All forms of EM waves travel at the speed of light in a vacuum = 3.00 x 10 8 m/s This speed is constant in air as well
|
|
- Corey Sims
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Pre AP Physics Light & Optics Chapters Light is an electromagnetic wave Electromagnetic waves: Oscillating electric and magnetic fields that are perpendicular to the direction the wave moves Difference frequencies & wavelengths o In visible light, this gives different colors Electromagnetic spectrum (in order of increasing frequency & decreasing wavelength) Radio waves Microwaves Infrared waves Visible Light (ROYGBIV) Ultraviolet light X rays Gamma rays All forms of EM waves travel at the speed of light in a vacuum = 3.00 x 10 8 m/s This speed is constant in air as well c = f λ (velocity of a wave formula, but speed of light is special and gets its own variable c) Brightness of light decreases by the square of the distance from the source because the light is spreading out If move 2x s away from source, the brightness decreases by 4 Light traveling through a uniform substance (medium) always travels in a straight line If it encounters a different medium (at a boundary), its path will change If the new medium is opaque, some light is absorbed & some is reflected a good mirror can reflect 90% of incident light Texture of surface affects reflection If a rough, textured surface, light is reflected in many different directions diffuse reflection Ex. Paper, cloth, unpolished wood
2 If smooth, shiny surface, light is reflected in one direction only specular reflection Ex. Mirror, water in a pond Incoming & reflected angles are equal (law of reflection) Mirrors 3 types of mirrors flat/plane, concave & convex Flat/Plane mirrors Simplest of all mirrors If an object is placed in front of flat mirror & light is bounced off object, the light rays spread out from the object and reflect from the mirror s surface To the observer, the rays appear to come from a location on the other side of the mirror when this happens, the image is called a virtual image A flat mirror always forms a virtual image which can only be seen behind the surface of the mirror Image formed by a flat mirror has right to left reversal right side of the object is the image s left side Distance of object to mirror (s o ) = distance of image to mirror (s i ) Height of object (h o ) = height of image (h i )
3 Curved Mirrors Concave & Convex Concave Mirrors: - used when need a magnified image (dressing table, dentist) - also called converging mirror because light rays converge after reflection - amount mirror is curved determines 1) where image will appear & 2) how large the image will be - Radius of curvature (R) is the distance from the mirror s surface to the center of curvature (C) of the sphere that the mirror is a small part of - The focal point (F) occurs at the ½ way point between the mirror & the center of curvature the focal length (f) is the distance from the mirror to the focal point - Can form real image an image that can be displayed on a surface - Can also form a virtual image image that appears behind the mirror Mirror Equation Relates object distance, image distance & focal length 1/s o + 1/s i = 1/f s o = object distance s i = image distance f = focal length Can also calculate Magnification how large or small image is with respect to the object s size, is unitless (because a ratio) M = h i /h o = - s i /s o Sign Convention for mirrors Image distance: Real images occur on side of mirror in which light rays reflect (front side of mirror) s i is + Virtual images occur on side of mirror where no light rays reflect (back side of mirror) s i is (-) Heights (objects & images) h is + when is above principal axis (upright) h is (-) when is below principal axis (inverted) Focal length (f) f is + when converging (concave mirror) f is (-) when diverging (convex mirror)
4 Magnification M>1 = image larger than object M<1 = image smaller than object Ray Diagrams used to locate an image formed by a mirror - Draw to scale - Can draw 3 reference rays only need 2 to see where image is formed (image is formed where two lines intersect) From Object to Mirror From Mirror after reflection 1. parallel to principal axis through focal point (F) 2. through focal point (F) parallel to principal axis 3. through center of curvature (C) back along itself through C RAY DIAGRAM WS As move object relative to mirror image changes a. if the object is further from mirror than the focal length image is real & inverted b. if the object is at the focal point image is not formed c. if the object is between F & mirror image is virtual & upright [Mirrors WS #1-6] Convex mirrors - image smaller than object - images distorted near the edges - also called a diverging mirror because rays diverge after reflection - focal point & center of curvature on opposite side of mirror (behind the mirror) so focal length is negative - image always virtual (image distance always negative) - Applications: Take objects in a large field of view & produce a small image which gives observer a complete view of a large area in stores to help monitor customers, intersections of busy hallways, passenger s side mirror in car ( objects are closer than they appear ) Ray Diagrams use same rays as concave mirror, except when rays extend behind mirror, they are drawn as dotted lines since the light rays don t actually travel there Focal point & center of curvature is behind mirror RAY DIAGRAM WS Images are always virtual, upright & reduced [Mirrors WS #7-10]
5 Refraction - Bending of light as it travels from 1 medium to another - When light travels from one transparent medium to another at any angle other than straight on (parallel to normal), light ray changes direction when it meets the boundary Angles of incoming (incident) light rays & refracted light rays are measured with respect to the normal (a dotted line drawn perpendicular to the boundary) Angle between the incident ray & normal is the angle of incidence Θ i Angle between the refracted ray and normal is the angle of refraction Θ r Speed of light changes when it is traveling through different materials (glass, water, ice, diamonds, quartz) When light moves form a medium where speed is faster to medium where speed is slower ray bends TOWARD normal Ex. Air glass If light moves from medium with slower speed to medium with faster speed ray bends AWAY from normal Ex. Glass air If incident ray is parallel to normal (perpendicular to the boundary), no refraction occurs The path of a light ray that crosses a boundary is reversible Law of Refraction (Simulation)
6 Index of refraction (n) ratio of speed of light in a vacuum (air) to the speed of light in a medium - always greater than 1 - air = 1 (which is smallest index of refraction) n = c/v n = index of refraction (ration therefore no units) c = speed of light in vacuum (or air) (3 x 10 8 m/s) v = speed of light in medium What happens to the index of refraction if v gets faster? Slower? The larger the index of refraction, the slower light travels through the medium, & the more the light ray will bend when it passes into the medium from a vacuum/air Objects appear to be in different positions due to refraction Ex. Cat on a pier looking at fish underwater - cat perceives fish to be closer to surface - fish perceives cat to be further away
7 Index of refraction is affected by wavelength When white light passes through a prism & separated into the colors (ROYGBIV), each color refracts a different amount since each color of light has a different wavelength To find angle of refraction, use Snell s Law: n 1 sinθ 1 = n 2 sinθ 2 [WS #11-14] Light traveling through a pane of glass is bent towards normal when enters pane As it exits, light is bent again & since speed increases, is bent away from normal It leaves the pane of glass traveling parallel to the ray that entered the glass The sideways displacement depends on 1. thickness of pane 2. index of refraction 3. angle of incidence of light ray Lenses Like mirrors, can form images but by refraction instead of reflection Images can be real or virtual depending on the type of lens & placement of object Used in optical instruments microscopes, cameras, telescopes, your eye 2 main types converging & diverging Focal point can occur on either side of the lens since light can pass through either way (unlike mirrors) Converging lens focal point on opposite side of where object is placed - can produce real or virtual images
8 Diverging lens focal point on same side as where object is placed F occurs where diverging rays appear to originate - only produce virtual, upright, reduced images - Thin Lens Equation (same as mirror equation) (applies to lenses that are thinner than their focal length) 1/s o + 1/s i = 1/f s o = object distance s i = image distance f = focal length Can also calculate Magnification how large or small image is with respect to the object s size, is unitless (because a ratio) M = h i /h o = - s i /s o Sign Convention for lenses Image distance: Real images occur on side of mirror in which light rays reflect (front side of mirror) s i is + Virtual images occur on side of mirror where no light rays reflect (back side of mirror) s i is (-) Heights (objects & images) h is + when is above principal axis (upright) h is (-) when is below principal axis (inverted) Focal length (f) f is + when converging f is (-) when diverging Magnification M>1 = image larger than object M<1 = image smaller than object
9 Ray Diagrams 3 rays can draw: From object to lens From lens refracted 1. parallel to principal axis passes through focal point (F) 2. to center of lens from center of lens 3. passes through focal point or parallel to principal axis Back toward focal point Eye is like a lens if have systems with more than 1 lens, calculate image of 1 st lens normally (ignoring second lens) & then use image of lens 1 as object of lens 2 to get final image Magnification is calculated for the system by multiplying the magnifications of the separate lenses Exs. Compound microscopes = 2 converging lenses Refracting telescopes = 2 converging lenses Polarization of Light Waves In electromagnetic wave, electric field is at right angles to the magnetic field & direction of propagation (3D) Light from typical source consists of waves with electric fields oscillating in random directions unpolarized light It is possible to separate waved with vertical oscillations from waves with horizontal oscillation linear polarization Linear polarization can occur 2 ways 1. Linear polarization by transmission - send light through certain transparent crystals - direction of polarization is determined by arrangement of atoms/molecules in crystal - effect is similar to sending transverse waves along a rope through slats of a picket fence & only transverse waves in up & down direction can pass through while all others are blocked - transmission axis = line along which light is polarized when polarized by transmission - only light waves that are linearly polarized with respect to transmission axis can freely pass through Can use a polarizing substance to determine if & how light is linearly polarized by rotating substance as beam of polarized light passes through, will see a change in intensity of light - light is brightest when plan of polarization is parallel to transmission axis - when transmission axis is perpendicular to plane of polarization of light, no light passes through
10 2. Polarization by reflection - when light is reflected at certain angles from a surface, reflected light is completely polarized parallel to reflecting surface - if surface is parallel to ground, light is polarized horizontally - ex. Glaring light reflected at low angle from roads, bodies of water 7 car hoods - because light that causes glare is usually polarized horizontally, can be filtered out by a polarizing substance with vertical transmission axis i.e. polarizing sunglasses Rainbows can be observed anytime observer is between source of light & water droplets in air - sunlight strikes the water droplets & passes through front surface, it is then partially reflected back to the observer from the back of the droplet - rainbow occurs because sunlight is bent as it passes from air to water and then back from water into air Color (USE DEMOS!!!) Have you ever noticed that the color of an object can appear different when placed in different lighting conditions? This occurs because of differences in the light reflecting & absorbing properties of the object being illuminated Color of an object depends on which wavelengths of light shine on the object & which wavelengths are reflected The color an object appears is the color/wavelength that is reflected i.e. a green leaf in white light reflects green wavelengths and absorbs all others White = all colors reflected Black = all colors absorbed & none reflected If green leaf in red light leaf appears black because no green to reflect, just red that gets absorbed Prisms can disperse white light into its elementary colors (ROYGIV) sending the elementary colors back through a prism combines them into white light Additive Primary Colors Red, Green, Blue - when added in varying proportions, can form all the colors of the spectrum - Red & green combine to form yellow which is a complimentary color of blue since when yellow & blue are combined it forms white light - 2 primary colors combine to produce the complement of the 3 rd primary color
11 Applications of additive primary colors - certain chemical compounds give color to glass ex. Iron green Manganese magenta Since green & magenta are complementary colors the right proportions will give clear glass - color TV screen consists of small, luminous dots (pixels) that glow either blue, green or red. By varying brightness of the different pixels can produce many different colors Subtractive primary colors cyan, magenta, yellow - pigments (paints or crayons) - when pigments are mixed, each one subtracts certain colors from white light and the resulting color depends on the frequencies NOT absorbed - when 2 primary subtractive colors are combined they produce either red, green or blue pigments - When 3 primary pigments combined in proper proportion, makes black
What is it? How does it work? How do we use it?
What is it? How does it work? How do we use it? Dual Nature http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dfpeprq7ogc o Electromagnetic Waves display wave behavior o Created by oscillating electric and magnetic fields
More informationLIGHT. Speed of light Law of Reflection Refraction Snell s Law Mirrors Lenses
LIGHT Speed of light Law of Reflection Refraction Snell s Law Mirrors Lenses Light = Electromagnetic Wave Requires No Medium to Travel Oscillating Electric and Magnetic Field Travel at the speed of light
More informationSection 2 Flat Mirrors. Distinguish between specular and diffuse reflection of light. Apply the law of reflection for flat mirrors.
Section 2 Flat Mirrors Objectives Distinguish between specular and diffuse reflection of light. Apply the law of reflection for flat mirrors. Describe the nature of images formed by flat mirrors. Section
More informationGEOMETRIC OPTICS. LENSES refract light, so we need to know how light bends when entering and exiting a lens and how that interaction forms an image.
I. What is GEOMTERIC OPTICS GEOMETRIC OPTICS In geometric optics, LIGHT is treated as imaginary rays. How these rays interact with at the interface of different media, including lenses and mirrors, is
More informationUnit 11 Light and Optics Holt Chapter 14 Student Outline Light and Refraction
Holt Chapter 14 Student Outline Light and Refraction Variables introduced or used in chapter: Quantity Symbol Units Speed of light frequency wavelength angle Object Distance Image Distance Radius of Curvature
More informationChapter 26 Geometrical Optics
Chapter 26 Geometrical Optics 26.1 The Reflection of Light 26.2 Forming Images With a Plane Mirror 26.3 Spherical Mirrors 26.4 Ray Tracing and the Mirror Equation 26.5 The Refraction of Light 26.6 Ray
More informationLight: Geometric Optics
Light: Geometric Optics The Ray Model of Light Light very often travels in straight lines. We represent light using rays, which are straight lines emanating from an object. This is an idealization, but
More informationChapter 32 Light: Reflection and Refraction. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 32 Light: Reflection and Refraction Units of Chapter 32 The Ray Model of Light Reflection; Image Formation by a Plane Mirror Formation of Images by Spherical Mirrors Index of Refraction Refraction:
More informationAP Physics: Curved Mirrors and Lenses
The Ray Model of Light Light often travels in straight lines. We represent light using rays, which are straight lines emanating from an object. This is an idealization, but is very useful for geometric
More informationChapter 26 Geometrical Optics
Chapter 26 Geometrical Optics 1 Overview of Chapter 26 The Reflection of Light Forming Images with a Plane Mirror Spherical Mirrors Ray Tracing and the Mirror Equation The Refraction of Light Ray Tracing
More informationPhys102 Lecture 21/22 Light: Reflection and Refraction
Phys102 Lecture 21/22 Light: Reflection and Refraction Key Points The Ray Model of Light Reflection and Mirrors Refraction, Snell s Law Total internal Reflection References 23-1,2,3,4,5,6. The Ray Model
More informationChapter 26 Geometrical Optics
Chapter 26 Geometrical Optics The Reflection of Light: Mirrors: Mirrors produce images because the light that strikes them is reflected, rather than absorbed. Reflected light does much more than produce
More informationChapter 7: Geometrical Optics. The branch of physics which studies the properties of light using the ray model of light.
Chapter 7: Geometrical Optics The branch of physics which studies the properties of light using the ray model of light. Overview Geometrical Optics Spherical Mirror Refraction Thin Lens f u v r and f 2
More informationAlgebra Based Physics
Slide 1 / 66 Slide 2 / 66 Algebra Based Physics Geometric Optics 2015-12-01 www.njctl.org Table of ontents Slide 3 / 66 lick on the topic to go to that section Reflection Spherical Mirror Refraction and
More informationWillis High School Physics Workbook Unit 7 Waves and Optics
Willis High School Physics Workbook Unit 7 Waves and Optics This workbook belongs to Period Waves and Optics Pacing Guide DAY DATE TEXTBOOK PREREADING CLASSWORK HOMEWORK ASSESSMENT M 2/25 T 2/26 W 2/27
More informationLight: Geometric Optics
Light: Geometric Optics 23.1 The Ray Model of Light Light very often travels in straight lines. We represent light using rays, which are straight lines emanating from an object. This is an idealization,
More informationLight: Geometric Optics (Chapter 23)
Light: Geometric Optics (Chapter 23) Units of Chapter 23 The Ray Model of Light Reflection; Image Formed by a Plane Mirror Formation of Images by Spherical Index of Refraction Refraction: Snell s Law 1
More informationConceptual Physics 11 th Edition
Conceptual Physics 11 th Edition Chapter 28: REFLECTION & REFRACTION This lecture will help you understand: Reflection Principle of Least Time Law of Reflection Refraction Cause of Refraction Dispersion
More informationNicholas J. Giordano. Chapter 24. Geometrical Optics. Marilyn Akins, PhD Broome Community College
Nicholas J. Giordano www.cengage.com/physics/giordano Chapter 24 Geometrical Optics Marilyn Akins, PhD Broome Community College Optics The study of light is called optics Some highlights in the history
More informationPHYS 219 General Physics: Electricity, Light and Modern Physics
PHYS 219 General Physics: Electricity, Light and Modern Physics Exam 2 is scheduled on Tuesday, March 26 @ 8 10 PM In Physics 114 It will cover four Chapters 21, 22, 23, and 24. Start reviewing lecture
More informationHW Chapter 20 Q 2,3,4,5,6,10,13 P 1,2,3. Chapter 20. Classic and Modern Optics. Dr. Armen Kocharian
HW Chapter 20 Q 2,3,4,5,6,10,13 P 1,2,3 Chapter 20 Classic and Modern Optics Dr. Armen Kocharian Electromagnetic waves and matter: A Brief History of Light 1000 AD It was proposed that light consisted
More informationOptics II. Reflection and Mirrors
Optics II Reflection and Mirrors Geometric Optics Using a Ray Approximation Light travels in a straight-line path in a homogeneous medium until it encounters a boundary between two different media The
More informationConceptual Physics Fundamentals
Conceptual Physics Fundamentals Chapter 14: PROPERTIES OF LIGHT This lecture will help you understand: Reflection Refraction Dispersion Total Internal Reflection Lenses Polarization Properties of Light
More informationLight & Optical Systems Reflection & Refraction. Notes
Light & Optical Systems Reflection & Refraction Notes What is light? Light is electromagnetic radiation Ultra-violet + visible + infra-red Behavior of Light Light behaves in 2 ways particles (photons)
More informationDispersion (23.5) Neil Alberding (SFU Physics) Physics 121: Optics, Electricity & Magnetism Spring / 17
Neil Alberding (SFU Physics) Physics 121: Optics, Electricity & Magnetism Spring 2010 1 / 17 Dispersion (23.5) The speed of light in a material depends on its wavelength White light is a mixture of wavelengths
More informationLight, Lenses, Mirrors
Light, Lenses, Mirrors Optics Light is Dual in nature- has both particle and wave properties. Light = range of frequencies of electromagnetic waves that stimulates the eye s retina Facts About Light It
More informationLecture Outline Chapter 26. Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Outline Chapter 26 Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker Chapter 26 Geometrical Optics Units of Chapter 26 The Reflection of Light Forming Images with a Plane Mirror Spherical Mirrors Ray Tracing
More informationRecap: Refraction. Amount of bending depends on: - angle of incidence - refractive index of medium. (n 2 > n 1 ) n 2
Amount of bending depends on: - angle of incidence - refractive index of medium Recap: Refraction λ 1 (n 2 > n 1 ) Snell s Law: When light passes from one transparent medium to another, the rays will be
More informationSNC 2PI Optics Unit Review /95 Name:
SNC 2PI Optics Unit Review /95 Name: Part 1: True or False Indicate in the space provided if the statement is true (T) or false(f) [15] 1. Light is a form of energy 2. Shadows are proof that light travels
More informationRay Optics. Ray model Reflection Refraction, total internal reflection Color dispersion Lenses Image formation Magnification Spherical mirrors
Ray Optics Ray model Reflection Refraction, total internal reflection Color dispersion Lenses Image formation Magnification Spherical mirrors 1 Ray optics Optical imaging and color in medicine Integral
More informationChapter 7: Geometrical Optics
Chapter 7: Geometrical Optics 7. Reflection at a Spherical Surface L.O 7.. State laws of reflection Laws of reflection state: L.O The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal all lie in the same
More informationChapter 12 Notes: Optics
Chapter 12 Notes: Optics How can the paths traveled by light rays be rearranged in order to form images? In this chapter we will consider just one form of electromagnetic wave: visible light. We will be
More informationOptics Test Science What are some devices that you use in everyday life that require optics?
Optics Test Science 8 Introduction to Optics 1. What are some devices that you use in everyday life that require optics? Light Energy and Its Sources 308-8 identify and describe properties of visible light
More informationLight travels in straight lines, this is referred to as... this means that light does not bend...
SNC 2DI - 10.2 Properties of Light and Reflection Light travels in straight lines, this is referred to as... this means that light does not bend... Reflection : Light travels in a straight line as long
More informationReflection & Mirrors
Reflection & Mirrors Geometric Optics Using a Ray Approximation Light travels in a straight-line path in a homogeneous medium until it encounters a boundary between two different media A ray of light is
More informationThe Reflection of Light
King Saud University College of Applied Studies and Community Service Department of Natural Sciences The Reflection of Light General Physics II PHYS 111 Nouf Alkathran nalkathran@ksu.edu.sa Outline Introduction
More informationspecular diffuse reflection.
Lesson 8 Light and Optics The Nature of Light Properties of Light: Reflection Refraction Interference Diffraction Polarization Dispersion and Prisms Total Internal Reflection Huygens s Principle The Nature
More information4. Refraction. glass, air, Perspex and water.
Mr. C. Grima 11 1. Rays and Beams A ray of light is a narrow beam of parallel light, which can be represented by a line with an arrow on it, in diagrams. A group of rays makes up a beam of light. In laboratory
More informationCharacteristics of Light
Characteristics of Light The Nature of Light Light is electromagnetic energy that stimulates the photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye. This form of energy is our most important means of learning
More informationChapter 18 Ray Optics
Chapter 18 Ray Optics Chapter Goal: To understand and apply the ray model of light. Slide 18-1 Chapter 18 Preview Looking Ahead Text p. 565 Slide 18-2 Wavefronts and Rays When visible light or other electromagnetic
More informationindex of refraction-light speed
AP Physics Study Guide Chapters 22, 23, 24 Reflection, Refraction and Interference Name Write each of the equations specified below, include units for all quantities. Law of Reflection Lens-Mirror Equation
More informationChapter 5 Mirrors and Lenses
Chapter 5 Notes: Mirrors and Lenses Name: Block: The Ray Model of Light The ray model of light represents light as a line, or ray, indicating the path of a beam of light. Light travels in straight lines
More informationPick up Light Packet & Light WS
Pick up Light Packet & Light WS Only sit or stand at a station with a cup. Test or Quiz Make Ups Today/Tomorrow after School Only. Sound Test Corrections/Retakes: Wednesday, Next Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday
More informationINTRODUCTION REFLECTION AND REFRACTION AT BOUNDARIES. Introduction. Reflection and refraction at boundaries. Reflection at a single surface
Chapter 8 GEOMETRICAL OPTICS Introduction Reflection and refraction at boundaries. Reflection at a single surface Refraction at a single boundary Dispersion Summary INTRODUCTION It has been shown that
More informationPhysics 11. Unit 8 Geometric Optics Part 1
Physics 11 Unit 8 Geometric Optics Part 1 1.Review of waves In the previous section, we have investigated the nature and behaviors of waves in general. We know that all waves possess the following characteristics:
More informationWinmeen Tnpsc Group 1 & 2 Self Preparation Course Physics UNIT 9. Ray Optics. surface at the point of incidence, all lie in the same plane.
Laws of reflection Physics UNIT 9 Ray Optics The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal drawn to the reflecting surface at the point of incidence, all lie in the same plane. The angle of incidence
More information2/26/2016. Chapter 23 Ray Optics. Chapter 23 Preview. Chapter 23 Preview
Chapter 23 Ray Optics Chapter Goal: To understand and apply the ray model of light. Slide 23-2 Chapter 23 Preview Slide 23-3 Chapter 23 Preview Slide 23-4 1 Chapter 23 Preview Slide 23-5 Chapter 23 Preview
More informationGeneral Physics II. Mirrors & Lenses
General Physics II Mirrors & Lenses Nothing New! For the next several lectures we will be studying geometrical optics. You already know the fundamentals of what is going on!!! Reflection: θ 1 = θ r incident
More informationLight and Mirrors MIRRORS
Light and Mirrors MIRRORS 1 Polarized Sunglasses- How do they work? light waves vibrate in more than one plane light waves can be made to vibrate in a single plane by use of polarizing filters. 2 polarizing
More informationInaugural University of Michigan Science Olympiad Invitational Tournament. Optics
Inaugural University of Michigan Science Olympiad Invitational Tournament Test length: 50 Minutes Optics Team number: Team name: Student names: Instructions: Do not open this test until told to do so.
More informationS2 Science EM Spectrum Revision Notes --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- What is light? Light is a form of
More informationUnit 9 Light & Optics
Unit 9 Light & Optics 1 A quick review of the properties of light. Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation Light travels as transverse waves having wavelength and frequency. fλ=c The velocity of EMR
More informationGeneral Physics (PHY 2130)
General Physics (PHY 2130) Lecture XIII Refraction of light Snell s law Dispersion and rainbow Mirrors and lens Plane mirrors Concave and convex mirrors Thin lenses http://www.physics.wayne.edu/~apetrov/phy2130/
More informationUnit 3: Optics Chapter 4
Unit 3: Optics Chapter 4 History of Light https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1yiapztlos History of Light Early philosophers (Pythagoras) believed light was made up of tiny particles Later scientist found
More informationTextbook Reference: Glencoe Physics: Chapters 16-18
Honors Physics-121B Geometric Optics Introduction: A great deal of evidence suggests that light travels in straight lines. A source of light like the sun casts distinct shadows. We can hear sound from
More informationLight and Lenses Notes
Light and Lenses Notes Refraction The change in speed and direction of a wave Due to change in medium Must cross boundary at an angle other than 90 o, otherwise no change in direction I R (unlike reflection)
More informationOptics. a- Before the beginning of the nineteenth century, light was considered to be a stream of particles.
Optics 1- Light Nature: a- Before the beginning of the nineteenth century, light was considered to be a stream of particles. The particles were either emitted by the object being viewed or emanated from
More informationUNIT C: LIGHT AND OPTICAL SYSTEMS
1 UNIT C: LIGHT AND OPTICAL SYSTEMS Science 8 2 LIGHT BEHAVES IN PREDICTABLE WAYS. Section 2.0 1 3 LIGHT TRAVELS IN RAYS AND INTERACTS WITH MATERIALS Topic 2.1 RAY DIAGRAMS Scientists use ray diagrams
More informationChapter 33 Continued Properties of Light. Law of Reflection Law of Refraction or Snell s Law Chromatic Dispersion Brewsters Angle
Chapter 33 Continued Properties of Light Law of Reflection Law of Refraction or Snell s Law Chromatic Dispersion Brewsters Angle Dispersion: Different wavelengths have different velocities and therefore
More informationRefraction and Lenses. Honors Physics
Refraction and Lenses Honors Physics Refraction Refraction is based on the idea that LIGHT is passing through one MEDIUM into another. The question is, WHAT HAPPENS? Suppose you are running on the beach
More informationRefraction of Light. This bending of the ray is called refraction
Refraction & Lenses Refraction of Light When a ray of light traveling through a transparent medium encounters a boundary leading into another transparent medium, part of the ray is reflected and part of
More informationPHYSICS. Chapter 34 Lecture FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS A STRATEGIC APPROACH 4/E RANDALL D. KNIGHT
PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS A STRATEGIC APPROACH 4/E Chapter 34 Lecture RANDALL D. KNIGHT Chapter 34 Ray Optics IN THIS CHAPTER, you will learn about and apply the ray model of light Slide 34-2
More informationWhen light strikes an object there are different ways it can be affected. Light can be
When light strikes an object there are different ways it can be affected. Light can be transmitted, reflected, refracted, and absorbed, It depends on the type of matter that it strikes. For example light
More informationReflection and Mirrors
Reflection and Mirrors 1 The Law of Reflection The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. 2 The Law of Reflection When light strikes a surface it is reflected. The light ray striking the surface
More informationScience 8 Chapter 5 Section 1
Science 8 Chapter 5 Section 1 The Ray Model of Light (pp. 172-187) Models of Light wave model of light: a model in which light is a type of wave that travels through space and transfers energy from one
More informationnormal angle of incidence increases special angle no light is reflected
Reflection from transparent materials (Chapt. 33 last part) When unpolarized light strikes a transparent surface like glass there is both transmission and reflection, obeying Snell s law and the law of
More informationPhysics 11 Chapter 18: Ray Optics
Physics 11 Chapter 18: Ray Optics "... Everything can be taken from a man but one thing; the last of the human freedoms to choose one s attitude in any given set of circumstances, to choose one s own way.
More informationReflections. I feel pretty, oh so pretty
Reflections I feel pretty, oh so pretty Objectives By the end of the lesson, you should be able to: Draw an accurate reflective angle Determine the focal length of a spherical mirror Light Review Light
More informationEM Spectrum, Reflection & Refraction Test
EM Spectrum, Reflection & Refraction Test Name: 1. For each of the diagrams below, an object is shown in position before a concave mirror. The shiny side is on the left, facing the object. For each case,
More informationLecture 7 Notes: 07 / 11. Reflection and refraction
Lecture 7 Notes: 07 / 11 Reflection and refraction When an electromagnetic wave, such as light, encounters the surface of a medium, some of it is reflected off the surface, while some crosses the boundary
More informationCh. 26: Geometrical Optics
Sec. 6-1: The Reflection of Light Wave Fronts and Rays Ch. 6: Geometrical Optics Wave front: a surface on which E is a maximum. Figure 5-3: Plane Wave *For this wave, the wave fronts are a series of planes.
More informationUnit 3: Optics Chapter 4
Unit 3: Optics Chapter 4 History of Light https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1yiapztlos History of Light Early philosophers (Pythagoras) believed light was made up of tiny particles Later scientist found
More informationChapter 34. Images. In this chapter we define and classify images, and then classify several basic ways in which they can be produced.
Chapter 34 Images One of the most important uses of the basic laws governing light is the production of images. Images are critical to a variety of fields and industries ranging from entertainment, security,
More information3. For an incoming ray of light vacuum wavelength 589 nm, fill in the unknown values in the following table.
Homework Set 15A: Mirrors and Lenses 1. Find the angle of refraction for a ray of light that enters a bucket of water from air at an angle of 25 degrees to the normal. 2. A ray of light of vacuum wavelength
More informationOptics INTRODUCTION DISCUSSION OF PRINCIPLES. Reflection by a Plane Mirror
Optics INTRODUCTION Geometric optics is one of the oldest branches of physics, dealing with the laws of reflection and refraction. Reflection takes place on the surface of an object, and refraction occurs
More informationThe branch of physics which studies light
Mr.V The branch of physics which studies light Geometric model XVI century by W Snell Wave Model XIX century by JC Maxwell Photon Model XX century by Planck, Einstein Models of Light Basic Concept Laws
More informationRay Optics. Physics 11. Sources of Light Rays: Self-Luminous Objects. The Ray Model of Light
Physics 11 Ray Optics Ray Model of Light Reflection Plane Mirrors Spherical Mirrors Ray Tracing Images from a Concave Mirror Images from a Convex Mirror Slide 18-3 The Ray Model of Light Sources of Light
More informationPHY 112: Light, Color and Vision. Lecture 11. Prof. Clark McGrew Physics D 134. Review for Exam. Lecture 11 PHY 112 Lecture 1
PHY 112: Light, Color and Vision Lecture 11 Prof. Clark McGrew Physics D 134 Review for Exam Lecture 11 PHY 112 Lecture 1 From Last Time Lenses Ray tracing a Convex Lens Announcements The midterm is Thursday
More information1. What is the law of reflection?
Name: Skill Sheet 7.A The Law of Reflection The law of reflection works perfectly with light and the smooth surface of a mirror. However, you can apply this law to other situations. For example, how would
More informationRefraction Section 1. Preview. Section 1 Refraction. Section 2 Thin Lenses. Section 3 Optical Phenomena. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Refraction Section 1 Preview Section 1 Refraction Section 2 Thin Lenses Section 3 Optical Phenomena Refraction Section 1 TEKS The student is expected to: 7D investigate behaviors of waves, including reflection,
More informationWhat is light? This question sparked a huge debate in physics.
Optics Sol PH. 11 What is light? This question sparked a huge debate in physics. Light is a Stream of Particles. Newton called corpuscles Colors travel at different speeds. Einstein called quanti Light
More informationLight and Electromagnetic Waves. Honors Physics
Light and Electromagnetic Waves Honors Physics Electromagnetic Waves EM waves are a result of accelerated charges and disturbances in electric and magnetic fields (Radio wave example here) As electrons
More informationChapter 23. Geometrical Optics: Mirrors and Lenses and other Instruments
Chapter 23 Geometrical Optics: Mirrors and Lenses and other Instruments HITT1 A small underwater pool light is 1 m below the surface of a swimming pool. What is the radius of the circle of light on the
More informationLight. Form of Electromagnetic Energy Only part of Electromagnetic Spectrum that we can really see
Light Form of Electromagnetic Energy Only part of Electromagnetic Spectrum that we can really see Facts About Light The speed of light, c, is constant in a vacuum. Light can be: REFLECTED ABSORBED REFRACTED
More informationChapter 36. Image Formation
Chapter 36 Image Formation Apr 22, 2012 Light from distant things We learn about a distant thing from the light it generates or redirects. The lenses in our eyes create images of objects our brains can
More informationMultiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Practice Test Light Equations Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which colour of light has the shortest wavelength? a. red c. green b. blue
More informationThe Law of Reflection
If the surface off which the light is reflected is smooth, then the light undergoes specular reflection (parallel rays will all be reflected in the same directions). If, on the other hand, the surface
More informationReview Session 1. Dr. Flera Rizatdinova
Review Session 1 Dr. Flera Rizatdinova Summary of Chapter 23 Index of refraction: Angle of reflection equals angle of incidence Plane mirror: image is virtual, upright, and the same size as the object
More informationM = h' h = #i. n = c v
Name: Physics Chapter 14 Study Guide ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Useful Information: c = 3 "10 8 m s 1 i + 1 o = 1 f M = h' h =
More informationSESSION 5: INVESTIGATING LIGHT. Key Concepts. X-planation. Physical Sciences Grade In this session we:
SESSION 5: INVESTIGATING LIGHT Key Concepts In this session we: Explain what light is, where light comes from and why it is important Identify what happens when light strikes the surface of different objects
More informationExam Review: Geometric Optics 1. Know the meaning of the following terms and be able to apply or recognize them:
Exam Review: Geometric Optics 1. Know the meaning of the following terms and be able to apply or recognize them: physics transparent convex mirror real image optics translucent refraction virtual image
More informationLecture Outlines Chapter 26
Lecture Outlines Chapter 26 11/18/2013 2 Chapter 26 Geometrical Optics Objectives: After completing this module, you should be able to: Explain and discuss with diagrams, reflection and refraction of light
More informationPart Images Formed by Flat Mirrors. This Chapter. Phys. 281B Geometric Optics. Chapter 2 : Image Formation. Chapter 2: Image Formation
Phys. 281B Geometric Optics This Chapter 3 Physics Department Yarmouk University 21163 Irbid Jordan 1- Images Formed by Flat Mirrors 2- Images Formed by Spherical Mirrors 3- Images Formed by Refraction
More informationnormal: a line drawn perpendicular (90 ) from the point of incidence of the reflecting surface
Ch 11 Reflecting Light off a Plane Mirror p. 313 Types of Mirrors (3) 1) Plane: flat fg 1 p. 313 law of reflection: the angle of incidence = the angle of reflection incident ray (in): the ray (light beam)
More informationOutline The Refraction of Light Forming Images with a Plane Mirror 26-3 Spherical Mirror 26-4 Ray Tracing and the Mirror Equation
Chapter 6 Geometrical Optics Outline 6-1 The Reflection of Light 6- Forming Images with a Plane Mirror 6-3 Spherical Mirror 6-4 Ray Tracing and the Mirror Equation 6-5 The Refraction of Light 6-6 Ray Tracing
More informationPhysics 102: Lecture 17 Reflection and Refraction of Light
Physics 102: Lecture 17 Reflection and Refraction of Light Physics 102: Lecture 17, Slide 1 Today Last Time Recall from last time. Reflection: q i = q r Flat Mirror: image equidistant behind Spherical
More informationPhysics 1202: Lecture 17 Today s Agenda
Physics 1202: Lecture 17 Today s Agenda Announcements: Team problems today Team 10, 11 & 12: this Thursday Homework #8: due Friday Midterm 2: Tuesday April 10 Office hours if needed (M-2:30-3:30 or TH
More informationHomework Set 3 Due Thursday, 07/14
Homework Set 3 Due Thursday, 07/14 Problem 1 A room contains two parallel wall mirrors, on opposite walls 5 meters apart. The mirrors are 8 meters long. Suppose that one person stands in a doorway, in
More informationPY106 Class31. Index of refraction. Refraction. Index of refraction. Sample values of n. Rays and wavefronts. index of refraction: n v.
Refraction Index of refraction When an EM wave travels in a vacuum, its speed is: c = 3.00 x 10 8 m/s. In any other medium, light generally travels at a slower speed. The speed of light v in a material
More informationWavefronts and Rays. When light or other electromagnetic waves interact with systems much larger than the wavelength, it s a good approximation to
Chapter 33: Optics Wavefronts and Rays When light or other electromagnetic waves interact with systems much larger than the wavelength, it s a good approximation to Neglect the wave nature of light. Consider
More information