a face: Click Tools menu > New UCS > Face. Select a point on the face of the part as shown. Press ENTER to accept the orientation. 9. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Presspull. 10. To presspull the circle: Select a point inside the circle and enter Draw and presspull the rectangular slot as shown. 13. If necessary, adjust your isometric view to see the three cylindrical features on the right side. 122 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

123 14. To orient the UCS: Click Tools menu > New UCS > 3 Point. When prompted for a new origin point, using the Center object snap, select the base of the left cylinder. When prompted for a positive location on the X axis, using the Center object snap, select the base of the right cylinder. When prompted for a positive location on the Y axis, using the Center object snap, select the top of the left cylinder. 16. On the 2D Draw control panel, click Rectangle. 17. To create 2D profile geometry for the rib: When prompted for the first corner, enter 0,0. When prompted for the other corner, 15. To save the UCS for future use: Click Tools menu > Named UCS to display the UCS dialog box. Slowly double-click Unnamed to assign a new name. 18. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Extrude. 19. To extrude the profile: Select the profile. Enter Save and close all files. Enter Ribs for the new name. Click OK. Lesson: Working in 3D 123

124 Exercise: Use a Dynamic UCS In this exercise, you use a Dynamic UCS to draw 3D primitives and 2D geometry. You subtract the resulting geometry from the original model. The completed exercise Completing the Exercise To complete the exercise, follow the steps in this book or in the onscreen exercise. In the onscreen list of chapters and exercises, click Chapter 1: 3D Modeling. Click Exercise: Use a Dynamic UCS. 1. Open C_Use-Dynamic-UCS.dwg. 3. On the 3D Make control panel, click Box. 4. To draw a box on the angled face: When you position your cursor over the angled face, the UCS icon reorients to the new face. Click two points as indicated to create the rectangle. Enter -20 in the dynamic input field for the height. 5. On the 3D Make control panel, click Subtract. 6. To subtract the box from the main solid: Select the main solid shape. Select the new solid primitive. 2. To turn on Dynamic UCS: On the status bar, if DUCS is selected, click to turn Dynamic UCS on. If DUCS is selected, Dynamic UCS is on. 124 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

125 7. On the 2D Draw control panel, click Circle. 8. To draw a circle on the main solid: As you position the cursor for the center point as shown, the cursor flips to indicate the new UCS. Select a point near the point indicated. Enter To subtract the extruded circle from the main solid: Select the main solid object. Select the new extruded circle. 9. On the Visual Styles control panel, click X-ray mode. 10. On the 3D Make control panel, click Extrude. 11. To extrude the circle: Select the circle. Select the corner endpoint as shown. 14. Save and close all files. 12. On the 3D Make control panel, click Subtract. Lesson: Working in 3D 125

126 Exercise: Use Dynamic Feedback In this exercise, you use Dynamic Feedback to quickly lay out a concept for a proposed building site. 3. To create the lot: On the status bar, make sure DYN is selected. Select one corner of the large rectangle. When prompted for the other corner, select the diagonally opposite corner. When prompted for the height, move the cursor in the negative Z direction and enter 12. The completed exercise Completing the Exercise To complete the exercise, follow the steps in this book or in the onscreen exercise. In the onscreen list of chapters and exercises, click Chapter 1: 3D Modeling. Click Exercise: Use Dynamic Feedback. 1. Open C_Dynamic-Feedback.dwg. 4. Make the Building layer current. 5. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Box. 6. To create the building: Select one corner of the cyan rectangle. When prompted for the other corner, select the diagonally opposite corner. When prompted for the height, move the cursor in the positive Z direction and click. NOTE: The grid is turned off in this illustration for clarity. 2. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Box. 7. Make the Landscape layer current. 126 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

127 8. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Cone. 9. To create three trees: When prompted for the center point of the base, select the center of a circle. When prompted for the base radius or diameter, select a point on the diameter of the circle. When prompted for the height, move the cursor in the positive Z direction and click. Repeat for the other two circles. 10. Make the Walk layer current. 11. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Box. 12. To create the walkway: Select one corner of the small rectangle. When prompted for the other corner, select the diagonally opposite corner. When prompted for the height, move the cursor in the positive Z direction and enter Make the Drive layer current. 14. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Box. 15. To create the driveway: Select one corner of the rectangle. When prompted for the other corner, select the diagonally opposite corner. When prompted for the height, move the cursor in the positive Z direction and enter Save and close all files. Lesson: Working in 3D 127

128 Exercise: Track with Object Snaps in 3D In this exercise, you use Object Snaps and Tracking to create an overhanging roof. 2. Adjust the status bar, apply the following settings: Turn on OSNAP, Endpoint object snap, Extension object snap, POLAR, and OTRACK. Turn off DUCS, DYN. The completed exercise Completing the Exercise To complete the exercise, follow the steps in this book or in the onscreen exercise. In the onscreen list of chapters and exercises, click Chapter 1: 3D Modeling. Click Exercise: Track with Object Snaps in 3D. 3. On the 3D Make control panel of the dashboard, click Box. 4. To create and position the first corner of a flat roof: Hover the cursor over the back post to acquire the top corner endpoint (1). Move the cursor in the negative Y direction (2) and, with the tracking vector displayed, enter 19'-0" [6000]. 1. Open I_Tracking-with-Object-Snaps-in-3D.dwg or M_Tracking-with-Object-Snaps-in-3D.dwg. 128 Chapter 1: 3D Modeling

129 5. To create and position the flat roof: Hover the cursor over the far right corner of the right-hand post to acquire the endpoint. Move the cursor in the positive Y direction and, with the tracking vector displayed, enter 4" [100]. Move the cursor in the positive Z direction and enter 0'-3" [75]. 8. To define the basepoint for the maximum height bar: Select the cylinder at the base of the pole. Select any point in the drawing area near the cylinder as the base point and move the cursor in the positive Z direction. Note the orientation of the UCS icon. The UCS is active on the XY plane, but you are tracking in Z. 6. Display the 2D Draw control panel: Right-click dashboard panel. Click Control panels > 2D Draw. 7. On the 2D Draw control panel, click Move. 9. To move the maximum height bar into position: Enter 11'-6" [3500] for the second point. 10. Save and close all files. Lesson: Working in 3D 129

LESSON 14 LEARNING OBJECTIVES. After completing this lesson, you will be able to:

LESSON 14 LEARNING OBJECTIVES. After completing this lesson, you will be able to: LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you will be able to: 1. Construct 6 Solid model Primitives: Box, Sphere, Cylinder, Cone, Wedge and Torus LESSON 14 CONSTRUCTING SOLID PRIMITIVES AutoCAD

More information

COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL GRAPHICS FFD 201/Fall 2013 HAND OUT 1 : INTRODUCTION TO 3D

COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL GRAPHICS FFD 201/Fall 2013 HAND OUT 1 : INTRODUCTION TO 3D COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL GRAPHICS FFD 201/Fall 2013 INSTRUCTORS E-MAIL ADDRESS OFFICE HOURS Özgür Genca ozgurgenca@gmail.com part time Tuba Doğu tubadogu@gmail.com part time Şebnem Yanç Demirkan sebnem.demirkan@gmail.com

More information

3D Design with 123D Design

3D Design with 123D Design 3D Design with 123D Design Introduction: 3D Design involves thinking and creating in 3 dimensions. x, y and z axis Working with 123D Design 123D Design is a 3D design software package from Autodesk. A

More information

3D Visualization and Solid Primitive Conceptual Design in AutoCAD

3D Visualization and Solid Primitive Conceptual Design in AutoCAD 3D Visualization and Solid Primitive Conceptual Design in AutoCAD Craig P. Black - Fox Valley Technical College GD111-3P This class will help you understand the viewing techniques in 3D AutoCAD and how

More information

Solid surface modeling in AutoCAD

Solid surface modeling in AutoCAD Solid surface modeling in AutoCAD Introduction into 3D modeling Managing views of 3D model Coordinate Systems 1 3D model advantages ability to view the whole model looking inside the model collision checking

More information

Solid Modeling: Part 1

Solid Modeling: Part 1 Solid Modeling: Part 1 Basics of Revolving, Extruding, and Boolean Operations Revolving Exercise: Stepped Shaft Start AutoCAD and use the solid.dwt template file to create a new drawing. Create the top

More information

AutoCAD 2009 Tutorial

AutoCAD 2009 Tutorial AutoCAD 2009 Tutorial Second Level: 3D Modeling Randy H. Shih Oregon Institute of Technology SDC PUBLICATIONS Schroff Development Corporation www.schroff.com Better Textbooks. Lower Prices. AutoCAD 2009

More information

QUICK-START TUTORIALS

QUICK-START TUTORIALS PUERMC02_0132276593.QXD 08/09/2006 06:05 PM Page 83 QUICK-START TUTORIALS Chapter Objectives Create two real 3D modeling projects, starting them from scratch. Know the difference between representing 3D

More information

Acknowledgement INTRODUCTION

Acknowledgement INTRODUCTION Submitted by: 1 Acknowledgement INTRODUCTION Computers are increasingly being used for doing engineering drawings and graphics work because computers allow the graphics designer or the draughtsman to change

More information

Lesson 5 Solid Modeling - Constructive Solid Geometry

Lesson 5 Solid Modeling - Constructive Solid Geometry AutoCAD 2000i Tutorial 5-1 Lesson 5 Solid Modeling - Constructive Solid Geometry Understand the Constructive Solid Geometry Concept. Create a Binary Tree. Understand the basic Boolean Operations. Create

More information

Lesson 1: Creating T- Spline Forms. In Samples section of your Data Panel, browse to: Fusion 101 Training > 03 Sculpt > 03_Sculpting_Introduction.

Lesson 1: Creating T- Spline Forms. In Samples section of your Data Panel, browse to: Fusion 101 Training > 03 Sculpt > 03_Sculpting_Introduction. 3.1: Sculpting Sculpting in Fusion 360 allows for the intuitive freeform creation of organic solid bodies and surfaces by leveraging the T- Splines technology. In the Sculpt Workspace, you can rapidly

More information

Chapter 12: Pull Toy - Solids and Transforms

Chapter 12: Pull Toy - Solids and Transforms This tutorial demonstrates using solid primitives and simple transforms. You will learn how to: Enter coordinates to place points exactly. Draw a free-form curve and polygon. Create a pipe along a curve.

More information

SOLIDWORKS 2016 and Engineering Graphics

SOLIDWORKS 2016 and Engineering Graphics SOLIDWORKS 2016 and Engineering Graphics An Integrated Approach Randy H. Shih SDC PUBLICATIONS Better Textbooks. Lower Prices. www.sdcpublications.com Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Visit the following

More information

Solid Problem Ten. In this chapter, you will learn the following to World Class standards:

Solid Problem Ten. In this chapter, you will learn the following to World Class standards: C h a p t e r 11 Solid Problem Ten In this chapter, you will learn the following to World Class standards: 1. Sketch of Solid Problem Ten 2. Starting a 3D Part Drawing 3. Modifying How the UCS Icon is

More information

SolidWorks 2013 and Engineering Graphics

SolidWorks 2013 and Engineering Graphics SolidWorks 2013 and Engineering Graphics An Integrated Approach Randy H. Shih SDC PUBLICATIONS Schroff Development Corporation Better Textbooks. Lower Prices. www.sdcpublications.com Visit the following

More information

CADian Training Manual Step III. 3D Modeling

CADian Training Manual Step III. 3D Modeling CADian Training Manual Step III 3D Modeling Index Page No. Introduction 3 Viewing 3D objects 4 Vpoint 4 DDvpoint 5 Surface Modeling 7 3Dface 7 Pface 8 Mesh 9 Pedit 11 Rule Surf 13 Tab Surf 14 Revsurf 15

More information

CATIA V5 Parametric Surface Modeling

CATIA V5 Parametric Surface Modeling CATIA V5 Parametric Surface Modeling Version 5 Release 16 A- 1 Toolbars in A B A. Wireframe: Create 3D curves / lines/ points/ plane B. Surfaces: Create surfaces C. Operations: Join surfaces, Split & Trim

More information

AutoCAD for Engineers and Designers, 21st Edition. (3D and Advanced)

AutoCAD for Engineers and Designers, 21st Edition. (3D and Advanced) AutoCAD 2015 for Engineers and Designers, 21st Edition (3D and Advanced) CADCIM Technologies 525 St. Andrews Drive Schererville, IN 46375, USA (www.cadcim.com) Contributing Author Sham Tickoo Professor

More information

GDL Toolbox 2 Reference Manual

GDL Toolbox 2 Reference Manual Reference Manual Archi-data Ltd. Copyright 2002. New Features Reference Manual New Save GDL command Selected GDL Toolbox elements can be exported into simple GDL scripts. During the export process, the

More information

Parametric Modeling with. Autodesk Fusion 360. First Edition. Randy H. Shih SDC. Better Textbooks. Lower Prices.

Parametric Modeling with. Autodesk Fusion 360. First Edition. Randy H. Shih SDC. Better Textbooks. Lower Prices. Parametric Modeling with Autodesk Fusion 360 First Edition Randy H. Shih SDC PUBLICATIONS Better Textbooks. Lower Prices. www.sdcpublications.com Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Visit the following websites

More information

Revit Architecture 2015 Basics

Revit Architecture 2015 Basics Revit Architecture 2015 Basics From the Ground Up Elise Moss Authorized Author SDC P U B L I C AT I O N S Better Textbooks. Lower Prices. www.sdcpublications.com Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Visit

More information

3 AXIS STANDARD CAD. BobCAD-CAM Version 28 Training Workbook 3 Axis Standard CAD

3 AXIS STANDARD CAD. BobCAD-CAM Version 28 Training Workbook 3 Axis Standard CAD 3 AXIS STANDARD CAD This tutorial explains how to create the CAD model for the Mill 3 Axis Standard demonstration file. The design process includes using the Shape Library and other wireframe functions

More information

Exercise Guide. Published: August MecSoft Corpotation

Exercise Guide. Published: August MecSoft Corpotation VisualCAD Exercise Guide Published: August 2018 MecSoft Corpotation Copyright 1998-2018 VisualCAD 2018 Exercise Guide by Mecsoft Corporation User Notes: Contents 2 Table of Contents About this Guide 4

More information

Parametric Modeling. with. Autodesk Inventor Randy H. Shih. Oregon Institute of Technology SDC

Parametric Modeling. with. Autodesk Inventor Randy H. Shih. Oregon Institute of Technology SDC Parametric Modeling with Autodesk Inventor 2009 Randy H. Shih Oregon Institute of Technology SDC PUBLICATIONS Schroff Development Corporation www.schroff.com Better Textbooks. Lower Prices. 2-1 Chapter

More information

Parametric Modeling. With. Autodesk Inventor. Randy H. Shih. Oregon Institute of Technology SDC PUBLICATIONS

Parametric Modeling. With. Autodesk Inventor. Randy H. Shih. Oregon Institute of Technology SDC PUBLICATIONS Parametric Modeling With Autodesk Inventor R10 Randy H. Shih Oregon Institute of Technology SDC PUBLICATIONS Schroff Development Corporation www.schroff.com www.schroff-europe.com 2-1 Chapter 2 Parametric

More information

Tutorial Second Level

Tutorial Second Level AutoCAD 2018 Tutorial Second Level 3D Modeling Randy H. Shih SDC PUBLICATIONS Better Textbooks. Lower Prices. www.sdcpublications.com Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Visit the following websites to learn

More information

Module 4A: Creating the 3D Model of Right and Oblique Pyramids

Module 4A: Creating the 3D Model of Right and Oblique Pyramids Inventor (5) Module 4A: 4A- 1 Module 4A: Creating the 3D Model of Right and Oblique Pyramids In Module 4A, we will learn how to create 3D solid models of right-axis and oblique-axis pyramid (regular or

More information

Rhinoceros NURBS modeling for Windows. Version 1.0 Training Manual Level 1

Rhinoceros NURBS modeling for Windows. Version 1.0 Training Manual Level 1 Rhinoceros NURBS modeling for Windows Version 1.0 Training Manual Level 1 rhinolevel 1.doc Robert McNeel & Associates 1997. All Rights Reserved. Printed in U.S.A. Copyright by Robert McNeel & Associates.

More information

SOLIDWORKS 2016: A Power Guide for Beginners and Intermediate Users

SOLIDWORKS 2016: A Power Guide for Beginners and Intermediate Users SOLIDWORKS 2016: A Power Guide for Beginners and Intermediate Users The premium provider of learning products and solutions www.cadartifex.com Table of Contents Dedication... 3 Preface... 15 Part 1. Introducing

More information

Google SketchUp. and SketchUp Pro 7. The book you need to succeed! CD-ROM Included! Kelly L. Murdock. Master SketchUp Pro 7 s tools and features

Google SketchUp. and SketchUp Pro 7. The book you need to succeed! CD-ROM Included! Kelly L. Murdock. Master SketchUp Pro 7 s tools and features CD-ROM Included! Free version of Google SketchUp 7 Trial version of Google SketchUp Pro 7 Chapter example files from the book Kelly L. Murdock Google SketchUp and SketchUp Pro 7 Master SketchUp Pro 7 s

More information

NURBS modeling for Windows. Training Manual Level 1

NURBS modeling for Windows. Training Manual Level 1 NURBS modeling for Windows Training Manual Level 1 Rhino Level 1 Training 2nd Ed.doc Robert McNeel & Associates 1997-2000 All Rights Reserved. Printed in U.S.A. Copyright by Robert McNeel & Associates.

More information

An Introduction to Autodesk Inventor 2010 and AutoCAD Randy H. Shih SDC PUBLICATIONS. Schroff Development Corporation

An Introduction to Autodesk Inventor 2010 and AutoCAD Randy H. Shih SDC PUBLICATIONS. Schroff Development Corporation An Introduction to Autodesk Inventor 2010 and AutoCAD 2010 Randy H. Shih SDC PUBLICATIONS Schroff Development Corporation www.schroff.com 2-1 Chapter 2 Parametric Modeling Fundamentals Create Simple Extruded

More information

Lesson 1 Parametric Modeling Fundamentals

Lesson 1 Parametric Modeling Fundamentals 1-1 Lesson 1 Parametric Modeling Fundamentals Create Simple Parametric Models. Understand the Basic Parametric Modeling Process. Create and Profile Rough Sketches. Understand the "Shape before size" approach.

More information

Autodesk Fusion 360: Model. Overview. Modeling techniques in Fusion 360

Autodesk Fusion 360: Model. Overview. Modeling techniques in Fusion 360 Overview Modeling techniques in Fusion 360 Modeling in Fusion 360 is quite a different experience from how you would model in conventional history-based CAD software. Some users have expressed that it

More information

Advances in MicroStation 3D

Advances in MicroStation 3D MW1HC515 Advances in MicroStation 3D Hands-on class sponsored by the Bentley Institute Presenter: Sam Hendrick, Senior MicroStation Product Consultant Bentley Systems, Incorporated 685 Stockton Drive Exton,

More information

3D AUTOCAD. The view we ve been working in is a top or plan view. From this view even a 3D drawing will appear 2D.

3D AUTOCAD. The view we ve been working in is a top or plan view. From this view even a 3D drawing will appear 2D. 3D AUTOCAD Thus far, we ve looked at tools and operations in 2D with work completed on only the X- and Y- axes. The axes symbol has been present on our screen but we haven t had much use for it. The view

More information

Chapter 2 Parametric Modeling Fundamentals

Chapter 2 Parametric Modeling Fundamentals 2-1 Chapter 2 Parametric Modeling Fundamentals Create Simple Extruded Solid Models Understand the Basic Parametric Modeling Procedure Create 2-D Sketches Understand the Shape before Size Approach Use the

More information

Tutorial Second Level

Tutorial Second Level AutoCAD 2018 Tutorial Second Level 3D Modeling Randy H. Shih SDC PUBLICATIONS Better Textbooks. Lower Prices. www.sdcpublications.com Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Visit the following websites to learn

More information

Module 5: Creating Sheet Metal Transition Piece Between a Square Tube and a Rectangular Tube with Triangulation

Module 5: Creating Sheet Metal Transition Piece Between a Square Tube and a Rectangular Tube with Triangulation 1 Module 5: Creating Sheet Metal Transition Piece Between a Square Tube and a Rectangular Tube with Triangulation In Module 5, we will learn how to create a 3D folded model of a sheet metal transition

More information

AutoCAD 2013 Tutorial - Second Level: 3D Modeling

AutoCAD 2013 Tutorial - Second Level: 3D Modeling AutoCAD 2013 Tutorial - Second Level: 3D Modeling Randy H. Shih SDC PUBLICATIONS Schroff Development Corporation Better Textbooks. Lower Prices. www.sdcpublications.com Visit the following websites to

More information

Memo Block. This lesson includes the commands Sketch, Extruded Boss/Base, Extruded Cut, Shell, Polygon and Fillet.

Memo Block. This lesson includes the commands Sketch, Extruded Boss/Base, Extruded Cut, Shell, Polygon and Fillet. Commands Used New Part This lesson includes the commands Sketch, Extruded Boss/Base, Extruded Cut, Shell, Polygon and Fillet. Click File, New on the standard toolbar. Select Part from the New SolidWorks

More information

Creating T-Spline Forms

Creating T-Spline Forms 1 / 28 Goals 1. Create a T-Spline Primitive Form 2. Create a T-Spline Revolve Form 3. Create a T-Spline Sweep Form 4. Create a T-Spline Loft Form 2 / 28 Instructions Step 1: Go to the Sculpt workspace

More information

Parametric Modeling with UGS NX 4

Parametric Modeling with UGS NX 4 Parametric Modeling with UGS NX 4 Randy H. Shih Oregon Institute of Technology SDC PUBLICATIONS Schroff Development Corporation www.schroff.com www.schroff-europe.com 2-1 Chapter 2 Parametric Modeling

More information

solidthinking Environment...1 Modeling Views...5 Console...13 Selecting Objects...15 Working Modes...19 World Browser...25 Construction Tree...

solidthinking Environment...1 Modeling Views...5 Console...13 Selecting Objects...15 Working Modes...19 World Browser...25 Construction Tree... Copyright 1993-2009 solidthinking, Inc. All rights reserved. solidthinking and renderthinking are trademarks of solidthinking, Inc. All other trademarks or service marks are the property of their respective

More information

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN CURRICULLOM RHINO BASED 3D DESIGN

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN CURRICULLOM RHINO BASED 3D DESIGN COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN CURRICULLOM RHINO BASED 3D DESIGN S.no. CONTENTS Page no S. no. CONTENTS PAGE no. 1. Introduction 1 2. Necessary of Rhino in Designing 2 3. Working with 3D Models 3 4. Object Types

More information

Tips and tricks. AutoCAD 2010

Tips and tricks. AutoCAD 2010 Tips and tricks AutoCAD 2010 Parametric Drawing Powerful new parametric drawing functionality in AutoCAD 2010 enables you to dramatically increase productivity by constraining drawing objects based on

More information

Autodesk Inventor 2019 and Engineering Graphics

Autodesk Inventor 2019 and Engineering Graphics Autodesk Inventor 2019 and Engineering Graphics An Integrated Approach Randy H. Shih SDC PUBLICATIONS Better Textbooks. Lower Prices. www.sdcpublications.com Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Visit the

More information

Lesson 2 Constructive Solid Geometry Concept. Parametric Modeling with I-DEAS 2-1

Lesson 2 Constructive Solid Geometry Concept. Parametric Modeling with I-DEAS 2-1 Lesson 2 Constructive Solid Geometry Concept Parametric Modeling with I-DEAS 2-1 2-2 Parametric Modeling with I-DEAS Introduction In the 1980s, one of the main advancements in Solid Modeling was the development

More information

Autodesk Fusion 360 Training: The Future of Making Things Attendee Guide

Autodesk Fusion 360 Training: The Future of Making Things Attendee Guide Autodesk Fusion 360 Training: The Future of Making Things Attendee Guide Abstract After completing this workshop, you will have a basic understanding of editing 3D models using Autodesk Fusion 360 TM to

More information

Chapter 2 Parametric Modeling Fundamentals

Chapter 2 Parametric Modeling Fundamentals 2-1 Chapter 2 Parametric Modeling Fundamentals Create Simple Extruded Solid Models Understand the Basic Parametric Modeling Procedure Create 2-D Sketches Understand the "Shape before Size" Approach Use

More information

Creating and Working with Solid Model Features

Creating and Working with Solid Model Features This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. ll rights reserved. Chapter Creating and Working with Solid Model Features Learning Objectives fter completing

More information

Create a Rubber Duck. This tutorial shows you how to. Create simple surfaces. Rebuild a surface. Edit surface control points. Draw and project curves

Create a Rubber Duck. This tutorial shows you how to. Create simple surfaces. Rebuild a surface. Edit surface control points. Draw and project curves Page 1 of 24 Create a Rubber Duck This exercise focuses on the free form, squishy aspect. Unlike the flashlight model, the exact size and placement of the objects is not critical. The overall form is the

More information

An Introduction to Autodesk Inventor 2012 and AutoCAD Randy H. Shih SDC PUBLICATIONS. Schroff Development Corporation

An Introduction to Autodesk Inventor 2012 and AutoCAD Randy H. Shih SDC PUBLICATIONS.  Schroff Development Corporation An Introduction to Autodesk Inventor 2012 and AutoCAD 2012 Randy H. Shih SDC PUBLICATIONS www.sdcpublications.com Schroff Development Corporation Visit the following websites to learn more about this book:

More information

Elise Moss Revit Architecture 2017 Basics From the Ground Up SDC. Better Textbooks. Lower Prices.

Elise Moss Revit Architecture 2017 Basics From the Ground Up SDC. Better Textbooks. Lower Prices. Elise Moss Revit Architecture 2017 Basics From the Ground Up SDC P U B L I C AT I O N S Better Textbooks. Lower Prices. www.sdcpublications.com Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Visit the following websites

More information

Licom Systems Ltd., Training Course Notes. 3D Surface Creation

Licom Systems Ltd., Training Course Notes. 3D Surface Creation , Training Course Notes Work Volume and Work Planes...........................1 Overview..........................................1 Work Volume....................................1 Work Plane......................................1

More information

An Introduction to Autodesk Inventor 2013 and AutoCAD

An Introduction to Autodesk Inventor 2013 and AutoCAD An Introduction to Autodesk Inventor 2013 and AutoCAD 2013 Randy H. Shih SDC PUBLICATIONS Schroff Development Corporation Better Textbooks. Lower Prices. www.sdcpublications.com Visit the following websites

More information

Lesson 3: Surface Creation

Lesson 3: Surface Creation Lesson 3: Surface Creation In this lesson, you will learn how to create surfaces from wireframes. Lesson Contents: Case Study: Surface Creation Design Intent Stages in the Process Choice of Surface Sweeping

More information

AutoCAD 2009 Configuration for MUS

AutoCAD 2009 Configuration for MUS AutoCAD 2009 Configuration for MUS NOTE: The following steps do not apply to AutoCAD 2006 or earlier versions. These steps must be done before attempting to use MicroScribe Utility Software (MUS) with

More information

December 3, :30 to 5:30 pm. Speaker Name: Tom Short, P.E. Course Title: Taking A Step Into The World Of 3D

December 3, :30 to 5:30 pm. Speaker Name: Tom Short, P.E. Course Title: Taking A Step Into The World Of 3D Las Vegas, Nevada December 3, 2002 1:30 to 5:30 pm Speaker Name: Tom Short, P.E. Course Title: Taking A Step Into The World Of 3D Course ID: GD122 Course Outline: Are you an experienced AutoCAD 2D user

More information

A Comprehensive Introduction to SolidWorks 2011

A Comprehensive Introduction to SolidWorks 2011 A Comprehensive Introduction to SolidWorks 2011 Godfrey Onwubolu, Ph.D. SDC PUBLICATIONS www.sdcpublications.com Schroff Development Corporation Chapter 2 Geometric Construction Tools Objectives: When

More information

LAB # 2 3D Modeling, Properties Commands & Attributes

LAB # 2 3D Modeling, Properties Commands & Attributes COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Electrical Engineering Department (Islamabad Campus) LAB # 2 3D Modeling, Properties Commands & Attributes Designed by Syed Muzahir Abbas 1 1. Overview of the

More information

Autodesk 123D Beta5 Overview

Autodesk 123D Beta5 Overview Autodesk 123D Beta5 Overview Welcome. This overview document for Autodesk 123D will assist you in developing your understanding of the software and how you can use it to create your design ideas. Designing

More information

What We Should Really Be Teaching in the AutoCAD Classroom, Part II

What We Should Really Be Teaching in the AutoCAD Classroom, Part II What We Should Really Be Teaching in the AutoCAD Classroom, Part II J.C. Malitzke Moraine Valley Community College ED311-1 This class will focus on the 3D commands and features of AutoCAD. For the past

More information

4) Finish the spline here. To complete the spline, double click the last point or select the spline tool again.

4) Finish the spline here. To complete the spline, double click the last point or select the spline tool again. 1) Select the line tool 3) Move the cursor along the X direction (be careful to stay on the X axis alignment so that the line is perpendicular) and click for the second point of the line. Type 0.5 for

More information

Engineering Drawing II

Engineering Drawing II Instructional Unit Basic Shading and Rendering -Basic Shading -Students will be able -Demonstrate the ability Class Discussions 3.1.12.B, -Basic Rendering to shade a 3D model to apply shading to a 3D 3.2.12.C,

More information

SWITCHING FROM SKETCHUP TO VECTORWORKS

SWITCHING FROM SKETCHUP TO VECTORWORKS SWITCHING FROM SKETCHUP TO VECTORWORKS INTRODUCTION There are a lot of 3D modeling software programs to choose from and each has its own strengths and weaknesses. For architects, flexibility and ease of

More information

S206E Lecture 3, 5/15/2017, Rhino 2D drawing an overview

S206E Lecture 3, 5/15/2017, Rhino 2D drawing an overview Copyright 2017, Chiu-Shui Chan. All Rights Reserved. S206E057 Spring 2017 Rhino 2D drawing is very much the same as it is developed in AutoCAD. There are a lot of similarities in interface and in executing

More information

Using 3D AutoCAD Surfaces to Create Composite Solids

Using 3D AutoCAD Surfaces to Create Composite Solids Using 3D AutoCAD Surfaces to Create Composite Solids J.D. Mather Pennsylvania College of Technology GD211-2P This class explores the creation of 3D surfaces used in creating composite solids. Many solid

More information

It is a good idea to practice View Control tools for 5 minutes at the start of every 3D session, before doing any other work.

It is a good idea to practice View Control tools for 5 minutes at the start of every 3D session, before doing any other work. 3D View Control Module Overview All the 2D view controls, such as Fit View, Zoom In and Out, Window Area, and Pan, can be used in 3D. As in 2D, elements to the left, right, above, or below can be excluded

More information

Autodesk Inventor 6 Essentials Instructor Guide Chapter Four: Creating Placed Features Chapter Outline This chapter provides instruction on the follow

Autodesk Inventor 6 Essentials Instructor Guide Chapter Four: Creating Placed Features Chapter Outline This chapter provides instruction on the follow Chapter Four: Creating Placed Features Chapter Outline This chapter provides instruction on the following topics and provides exercises for students to practice their skills. Day Two Topic: How to create

More information

3D Modeler Creating Custom myhouse Symbols

3D Modeler Creating Custom myhouse Symbols 3D Modeler Creating Custom myhouse Symbols myhouse includes a large number of predrawn symbols. For most designs and floorplans, these should be sufficient. For plans that require that special table, bed,

More information

Publication Number spse01695

Publication Number spse01695 XpresRoute (tubing) Publication Number spse01695 XpresRoute (tubing) Publication Number spse01695 Proprietary and restricted rights notice This software and related documentation are proprietary to Siemens

More information

Autodesk Inventor 2016 Learn by doing. Tutorial Books

Autodesk Inventor 2016 Learn by doing. Tutorial Books Autodesk Inventor 2016 Learn by doing Tutorial Books Copyright 2015 Kishore This book may not be duplicated in any way without the express written consent of the publisher, except in the form of brief

More information

Learning Autodesk Inventor 2014

Learning Autodesk Inventor 2014 Learning Autodesk Inventor 2014 Modeling, Assembly and Analysis Randy H. Shih SDC P U B L I C AT I O N S Better Textbooks. Lower Prices. www.sdcpublications.com Visit the following websites to learn more

More information

Parametric Modeling with NX 12

Parametric Modeling with NX 12 Parametric Modeling with NX 12 NEW Contains a new chapter on 3D printing Randy H. Shih SDC PUBLICATIONS Better Textbooks. Lower Prices. www.sdcpublications.com Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Visit the

More information

Module 1B: Parallel-Line Flat Pattern Development of Sheet- Metal Folded Model Wrapping the 3D Space of A Truncated Right Prism

Module 1B: Parallel-Line Flat Pattern Development of Sheet- Metal Folded Model Wrapping the 3D Space of A Truncated Right Prism Inventor (5) Module 1B: 1B- 1 Module 1B: Parallel-Line Flat Pattern Development of Sheet- Metal Folded Model Wrapping the 3D Space of A Truncated Right Prism In this Module, we will learn how to create

More information

Introduction to SolidWorks Basics Materials Tech. Wood

Introduction to SolidWorks Basics Materials Tech. Wood Introduction to SolidWorks Basics Materials Tech. Wood Table of Contents Table of Contents... 1 Book End... 2 Introduction... 2 Learning Intentions... 2 Modelling the Base... 3 Modelling the Front... 10

More information

Module 2 Review. Assemblies and Rendering. Why Use Assemblies. Assemblies - Key Concepts. Sketch Planes Sketched Features.

Module 2 Review. Assemblies and Rendering. Why Use Assemblies. Assemblies - Key Concepts. Sketch Planes Sketched Features. Module 2 Review Assemblies and Rendering EF 101 Modules 3.1, 3.2 Sketch Planes Sketched Features Extrude, Revolve Placed Features Hole, Fillet, Chamfer, Shell, Rect. Pattern Drawing Views Base, Ortho,

More information

ARCHITECTURE & GAMES. A is for Architect Simple Mass Modeling FORM & SPACE. Industry Careers Framework. Applied. Getting Started.

ARCHITECTURE & GAMES. A is for Architect Simple Mass Modeling FORM & SPACE. Industry Careers Framework. Applied. Getting Started. A is for Architect Simple Mass Modeling One of the first introductions to form and space usually comes at a very early age. As an infant, you might have played with building blocks to help hone your motor

More information

Module 1: Basics of Solids Modeling with SolidWorks

Module 1: Basics of Solids Modeling with SolidWorks Module 1: Basics of Solids Modeling with SolidWorks Introduction SolidWorks is the state of the art in computer-aided design (CAD). SolidWorks represents an object in a virtual environment just as it exists

More information

The radius for a regular polygon is the same as the radius of the circumscribed circle.

The radius for a regular polygon is the same as the radius of the circumscribed circle. Perimeter and Area The perimeter and area of geometric shapes are basic properties that we need to know. The more complex a shape is, the more complex the process can be in finding its perimeter and area.

More information

Selective Space Structures Manual

Selective Space Structures Manual Selective Space Structures Manual February 2017 CONTENTS 1 Contents 1 Overview and Concept 4 1.1 General Concept........................... 4 1.2 Modules................................ 6 2 The 3S Generator

More information

VERO UK TRAINING MATERIAL

VERO UK TRAINING MATERIAL VERO UK TRAINING MATERIAL VISI Basic 2-D Modelling course (V-16) VISI Modelling 2D Design Introduction Many component designs follow a similar route, beginning with a 2D design, part modelled using solids

More information

Publication Number spse01695

Publication Number spse01695 XpresRoute (tubing) Publication Number spse01695 XpresRoute (tubing) Publication Number spse01695 Proprietary and restricted rights notice This software and related documentation are proprietary to Siemens

More information

Ansoft HFSS Solids Menu

Ansoft HFSS Solids Menu Ansoft HFSS Use the commands on the Solids menu to: Draw simple 3D objects such as cylinders, boxes, cones, and spheres. Draw a spiral or helix. Sweep a 2D object to create a 3D object. 2D objects can

More information

Constructing treatment features

Constructing treatment features Constructing treatment features Publication Number spse01530 Constructing treatment features Publication Number spse01530 Proprietary and restricted rights notice This software and related documentation

More information

Rhino Interface. Menus Command History Command Prompt. Toolbars. Viewport Title. Viewports. Common Shortcuts. Object Snaps.

Rhino Interface. Menus Command History Command Prompt. Toolbars. Viewport Title. Viewports. Common Shortcuts. Object Snaps. Rhino Interface Menus Command History Command Prompt Toolbars Viewport Title LMB: activate viewport without losing selection Double Click: maximise viewport RMB: show viewport options: wireframe, shaded,

More information

3D Modeling and Design Glossary - Beginner

3D Modeling and Design Glossary - Beginner 3D Modeling and Design Glossary - Beginner Align: to place or arrange (things) in a straight line. To use the Align tool, select at least two objects by Shift left-clicking on them or by dragging a box

More information

StickFont Editor v1.01 User Manual. Copyright 2012 NCPlot Software LLC

StickFont Editor v1.01 User Manual. Copyright 2012 NCPlot Software LLC StickFont Editor v1.01 User Manual Copyright 2012 NCPlot Software LLC StickFont Editor Manual Table of Contents Welcome... 1 Registering StickFont Editor... 3 Getting Started... 5 Getting Started...

More information

QuickTutor. An Introductory SilverScreen Modeling Tutorial. Solid Modeler

QuickTutor. An Introductory SilverScreen Modeling Tutorial. Solid Modeler QuickTutor An Introductory SilverScreen Modeling Tutorial Solid Modeler TM Copyright Copyright 2005 by Schroff Development Corporation, Shawnee-Mission, Kansas, United States of America. All rights reserved.

More information

Geometry Vocabulary. acute angle-an angle measuring less than 90 degrees

Geometry Vocabulary. acute angle-an angle measuring less than 90 degrees Geometry Vocabulary acute angle-an angle measuring less than 90 degrees angle-the turn or bend between two intersecting lines, line segments, rays, or planes angle bisector-an angle bisector is a ray that

More information

Autodesk Inventor 2018

Autodesk Inventor 2018 Learning Autodesk Inventor 2018 Modeling, Assembly and Analysis Randy H. Shih SDC PUBLICATIONS Better Textbooks. Lower Prices. www.sdcpublications.com Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Visit the following

More information

Getting started with Solid Edge with Synchronous Technology

Getting started with Solid Edge with Synchronous Technology Getting started with Solid Edge with Synchronous Technology Publication Number MU29000-ENG-1000 Proprietary and Restricted Rights Notice This software and related documentation are proprietary to Siemens

More information

Solid Bodies and Disjointed Bodies

Solid Bodies and Disjointed Bodies Solid Bodies and Disjointed Bodies Generally speaking when modelling in Solid Works each Part file will contain single solid object. As you are modelling, each feature is merged or joined to the previous

More information

User Guide. for. JewelCAD Professional Version 2.0

User Guide. for. JewelCAD Professional Version 2.0 User Guide Page 1 of 121 User Guide for JewelCAD Professional Version 2.0-1 - User Guide Page 2 of 121 Table of Content 1. Introduction... 7 1.1. Purpose of this document... 7 2. Launch JewelCAD Professional

More information

Input CAD Solid Model Assemblies - Split into separate Part Files. DXF, IGES WMF, EMF STL, VDA, Rhino Parasolid, ACIS

Input CAD Solid Model Assemblies - Split into separate Part Files. DXF, IGES WMF, EMF STL, VDA, Rhino Parasolid, ACIS General NC File Output List NC Code Post Processor Selection Printer/Plotter Output Insert Existing Drawing File Input NC Code as Geometry or Tool Paths Input Raster Image Files Report Creator and Designer

More information

Modeling a Gear Standard Tools, Surface Tools Solid Tool View, Trackball, Show-Hide Snaps Window 1-1

Modeling a Gear Standard Tools, Surface Tools Solid Tool View, Trackball, Show-Hide Snaps Window 1-1 Modeling a Gear This tutorial describes how to create a toothed gear. It combines using wireframe, solid, and surface modeling together to create a part. The model was created in standard units. To begin,

More information

FOLLOWING ALONG THE PATH

FOLLOWING ALONG THE PATH FOLLOWING ALONG THE PATH 3D MODULE 18 OBJECTIVES At the completion of the Module you should be able to: Create a solid model by extruding a profile along a predefined pathway. Use the Press/Pull command

More information

3ds Max Cottage Step 1. Always start out by setting up units: We re going with this setup as we will round everything off to one inch.

3ds Max Cottage Step 1. Always start out by setting up units: We re going with this setup as we will round everything off to one inch. 3ds Max Cottage Step 1 Always start out by setting up units: We re going with this setup as we will round everything off to one inch. File/Import the CAD drawing Be sure Files of Type is set to all formats

More information

Module 6B: Creating Poly-Conic Sheet Metal Pieces for a Spherical Space

Module 6B: Creating Poly-Conic Sheet Metal Pieces for a Spherical Space 1 Module 6B: Creating Poly-Conic Sheet Metal Pieces for a Spherical Space In Module 6B, we will learn how to create a folded 3D model of an approximate 2D flat pattern for a 120-inch or 10-foot diameter

More information