4. A bulb has a luminous flux of 2400 lm. What is the luminous intensity of the bulb?
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1 1. Match the physical quantities (first column) with the units (second column). 4. A bulb has a luminous flux of 2400 lm. What is the luminous intensity of the bulb? (π=3.) Luminous flux A. candela Radiant flux B. lux Illuminance C. watt Luminous intensity D. lumen 2. Match the definitions (first column) with the physical terms (second column). 5. The light intensity of a bulb is 8 cd. It is placed at the center of an opaque spherical shell of radius 2 m. You open a hole on the spherical shell so that 1 lm of light goes out off the sphere. What is the area of the hole? The total energy emitted by a light source per unit time. A. Illuminance Visible light energy emitted by a source per unit time. B. Luminous flux 6. What happens to the illuminance at a book as the lamp is moved farther away from the book? A measure of visible power per solid angle. C. Luminous intensity Luminous flux per unit area. D. Radiant flux 3. A point source has a luminous intensity 4 cd. What is the total luminous flux emitted by this source? (π=3.) 7. What happens to the luminous intensity of the lamp as it is moved farther away from the book? 10 th Grade Physics Workbook 1
2 8. Does one bulb provide more illuminance than two identical bulbs at twice the distance? Explain. 11. Two identical point light sources are placed at the centres of spheres, X and Y, having radii of 2r and r respectively as shown in the figure. Both spheres have a hole of area A on their surfaces. The luminous fluxes through the holes are Φ X and Φ Y respectively. What is the ratio of Φ X to Φ Y? 9. The bulb of a torch has a luminous intensity of 200 cd. The torch forms a bright spot of diameter 2 m at a 5 m distant wall. What is the illuminance on the wall approximately? 12. Two candles are put in contact and placed at the center of a cubic room. What is the luminous flux emitted by the candles through one wall of the room? 10. A beam of light forms a bright spot of a diameter 2 m at a 5 m distant wall. If the luminous flux of the beam is 1500 lm, then what is the illuminance on the wall approximately? (π=3.) 13. Read the following statements and decide whether they are correct or not. If the statement is correct print C if not print W. You have to correct the wrong statements. Luminous flux depends on the luminous intensity of the source. Luminous flux decreases as the distance from the light source increases. Illuminance at a surface can have a unit of Cd/m th Grade Physics Workbook 2
3 1. An opaque object and a light source are placed as shown in the figure. 4. A screen, two point light sources X and Y and an opaque object are placed as shown in the figure. Draw the appearance of the light source as seen by the observer. How do the area of the umbra (U), penumbra (P) and the whole shadow area (W) change when we perform the following actions? a) Move the object toward the screen. 2. A screen, a point light source and two opaque objects A and B are placed as shown in the figure. The shadows of the objects on the screen have the same size. U : P : W : b) Move the source Y toward the object. U : P : W : c) Move the source X toward the source Y. U : P : W : Compare the radii of the objects. 5. The radius of opaque sphere A is 3 cm and that of B is 1 cm. X and Y are point light sources. 3. A screen, two point light sources X and Y and an opaque object are placed as shown in the figure. Calculate the area of the umbra and the penumbra observed on the screen. Draw the appearance of the shadow formed on the screen. 10 th Grade Physics Workbook 3
4 6. An opaque object and a light source are placed as shown in the figure. 8. A screen, two point light sources X and Y and an opaque object are placed as shown in the figure. Draw the appearance of the light source as seen by the observer. Draw the appearance of the shadow formed on the screen. 7. A screen, a point light source and two opaque objects A and B are placed as shown in the figure. The radii of the objects A and B are 3r and r respectively. 9. Two identical opaque objects A and B, a screen and two point sources X and Y are placed as shown in the figure. What is the ratio of the area of the shadow of object A to that of B? How do the areas of the umbra (U) and penumbra (P) change when we perform the following actions? a) Move the object A toward the screen. U : P : b) Move the source X toward the object B. U : P : c) Remove the object B. U : P : d) Move the source Y toward the object B. U : P : 10 th Grade Physics Workbook 4
5 1. Two plane mirrors, labeled LM for the left mirror and RM for the right mirror in the accompanying figure, are parallel to each other and 3 m apart. A person standing 1m from the right mirror (RM) looks into this mirror and sees a series of images. 3. In the figure, X is an opaque object and O is the observer. How far from the person is the second closest image seen in the right mirror (RM)? Which points images could be seen by the observer by looking at the plane mirror? 4. An observer could see the BF part of the wall AI when he looks at the plane mirror X. 2. A plane mirror and an object are placed as shown in the figure. If he looks at the plane mirror Y from the same position, which part of the wall could he see? 5. The figure shows a point object O and two plane mirrors. Draw the appearance of the image of the object? If the first reflection is at mirror X, at which points is the image formed by the mirror Y? 10 th Grade Physics Workbook 5
6 6. Two plane mirrors are placed as shown in the figure. 9. A plane mirror is placed behind a screen. When a light ray I is incident on the mirror, it is reflected as X. When the mirror is rotated by angle θ, the reflected ray becomes as ray Y. How many images of the point object X could be formed in the system of the plane mirrors given in the figure? What is the rotation angle of the mirror (θ)? 7. Observer X sees an image of an object at point K when he looks through the plane mirror M When a light ray is incident on a plane mirror X, it is reflected back on itself. Then the plane mirror X is rotated by 50 around an axis passing through point O. What will be the angle of reflection of the same light ray from plane mirror Y? At which point the object is placed? 11. An object and a plane mirror are placed as shown in the figure. A, B and C are observers. 8. The incident ray makes an angle of x with the plane mirror. The mirror is rotated around point O by an angle of y. After rotation, the reflected ray coincides with the incident ray. What is the relationship between x and y? Which observer can see the image of the object completely in the mirror? 10 th Grade Physics Workbook 6
7 1. The system of a plane mirror and concave mirror is given in the figure. 3. A concave mirror of focal length 2f and a convex mirror of focal length f are placed as shown in the figure. A light ray I, parallel to the principal axis, is incident on the convex mirror. It is reflected back on itself after reflection from the concave mirror for the first time. Which light rays A, B or C reflects back on itself continuously? What is the distance between the mirrors in terms of f? 4. A convex mirror is placed at the focal point of a concave mirror and a boy is standing between the mirrors as shown in the figure. Then the boy starts to move toward the convex mirror. 2. Focal length of the concave mirror is 15 cm. A light ray I traces the path in a system composed of a concave mirror and a plane mirror as shown in the figure. Fill the following blanks with appropriate words. a) The height of the image of the boy formed by convex mirror as he moves toward the convex mirror. b) The height of the image of the boy formed by concave mirror as he moves toward the convex mirror. What is the distance between the mirrors (d)? c) The distance of the image of the boy formed by concave mirror to the concave mirror as he moves toward the convex mirror. d) The distance of the image of the boy formed by convex mirror to the convex mirror as he moves toward the convex mirror. 10 th Grade Physics Workbook 7
8 5. When a light ray A is incident on a concave mirror, it traces the path as shown in the figure. ( x and 2x are the angles that the incident rays make with the principal axis.) 7. The path traced by a light ray in a system composed of two concave mirrors, X and Y, are given in the figure. Points on the principle axis are equally spaced. Trace the path followed by the light ray B after reflected from the concave mirror. Calculate the ratio of focal length of mirror X to that of mirror Y. 6. A convex mirror, a concave mirror and the path traced by a light ray I, parallel to the principal axis are given in the figure. 8. When a light ray I is incident on a concave mirror, it traces the path as shown in the figure. Calculate the focal lengths of the mirrors in terms of x. Trace the paths followed by the light rays II, III and IV after reflected from the concave mirror. 10 th Grade Physics Workbook 8
9 1. A beam of light refracts as it passes from air into a liquid. Some part of the incident beam is reflected at the interface. The angle between the refracted and reflected rays is 90. If the angle of incidence is 53, what is the index of refraction of the liquid? 3. The path traced by a monochromatic light ray through three different media is given in the figure. What is the relationship among the refractive indices of the media n 1, n 2 and n 3? 2. The reflection and refraction of a light ray through two transparent media, X and Y, are given as shown in the figure. "v 1 ", "v 2 " and "v 3 " are the average speeds of incident, reflected and refracted rays. 4. Two plane mirrors are placed in a container, full of water, are placed as shown in the figure. The critical angle from water to air is 48. What is the relation among v 1, v 2 and v 3? Which path is traced by the monochromatic light ray K? 10 th Grade Physics Workbook 9
10 5. A semi-sphere glass is placed as shown and the surrounding medium is air. (Point O is the centre of the semi-sphere.) 7. The path traced by a monochromatic light ray I is given as shown in the figure. Which paths are drawn correctly for the incident monochromatic rays K, L, M? Which of the following could be done separately for the light ray to make total internal reflection at the interface of media Y and Z? I. Decrease the thickness of medium Y (d). II. Increase the index of refraction of medium Y (n Y ). III. Increase the index of refraction of medium X (n X ). 6. The path followed by a monochromatic light ray K from a prism to a liquid is given in Figure Some water is poured in a cylindrical container. The height of the container is h. What must be the height of the water in the container in terms of h to obtain the container as it is half-filled when looking at the container closer to the normal? (Surrounding medium is air. n water = 4/3 and n air = 1.) If the liquid were removed from the container, which path would be correct for the light ray K from the prism to air? 10 th Grade Physics Workbook 10
11 1. The cover of a book is composed of two colours. When the book is illuminated by blue light, its cover is observed as blue and black. When it is illuminated by red light the cover is observed as completely red. What are the colours on the cover of the book? 4. Use the following colour codes to answer the questions a through e. B Black M Magenta N Blue R Red C Cyan W White G Green Y Yellow a) Red + green =. b) White magenta =. 2. The colour of an object is white when observed in sunlight. When the same object is observed by coloured glasses in sunlight it is apperaed as red. What would be the observed colour of the object viewed by the same glasses in blue light? c) White - yellow =. d) A yellow ball illuminated by red light would appear. e) A green apple illuminated by yellow light would appear. 3. Both objects "A" and "B" appear red when illuminated by red light. When illuminated by green light, "A" appears green while "B" appears black. (Think about all the possibilities) a) The colour of "A" would appear in white light. 5. Read the following statements, print C for the correct ones otherwise print W for wrongs. A coloured and transparent object transmits only the light rays of its own colour. b) The colour of "B" would appear in white light. An opaque object reflects only the light rays of its own colour. c) The colour of "A" would appear in yellow light. d) The colour of "B" would appear in blue light. If a transparent object transmits all the colours of white light, it is observed as colourless. 10 th Grade Physics Workbook 11
12 6. Fill in the table below by listing the colour of light, which would be reflected off of a mixture of the following pigments if white light were striking the paints. 8. Object K is observed as red, object L as blue and object M as white in sunlight. What would be their observed colours when they are illuminated by blue light? Paint One Paint Two Colour observed a. Cyan Magenta b. Magenta Yellow c. Cyan Yellow d. Cyan, Magenta Yellow 9. A cardboard is observed as magenta when looking in sunlight. What would be the observed colour of the cardboard when it is illuminated by blue light? 7. Different coloured light sources shine on different coloured sheets of paper. The indicated paper colour represents the appearance of the paper when viewed in white light. Fill in the table below to show the colour of light, which reflects from the paper (i.e., the colour observed). 10. Red and blue light sources and an opaque sphere are placed as shown in the figure. red source screen Colour of Light Colour of Paper Colour observed blue source opaque sphere a. Red Yellow b. Red Magenta c. Blue Blue d. Blue Cyan e. Blue Red f. Yellow Red g. Yellow Blue What are the colours of the numbered regions on the screen when the setup is established in a dark room? 1 : 2 : 3 : screen 4 : 10 th Grade Physics Workbook 12
13 1. A monochromatic beam of light traces the path shown in the figure. The refractive indices of the surrounding medium and the prisms are n 1, n 2 and n A monochromatic light ray K traces the path through a transparent prism when it is incident as in Figure-1. What is the relationship between n 1, n 2 and n 3? a) Trace the path followed by ray K through the same prism when it is incident as in Figure Three transparent prisms are placed as shown in the figure. The refractive indices of the prisms are n 1, n 2 and n 3. Two monochromatic light rays K and L having the same colors trace the paths shown in the figure. Fill the blanks by using =, < or >. a) if a=b then n 1 n 3. b) if a>b then n 1 n 3. b) If the surrounding medium is air (n air =1), calculate the index of refraction of prism. c) if a<b then n 1 n th Grade Physics Workbook 13
14 4. The path traced by monochromatic light ray K through a glass prism is given in the figure. (Answer must be stated by using the angles (x,y or z) given in the figure.) 6. Identical prisms K, L, M are placed in media having indices of refraction n 1, n 2, n 3 and monochromatic light rays trace the paths given in the figures. What is the relation between n 1, n 2, n 3? What is the critical angle for glass-air? 5. The path traced by orange light through a transparent prism is given in the figure. 7. Monochromatic light ray K is incident on a prism and traces the path as shown in the figure. Trace the possible paths followed by red and blue lights through the prism when they are incident as orange light. What is the index of refraction of the prism when the surrounding is air (n air =1)? 10 th Grade Physics Workbook 14
15 1. A monochromatic light ray I traces the path as shown in the figure. The focal lengths of converging lens and diverging lens are f 1 and f 2 respectively. (PA represents the principle axis and the points on the principle axis are equally spaced.) 4. Monochromatic incident rays I and II intersect at point K after refracted from the converging lens as shown. What is the ratio of f 1 to f 2? At which point would incident rays III and IV intersect after refracted from the lens? 2. Plane mirror is placed at the midpoint between F and 2F. A monochromatic light ray I is incident on converging lens as shown in the figure. 5. Blue and red light rays parallel to the principle axis (PA) are incident on diverging and converging lenses as shown in the figures. Trace the path followed by the ray I. (PA represents the principle.) Trace the possible paths followed by red and blue lights after refracted from the lenses. 3. A concave mirror, a diverging lens and a converging lens having equal focal lengths of f are placed as in figure. A monochromatic light ray I is incident on the converging lens. (PA represents the principle axis and the points on the principle axis are equally spaced and equal to f.) 6. A person has glasses with a lens, which have a power of -2,0 dioptres. a) What kind of lens is this? b) What is the focal length of this lens in cm? c) What kind of vision defect does the person have? Trace the path followed by the ray I. 10 th Grade Physics Workbook 15
16 7. A plane mirror, a diverging lens and a converging lens having equal focal lengths of f are placed as in figure. A monochromatic light ray I is incident on the diverging lens. Trace the path followed by the ray I. (PA represents the principle axis and the points on the principle axis are equally spaced and equal to f.) 10. You are given two lenses, a converging lens with focal length +10 cm and a diverging lens of focal length -20 cm. Which of the following would produce a real image that is larger than the object? A) Placing the object 5 cm from the converging lens. B) Placing the object 15 cm from the converging lens. C) Placing the object 25 cm from the converging lens. D) Placing the object 15 cm from the diverging lens. E) Placing the object 25 cm from the diverging lens A converging lens of focal length of 2f and a diverging lens of length of f are placed as in figure. A monochromatic light ray I is incident on the converging lens. Trace the path followed by the ray I. (PA represents the principle axis and the points on the principle axis are equally spaced and equal to f.) Two converging lenses (X and Z) and a diverging lens (Y) are placed as shown. A monochromatic light ray I traces the path given in the figure. Which of the following statements are absolutely correct for this diagram? I. O is the focal point of the lens X. II. O is the focal point of the lens Y. III. One of the focal points of the lens Z is between points K and L. A) Only I B) I and II C) I and III D) II and III E) I, II and III 9. An image is formed on a screen by a converging lens. If the top of the lens is then covered what will happen to the image? A) the image is dimmer but otherwise unchanged. B) the image becomes half as big. C) only the top half of the image is produced. D) only the bottom half of the image is produced. E) the image becomes half as big and is inverted from its original position. 12. A person has glasses with a lens, which have a power of +2,50 dioptres. a) What kind of lens is this? b) What is the focal length of this lens in cm? c) What kind of vision defect does the person have? 10 th Grade Physics Workbook 16
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