X-ray simulation and applications
|
|
- Alexis Walters
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Computerized Tomography for Industrial Applications and Image Processing in Radiology March 15-17, 1999, Berlin, Germany DGZfP Proceedings BB 67-CD Paper 17 X-ray simulation and applications P. Hugonnard, A. Glière LETI - CEA - Technologies Avancées CEA Grenoble 17, rue des Martyrs F Grenoble Cedex 9 France Abstract This paper describes Sindbad, a X-ray simulation tool which has been developed in our laboratory. Firstly, we briefly present the general characteristics of the program and explain in more details the model implemented in order to simulate the radiation flux scattered in the examined sample. In a second part, the paper discusses an application of X-ray simulation to the design of a dual-energy computed tomography facility. Introduction The Monte Carlo method is the most regularly used numerical technique addressing the problem of X-ray matter interaction simulation. Its basic idea is to follow the path of individual particles (photons and electrons) by randomly sampling the probability law describing the real particle behavior. In order to reduce the statistical noise to an acceptable level, and to accurately correlate with experimental results, the number of photon histories must usually be large, hence leading to a heavy computational load, still generally not acceptable in an applied research or industrial application context. For this kind of problems, especially in the field of nondestructive evaluation (NDE), the necessity to have practical simulation tools at disposal lead to the development of alternative solutions based on analytical models, ray tracing techniques, computer aided design (CAD) of the examined sample and graphical user interface (GUI). The Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM, Germany) has developed [1] a NDE simulation tool and coupled it to a CAD interface. Special attention has been placed on the realistic description of complicated shape defects. A scattered radiation model has been added in collaboration with the Institute of Applied Physics of Belarussian Academy of Science. The Center for Non-Destructive Evaluation (CNDE, USA) built along the years a complete and sophisticated simulation program family [2], featuring a X-ray source model, the CAD description of the inspected object (several CAD formats are accepted), a scattered flux model and a number of radiation detector models such as X-ray film and image intensifier. The Laboratoire d Electronique et de Techniques d Instrumentation (CEA-LETI, France) is involved in the development of high performance radiographic or DGZfP Proceedings BB 67-CD 103 Paper 17
2 tomographic facilities, radiation detectors design and radiation image processing techniques. In this context, the availability of a radiographic devices simulation tool is essential. The necessity to fully understand the implemented models, as well as the permanent evolution of our needs, lead, a few years ago, to the decision to develop our own simulation software package, which we call Sindbad [3]. This paper is organized as follows. We begin by a short description of the models used in Sindbad, emphasizing our recent work on scattered radiation modeling. Then we discuss an interesting application of the program to the design of a dual-energy computed tomography (CT) facility. Models The physics of the radiographic inspection process can be divided into three separate parts, namely the X-ray beam generation in the source, the beam interaction with the examined sample, and the imaging process (detection of the remaining photon flux and transformation into a measured signal). The implemented X-ray tube model, which can be used between 30 and 450 kv, semi-empirically simulates the physical phenomena involved in bremsstrahlung and characteristic photon production. It takes into account the anode angle and composition, the inherent and additional filtration and the photons exit angle. Experiments performed at LETI show an agreement better than 20% between calculated and measured doses. The uncollided flux simulation relies on the computation of the attenuation of the incident flux, binned in narrow energy channels, by the examined sample. This is performed by tracing rays from the source point to every pixel of the detector through the sample model, built with BRL-CAD [4], and by calculating the energy dependent attenuation due to the crossed materials. Detectors are modeled in two successive steps. The first one, common to all types of detectors computes the energy deposition in the sensing part of the detector using the energy absorption attenuation coefficients. The second one, specific to each type of detector, simulates the successive physical phenomena involved in the energy to signal transformation. For instance, in the case of a scintillating screen viewed by a CCD camera, it accounts for energy to light photons transformation, light photon absorption in the screen and optical coupling system, and photon to electron conversion in the CCD device. Details on the characteristics of our program have been previously reported [3]. We focus hereafter our attention on a recent improvement, namely the simulation of the radiation scattered in the examined sample. Other new features, such as a X-ray film detector model, a geometric collimator model, a modulation transfer function based blurring model and a pixelated gamma camera simulator are currently under development. Scattered flux model The scattered flux, which can cause significant degradation to the radiographic image, and hence is an important modeling issue, is usually estimated using build-up factors or more accurately computed by the means of Monte Carlo techniques. An alternative method has been used by Gray and coworkers [5] who modeled the incoherent (Compton) scattered flux by the means of a deterministic numerical procedure. DGZfP Proceedings BB 67-CD 104 Paper 17
3 Limiting ourselves to the computation of the singly scattered flux (i.e. the scattered photons which have experienced only one scattering), but extending the model to the simulation of coherent (Rayleigh) scattering and annihilation photons created after pair production events, we have followed a similar approach. Firstly, the examined sample is divided into a mesh of cubic volume elements (voxels). Material properties are assumed to be constant in each voxel. Then, the photon flux leaving the X-ray source, attenuated along its path to each voxel, is computed. The voxel center becomes in turn a scattered photon source, whose magnitude and directional intensity depends on the scattering interaction crosssection. Eventually, the possibly energy shifted, scattered photons are attenuated on their way to the detector pixels, where they deposit their energy. This process is repeated in nested loops on source energy channels, mesh voxels and detector pixels. The scattered flux incident to one detector pixel is given by : Φ s = µ ( E). dlb E dl d E µ ( ). a σθ (, ) b a 3 Φ0( E). e.. e dω. d V. de dω Energy Volume In the previous formula, the b and a indexes stand for before and after scattering, Φ 0 is the source photon flux, E and E are the photon energies before and after scattering, µ is the total attenuation coefficient, dσ/dω is the considered scattering phenomena differential cross-section, Ω and θ are the solid angle and scattering angle to the pixel. Each scattering phenomena involves a different processing strategy : The coherent scattering differential cross-section is computed with the Thomson formula. After a coherent scattering event, the photon energy remains unchanged. The incoherent scattering differential cross-section is computed with the Klein and Nishina formula. The scattered photon energy shift is computed with the Compton formula. The pair-production cross-sections is calculated from the pair-production attenuation coefficient. After a pair-production event, the outgoing positron is supposed to be locally annihilated and a couple of back to back 511 kev photons are emitted isotropically. Results of the model have been compared with Monte Carlo computations on the following validation case. An aluminum cylinder is placed between a monochromatic 122 kev photon source and a planar detector. The height of the cylinder is kept constant (30 mm) and its radius is varied. The test case geometry, as well as scattering profiles drawn from the detector s center, obtained with the EGS4 Monte Carlo program [6] and our model are presented on Figure 1. They show a good qualitative agreement. The remaining difference can probably be explained by multiple scattering events which are not accounted for in our model. DGZfP Proceedings BB 67-CD 105 Paper 17
4 X-ray source Scattered energy (arb. units) Aluminum cylinder Detector 1 0 Radius (mm) Figure 1 : Simulation conditions (left) and results (right). Comparison of our scattering model (smooth curves) with EGS4 computations (staircase curves). The pairs of curves are obtained with cylinders of height 30 mm and respective radii 1 mm (black), 15 mm (red) and 100 mm (blue). Applications As in others fields of physics, the initial goal of X-ray matter interaction modeling was to understand and explain experimental results. However, the computational burden has long been too important and the programs use too specialized for simulation to leave the academic research laboratories. Over the last decades, computers became more powerful, program interfaces more user friendly and dedicated simulation techniques appeared, leading to the emergence of application in the fields of NDE and medical imaging. X-ray simulation tools are nowadays successfully used during the design stage of radiographic facilities, when they help choose the fundamental parameters, such as X-ray tube voltage and filtration, detector choice, bench geometry, and predict performances of the future device. They are also helpful during evaluation and test of advanced radiation image processing techniques, such as CT or tomosynthesis, when they provide simulated data before the device is actually built. The application we focus on in the next paragraph shows the major role undertaken by simulation during an advanced imaging system design. In a near future, simulation tools will address industrial production applications, either during the design cycle of mechanical parts (inspectability evaluation and probability of detection, definition of the inspection scenario), or during the part production (automated flaw detection using synthetic images). Use of simulation during a dual-energy CT bench design Extensive use of X-ray simulation has been made during the design of the MACAC dual-energy CT bench at CEA-LETI. Three examples are presented hereafter. This 4mx4mx3m device, dedicated to the estimation of the matrix attenuation in radioactive waste drums in the 59.5 kev to1.4 MeV energy range, has been built and tested at CEA-LETI. It will soon be transferred to its end users. Results have been reported in [7]. Gamma spectroscopy measurements of activity in radioactive waste drums must be corrected for the attenuation due to the waste matrix, which depends on its density and effective atomic number. These parameters can be determined by the means of DGZfP Proceedings BB 67-CD 106 Paper 17
5 dual-energy CT. The principle is to successively record a low energy and a high energy projection sets, using two different tube voltages and filtration. After a calibration process, which allows to correct for beam polychromaticity, tomographic image reconstruction are performed, which produce an attenuation map at the required energy. Tube settings choice The low energy and the high energy measurements must be obtained with two non overlapping spectra, one which mean energy is located in the photoelectric domain of the examined materials and the other which mean energy is in the Compton domain. The photon flux must also remain compatible with the required signal to noise ratio and examination time. An application of the simulation has been to help to choose the correct X-ray tube voltages and filtration. The tube spectrum modeling, completed with materials attenuation simulations, led us to choose 80 kv with a 0.5 mm tungsten filtration for the low energy measurement and 350 kv with a 5 mm copper and 7 mm lead filtration for the high energy measurement (Figure 2). photon/sr/ma/s Figure 2 : Low (blue line) and high (red line) energy computed X-ray tube spectra (Mean energies : 62 kev and 290 kev). Influence of beam polychromaticity Dual-energy measurements rely on the assumption that, in the energy range of interest, the energy dependent attenuation coefficient µ(e), sum of a photoelectric and a Compton component, can be expressed as a function of the effective atomic number Z and the mass density r of the materials : µ ( E) = ρ. Z m. α( E) + ρ. β( E) In this formula, m is a constant and α(e) and β(e) are functions of the photon energy. The validity of this model has been checked for our experimental conditions using numerical regression performed over the attenuation database. The simulation code has then been used to quantify the effect of the beam polychromaticity, which has been shown to remain acceptable for the low atomic numbers (Z<20). kev DGZfP Proceedings BB 67-CD 107 Paper 17
6 Test of the tomographic image reconstruction The simulation has eventually been used to test the tomographic image reconstruction, adapted to the helical motion of the drum, before actually building the bench. The results, presented in Figure 3, have been obtained as follows. The test object is a cylindrical iron drum (450 mm diameter, 1 mm thickness) filled with cellulose, in which four cylinders (100 mm diameter) made of aluminum, silica, Plexiglas and polyvinyl have been inserted. The simulated detector is composed of 20 BGO scintillating crystals coupled with photo-multipliers, covering 35 on the arc of a circle. Thirty equally spaced projections have been computed with the two spectra. The low energy and high energy images have been obtained with a filtered backprojection reconstruction. The four inserted cylinders are clearly visible in both images when the drum wall can only be seen in the low energy image. Figure 3 :Reconstructed low energy (left) and high energy (right) images. The aluminum, silica, Plexiglas and polyvinyl cylinders are placed clockwise from the upper left of the images. Conclusion This paper presents the general principles used by Sindbad, a X-ray simulation tool based on analytical methods. It focuses on a recent improvement, namely the simulation of the radiation scattered in the examined sample. The program is routinely used in our laboratory to help design high performance X- ray devices. Among others applications, it has been used during the development the MACAC dual-energy CT facility, which is able to estimate the gamma ray attenuation in radioactive waste drums. Sindbad has continuously been improved since its first release. New features, such as a X-ray film detector model, a geometric collimator model, a modulation transfer function based blurring model and a pixelated gamma camera simulator are currently under development. Acknowledgements The authors thank A. Koenig and J. Nectoux for their help improving the program, C. Robert-Coutant and R. Sauze for their valuable assistance providing the dual-energy CT dataset, and P. Desproges "Dieu me tripote". DGZfP Proceedings BB 67-CD 108 Paper 17
7 References 1. C. Bellon, G.R. Tillack, C. Nockemann, L. Stenzel, "Computer simulation of X-ray NDE process coupled with CAD interface", Review of Progress in Non-destructive Evaluation, Vol. 16, T. Jensen, J.N. Gray, "RTSIM: a computer model of real time radiography", Review of Progress in Non-destructive Evaluation, Vol. 14, A. Glière, "Sindbad. From CAD model to synthetic radiographs", Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vol. 17A, P.C. Dykstra, M.J. Muus, " The BRL-CAD Package: An overview", USENIX, Proceedings of the Fourth Computer Graphics Workshop, Oct F. Inanc, J.N. Gray, "Scattering simulation in radiography", Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Vol. 48, W.R. Nelson, H. Hirayama and D.W.O. Rogers, "The EGS4 code system", Stanford Linear Accelerator report, SLAC-265, C. Robert-Coutant, V. Moulin, R. Sauze, P. Rizo, "Estimation of the matrix attenuation in heterogeneous radioactive waste drums using dual-energy computed tomography", Nuclear Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. Sect. A, Vol 422, pp , DGZfP Proceedings BB 67-CD 109 Paper 17
Abstract: Introduction:
RECENT IMPROVEMENTS FOR SCATTER SIMULATION IN SINDBAD, A COUPLED PHOTON MONTE CARLO AND CAD SOFTWARE J. Tabary 1, P. Hugonnard 1, F. Mathy 1, R. Guillemaud 1 ; 1 LETI - CEA Recherche Technologique, F-38054
More informationCombining Analytical and Monte Carlo Modelling for Industrial Radiology
19 th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing 2016 Combining Analytical and Monte Carlo Modelling for Industrial Radiology Carsten BELLON, Gerd-Rüdiger JAENISCH, Andreas DERESCH BAM Bundesanstalt für
More informationarxiv: v2 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] 5 Jan 2010
Gamma scattering scanning of concrete block for detection of voids. Shivaramu 1, Arijit Bose 2 and M. Margret 1 1 Radiological Safety Division, Safety Group, IGCAR, Kalpakaam - 63 12 (India) 2 Chennai
More informationMedical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
DXRaySMCS First User Friendly Interface Developed for Prediction of Diagnostic Radiology X-Ray Spectra Produced by Monte Carlo (MCNP-4C) Simulation in Iran M.T. Bahreyni Toosi a*, H. Moradi b, H. Zare
More informationSimulation of Radiographic Testing for POD Assessment
4th European-American Workshop on Reliability of NDE - Th.5.B.2 Simulation of Radiographic Testing for POD Assessment Gerd-Rüdiger JAENISCH, Carsten BELLON, Uwe EWERT, BAM, Berlin, Germany Abstract. Efficient
More informationCALCULATION AND MEASUREMENT OF EXPOSURE BUILDUP FACTORS FOR X-RAY RADIOGRAPHY
CALCULATION AND MEASUREMENT OF EXPOSURE BUILDUP FACTORS FOR X-RAY RADIOGRAPHY Taher 1. Aljundi and Joseph N. Gray Center for Nondestructive Evaluation Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 50011 INTRODUCTION
More informationCOMPUTER SIMULATION OF X-RA Y NDE PROCESS COUPLED
COMPUTER SIMULATION OF X-RA Y NDE PROCESS COUPLED WITH CAD INTERFACE Carsten Bellon, Gerd-Rüdiger Tillack, Christina Nockemann, and Lutz Stenze! Laboratory VIII.33 "Reliability ofnon-destructive Evaluation"
More informationLimitations in the PHOTON Monte Carlo gamma transport code
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 480 (2002) 729 733 Limitations in the PHOTON Monte Carlo gamma transport code I. Orion a, L. Wielopolski b, * a St. Luke s/roosevelt Hospital, Columbia
More informationArtifact Mitigation in High Energy CT via Monte Carlo Simulation
PIERS ONLINE, VOL. 7, NO. 8, 11 791 Artifact Mitigation in High Energy CT via Monte Carlo Simulation Xuemin Jin and Robert Y. Levine Spectral Sciences, Inc., USA Abstract The high energy (< 15 MeV) incident
More informationModelling I SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS ON COMPUTER MODELING OF RADIOGRAPHIC INSPECTIONS OF NUCLEAR COMPONENTS
Modelling I Inspection of Complex Geometries using Radiographic Simulation in CIVA A. Schumm, EDF R&D-SINETICS, France ; R. Fernandez, CEA/LIST, France ; J. Tabary, CEA/LETI, France ABSTRACT The application
More informationBasics of treatment planning II
Basics of treatment planning II Sastry Vedam PhD DABR Introduction to Medical Physics III: Therapy Spring 2015 Monte Carlo Methods 1 Monte Carlo! Most accurate at predicting dose distributions! Based on
More informationArion: a realistic projection simulator for optimizing laboratory and industrial micro-ct
Arion: a realistic projection simulator for optimizing laboratory and industrial micro-ct J. DHAENE* 1, E. PAUWELS 1, T. DE SCHRYVER 1, A. DE MUYNCK 1, M. DIERICK 1, L. VAN HOOREBEKE 1 1 UGCT Dept. Physics
More informationApplication of MCNP Code in Shielding Design for Radioactive Sources
Application of MCNP Code in Shielding Design for Radioactive Sources Ibrahim A. Alrammah Abstract This paper presents three tasks: Task 1 explores: the detected number of as a function of polythene moderator
More informationCIVA Computed Tomography Modeling
CIVA Computed Tomography Modeling R. FERNANDEZ, EXTENDE, France S. LEGOUPIL, M. COSTIN, D. TISSEUR, A. LEVEQUE, CEA-LIST, France page 1 Summary Context From CIVA RT to CIVA CT Reconstruction Methods Applications
More informationRadiographic Simulator artist: Version 2
18th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing, 16-20 April 2012, Durban, South Africa Radiographic Simulator artist: Version 2 Carsten Bellon 1, Andreas Deresch 1, Christian Gollwitzer 1, Gerd-Rüdiger
More informationA SOFTWARE SIMULATION TOOL DEDICATED TO THE DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF X-RAY BACKSCATTER SYSTEMS
A SOFTWARE SIMULATION TOOL DEDICATED TO THE DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF X-RAY BACKSCATTER SYSTEMS V.Rebuffel (1), J.Tabary (1), J.Rheinlaender (2) (1) CEA-LETI, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9,
More informationNON-COLLIMATED SCATTERED RADIATION TOMOGRAPHY
NON-COLLIMATED SCATTERED RADIATION TOMOGRAPHY Gorshkov V.A., Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia Yumashev V.M., State corporation "Rosatom", Centre "Atom-innovation", Moscow, Russia Kirilenko K.V.,
More informationHIGH-SPEED THEE-DIMENSIONAL TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGING OF FRAGMENTS AND PRECISE STATISTICS FROM AN AUTOMATED ANALYSIS
23 RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTICS TARRAGONA, SPAIN 16-20 APRIL 2007 HIGH-SPEED THEE-DIMENSIONAL TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGING OF FRAGMENTS AND PRECISE STATISTICS FROM AN AUTOMATED ANALYSIS P. Helberg 1,
More informationIntroduction to Biomedical Imaging
Alejandro Frangi, PhD Computational Imaging Lab Department of Information & Communication Technology Pompeu Fabra University www.cilab.upf.edu X-ray Projection Imaging Computed Tomography Digital X-ray
More informationCh. 4 Physical Principles of CT
Ch. 4 Physical Principles of CT CLRS 408: Intro to CT Department of Radiation Sciences Review: Why CT? Solution for radiography/tomography limitations Superimposition of structures Distinguishing between
More informationEvaluation of Spectrum Mismatching using Spectrum Binning Approach for Statistical Polychromatic Reconstruction in CT
Evaluation of Spectrum Mismatching using Spectrum Binning Approach for Statistical Polychromatic Reconstruction in CT Qiao Yang 1,4, Meng Wu 2, Andreas Maier 1,3,4, Joachim Hornegger 1,3,4, Rebecca Fahrig
More informationNew developments in industrial radiography at EDF
Computerized Tomography for Industrial Applications and Image Processing in Radiology March 15-17, 1999, Berlin, Germany DGZfP Proceedings BB 67-CD Paper 21 New developments in industrial radiography at
More informationMedical Imaging BMEN Spring 2016
Name Medical Imaging BMEN 420-501 Spring 2016 Homework #4 and Nuclear Medicine Notes All questions are from the introductory Powerpoint (based on Chapter 7) and text Medical Imaging Signals and Systems,
More informationAn Investigation into the Limitations of Tomographic Scanning for Quantitative Nondestructive Gamma-ray Measurements of High Density Radioactive Waste
An Investigation into the Limitations of Tomographic Scanning for Quantitative Nondestructive Gamma-ray Measurements of High Density Radioactive Waste S.C. Kane 1, S. Croft 1, P. McClay 1, W.F. Mueller
More informationRadiology. Marta Anguiano Millán. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad de Granada
Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad de Granada Overview Introduction Overview Introduction Tecniques of imaging in Overview Introduction Tecniques of imaging
More informationValidation of GEANT4 for Accurate Modeling of 111 In SPECT Acquisition
Validation of GEANT4 for Accurate Modeling of 111 In SPECT Acquisition Bernd Schweizer, Andreas Goedicke Philips Technology Research Laboratories, Aachen, Germany bernd.schweizer@philips.com Abstract.
More informationBeam Attenuation Grid Based Scatter Correction Algorithm for. Cone Beam Volume CT
11th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing (ECNDT 2014), October 6-10, 2014, Prague, Czech Republic Beam Attenuation Grid Based Scatter Correction Algorithm for More Info at Open Access Database
More informationCorso di laurea in Fisica A.A Fisica Medica 5 SPECT, PET
Corso di laurea in Fisica A.A. 2007-2008 Fisica Medica 5 SPECT, PET Step 1: Inject Patient with Radioactive Drug Drug is labeled with positron (β + ) emitting radionuclide. Drug localizes
More informationEnergy resolved X-ray diffraction Cl. J.Kosanetzky, G.Harding, U.Neitzel
Proc. Of SPIE Vol 0626, Application of Optical Instrumentation in Medicine XIV and Picture Archiving and Communication Systems(PACS IV) for Medical Applications IV, ed. S J Dwyer/R H Schneider (Jan 1986)
More informationDUAL energy X-ray radiography [1] can be used to separate
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE, VOL. 53, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 2006 133 A Scatter Correction Using Thickness Iteration in Dual-Energy Radiography S. K. Ahn, G. Cho, and H. Jeon Abstract In dual-energy
More informationPerformance Evaluation of 3-Axis Scanner Automated For Industrial Gamma- Ray Computed Tomography
National Seminar & Exhibition on Non-Destructive Evaluation, NDE 2014, Pune, December 4-6, 2014 (NDE-India 2014) Vol.20 No.6 (June 2015) - The e-journal of Nondestructive Testing - ISSN 1435-4934 www.ndt.net/?id=17822
More informationDevelopment of an automated bond verification system for advanced electronic packages
Development of an automated bond verification system for advanced electronic packages Michel Darboux, Jean-Marc Dinten LETI (CEA - Technologies AvancSes) - DSYS/SCSI CENG, 17 rue des Martyrs F38054 Grenoble
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF CONE BEAM TOMOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTION SOFTWARE MODULE
Rajesh et al. : Proceedings of the National Seminar & Exhibition on Non-Destructive Evaluation DEVELOPMENT OF CONE BEAM TOMOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTION SOFTWARE MODULE Rajesh V Acharya, Umesh Kumar, Gursharan
More informationNKS GammaUser
Uncertainties Marie-Christine Lépy Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France E-mail: marie-christine.lepy@cea.fr NKS GammaUser 2014 Helsinki 6-8 October 2014
More informationSimulation Based POD Estimation for Radiographic Testing of Turbine Blades
5 th European-American Workshop on Reliability of NDE Lecture 12 Simulation Based POD Estimation for Radiographic Testing of Turbine Blades Hans-Uwe BARON *, Benjamin HENKEL *, Carsten BELLON **, Andreas
More informationCode characteristics
The PENELOPE Computer code M.J. Anagnostakis Nuclear Engineering Department National Technical University of Athens The PENELOPE code system PENetration and Energy LOss of Positrons and Electrons in matter
More informationScatter Correction Methods in Dimensional CT
Scatter Correction Methods in Dimensional CT Matthias Baer 1,2, Michael Hammer 3, Michael Knaup 1, Ingomar Schmidt 3, Ralf Christoph 3, Marc Kachelrieß 2 1 Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University
More informationA PRACTICAL ALGORITHM FOR RECONSTRUCTION FROM X-RAY
A PRACTICAL ALGORITHM FOR RECONSTRUCTION FROM X-RAY BACKSCATTER DATA Young S. Ham and C.F. Poranski Materials Chemistry Branch Naval Research Laboratory Washington DC 20375 E.C. Greenawald Geo-Centers,
More informationSupercomputing the Cascade Processes of Radiation Transport
19 th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing 2016 Supercomputing the Cascade Processes of Radiation Transport Mikhail ZHUKOVSKIY 1, Mikhail MARKOV 1, Sergey PODOLYAKO 1, Roman USKOV 1, Carsten BELLON
More informationSHIELDING DEPTH DETERMINATION OF COBALT PHOTON SHOWER THROUGH LEAD, ALUMINUM AND AIR USING MONTE CARLO SIMULATION
Research Article SHIELDING DEPTH DETERMINATION OF COBALT PHOTON SHOWER THROUGH LEAD, ALUMINUM AND AIR USING MONTE CARLO SIMULATION 1 Ngadda, Y. H., 2 Ewa, I. O. B. and 3 Chagok, N. M. D. 1 Physics Department,
More informationReducing the influence of environmental scattering in industrial computed tomography by system optimisation and correction algorithms
11th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing (ECNDT 2014), October 6-10, 2014, Prague, Czech Republic More Info at Open Access Database www.ndt.net/?id=16395 Reducing the influence of environmental
More informationRT Modelling for NDT Recent and Future Developments in the CIVA RT/CT Module
19 th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing 2016 RT Modelling for NDT Recent and Future Developments in the CIVA RT/CT Module Roman FERNANDEZ 1, Laura CLEMENT 1, David TISSEUR 2, Ronan GUILLAMET
More information8/7/2017. Disclosures. MECT Systems Overview and Quantitative Opportunities. Overview. Computed Tomography (CT) CT Numbers. Polyenergetic Acquisition
Quantitative Multi-Energy Computed Tomography: Imaging and Therapy Advancements Disclosures MECT Systems Overview and Quantitative Opportunities The speaker receives research funding from GE Healthcare
More informationGamma spectroscopic measurements using the PID350 pixelated CdTe radiation detector
Gamma spectroscopic measurements using the PID350 pixelated CdTe radiation detector K. Karafasoulis, K. Zachariadou, S. Seferlis, I. Papadakis, D. Loukas, C. Lambropoulos, C. Potiriadis Abstract Spectroscopic
More informationThe Monte Carlo simulation of a Package formed by the combination of three scintillators: Brillance380, Brillance350, and Prelude420.
EURONS I3 506065 JRA9 RHIB Report made during stay IEM-CSIC Madrid december 2006 MINISTERIO DE ASUNTOS EXTERIORES Y DE COOPERACIÓN AECI VICESECRETARÍA GENERAL The Monte Carlo simulation of a Package formed
More informationMuon imaging for innovative tomography of large volume and heterogeneous cemented waste packages
Muon imaging for innovative tomography of large volume and heterogeneous cemented waste packages This project has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 under grant
More informationPhase-Contrast Imaging and Tomography at 60 kev using a Conventional X-ray Tube
Phase-Contrast Imaging and Tomography at 60 kev using a Conventional X-ray Tube T. Donath* a, F. Pfeiffer a,b, O. Bunk a, W. Groot a, M. Bednarzik a, C. Grünzweig a, E. Hempel c, S. Popescu c, M. Hoheisel
More informationIntroduction to Positron Emission Tomography
Planar and SPECT Cameras Summary Introduction to Positron Emission Tomography, Ph.D. Nuclear Medicine Basic Science Lectures srbowen@uw.edu System components: Collimator Detector Electronics Collimator
More informationX-Ray fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy
X-Ray fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy Advanced physics laboratory (nd part) 4CFU Catalini Letizia, De Angelis Giulia Vittoria, Piselli Verdiana Abstract In this paper we report about two different
More informationScatter in an uncollimated x-ray CT machine based on a Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation. Wadeson, Nicola and Morton, Edward and Lionheart, William
Scatter in an uncollimated x-ray CT machine based on a Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation Wadeson, Nicola and Morton, Edward and Lionheart, William 2010 MIMS EPrint: 2010.66 Manchester Institute for Mathematical
More informationENHANCED IMAGING OF CORROSION IN AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES WITH REVERSE GEOMETRY X-RAY
ENHANCED IMAGING OF CORROSION IN AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES WITH REVERSE GEOMETRY X-RAY William P. Winfree a,noreen A. Cmar-Mascis b, F. Raymond Parker a a NASA Langley Research Center, MS 231, Hampton VA 23681-2199
More informationOptimization of scanner parameters for dual energy micro-ct
Optimization of scanner parameters for dual energy micro-ct E. PAUWELS* 1, J. DHAENE 1, A. DE MUYNCK 1 E., M. DIERICK 1, L. VAN HOOREBEKE 1 1 UGCT Dept. Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat
More informationELECTRON DOSE KERNELS TO ACCOUNT FOR SECONDARY PARTICLE TRANSPORT IN DETERMINISTIC SIMULATIONS
Computational Medical Physics Working Group Workshop II, Sep 30 Oct 3, 2007 University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, Florida USA on CD-ROM, American Nuclear Society, LaGrange Park, IL (2007) ELECTRON DOSE
More informationISOCS Characterization of Sodium Iodide Detectors for Gamma-Ray Spectrometry
ISOCS Characterization of Sodium Iodide Detectors for Gamma-Ray Spectrometry Sasha A. Philips, Frazier Bronson, Ram Venkataraman, Brian M. Young Abstract--Activity measurements require knowledge of the
More informationDeliverable D10.2. WP10 JRA04 INDESYS Innovative solutions for nuclear physics detectors
MS116 Characterization of light production, propagation and collection for both organic and inorganic scintillators D10.2 R&D on new and existing scintillation materials: Report on the light production,
More informationEffects of the difference in tube voltage of the CT scanner on. dose calculation
Effects of the difference in tube voltage of the CT scanner on dose calculation Dong Joo Rhee, Sung-woo Kim, Dong Hyeok Jeong Medical and Radiological Physics Laboratory, Dongnam Institute of Radiological
More informationStochastic Simulations for the Detection of Objects in Three. Dimensional Volumes: Applications in Medical Imaging and Ocean Acoustics.
Stochastic Simulations for the Detection of Objects in Three Dimensional Volumes: Applications in Medical Imaging and Ocean Acoustics by Jamie Shorey Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke
More informationIntermediate energy x-ray backscatter characteristics from the interaction with macroscopically thick layered media
11th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing (ECNDT 2014), October 6-10, 2014, Prague, Czech Republic Intermediate energy x-ray backscatter characteristics from the interaction with macroscopically
More informationA dedicated tool for PET scanner simulations using FLUKA
A dedicated tool for PET scanner simulations using FLUKA P. G. Ortega FLUKA meeting June 2013 1 Need for in-vivo treatment monitoring Particles: The good thing is that they stop... Tumour Normal tissue/organ
More informationCIVA CT, an advanced simulation platform for NDT
More Info at Open Access Database www.ndt.net/?id=18774 CIVA CT, an advanced simulation platform for NDT Marius Costin 1, David Tisseur 1, Caroline Vienne 1, Ronan Guillamet 1, Hussein Banjak 1, Navnina
More informationEnhanced material contrast by dual-energy microct imaging
Enhanced material contrast by dual-energy microct imaging Method note Page 1 of 12 2 Method note: Dual-energy microct analysis 1. Introduction 1.1. The basis for dual energy imaging Micro-computed tomography
More informationMonte Carlo Reference Data Sets for Imaging Research
AAPM REPORT NO. 195 Monte Carlo Reference Data Sets for Imaging Research The Report of AAPM Task Group 195 September 2015 DISCLAIMER: This publication is based on sources and information believed to be
More informationNon-Destructive Failure Analysis and Measurement for Molded Devices and Complex Assemblies with X-ray CT and 3D Image Processing Techniques
SINCE2013 Singapore International NDT Conference & Exhibition 2013, 19-20 July 2013 Non-Destructive Failure Analysis and Measurement for Molded Devices and Complex Assemblies with X-ray CT and 3D Image
More informationMonte Carlo simulations. Lesson FYSKJM4710 Eirik Malinen
Monte Carlo simulations Lesson FYSKJM4710 Eirik Malinen MC simulations 1 Simulations of stochastic processes Interactions are stochastic: the path of a single ionizing particle may not be predicted Interactions
More informationDigital Image Processing
Digital Image Processing SPECIAL TOPICS CT IMAGES Hamid R. Rabiee Fall 2015 What is an image? 2 Are images only about visual concepts? We ve already seen that there are other kinds of image. In this lecture
More informationVISIPLAN 3D ALARA planning tool Version 3.0
VISIPLAN 3.0 User's Guide 1 VISIPLAN 3D ALARA planning tool Version 3.0 A 3D-ALARA planning tool for routine work and interventions in an environment with risk of external exposure. User's Guide NS/Fve/IDPBW/00-775
More informationImage Acquisition Systems
Image Acquisition Systems Goals and Terminology Conventional Radiography Axial Tomography Computer Axial Tomography (CAT) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) PET, SPECT Ultrasound Microscopy Imaging ITCS
More informationEmission Computed Tomography Notes
Noll (24) ECT Notes: Page 1 Emission Computed Tomography Notes Introduction Emission computed tomography (ECT) is the CT applied to nuclear medicine. There are two varieties of ECT: 1. SPECT single-photon
More informationDUE to beam polychromacity in CT and the energy dependence
1 Empirical Water Precorrection for Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Katia Sourbelle, Marc Kachelrieß, Member, IEEE, and Willi A. Kalender Abstract We propose an algorithm to correct for the cupping artifact
More informationMonte Carlo simulations
MC simulations Monte Carlo simulations Eirik Malinen Simulations of stochastic processes Interactions are stochastic: the path of a single ioniing particle may not be predicted Interactions are quantified
More informationIndustrial Radiography Simulation by MCNPX for Pipeline Corrosion Detection
More Info at Open Access Database www.ndt.net/?id=18672 Industrial Radiography Simulation by MCNPX for Pipeline Corrosion Detection Mostafa KHODABANDELOU 1, Amir MOVAFEGHI 2 *, Peyman ROSTAMI 1 and Jahanghir
More informationDiagnostic imaging techniques. Krasznai Zoltán. University of Debrecen Medical and Health Science Centre Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology
Diagnostic imaging techniques Krasznai Zoltán University of Debrecen Medical and Health Science Centre Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology 1. Computer tomography (CT) 2. Gamma camera 3. Single Photon
More informationSimulation of Mammograms & Tomosynthesis imaging with Cone Beam Breast CT images
Simulation of Mammograms & Tomosynthesis imaging with Cone Beam Breast CT images Tao Han, Chris C. Shaw, Lingyun Chen, Chao-jen Lai, Xinming Liu, Tianpeng Wang Digital Imaging Research Laboratory (DIRL),
More informationA Scintillating Fiber Tracker for Cosmic Muon Tomography
A Scintillating Fiber Tracker for Cosmic Muon Tomography Carsten Mai I. Physikalisches Institut B der RWTH Aachen GK Seminar Bad Honnef, September 2011 Outline A Particle Physicist's Approach to Archeological
More informationComparison of internal and external dose conversion factors using ICRP adult male and MEET Man voxel model phantoms.
Comparison of internal and external dose conversion factors using ICRP adult male and MEET Man voxel model phantoms. D.Leone, A.Häußler Intitute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute for Technology,
More informationInvestigating the influence of workpiece placement on the uncertainty of measurements in industrial computed tomography
Investigating the influence of workpiece placement on the uncertainty of measurements in industrial computed tomography Natalia Grozmani 1, Andrea Buratti 1, Robert H. Schmitt 1 More info about this article:
More informationIdentification of Shielding Material Configurations Using NMIS Imaging
Identification of Shielding Material Configurations Using NMIS Imaging B. R. Grogan, J. T. Mihalczo, S. M. McConchie, and J. A. Mullens Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, MS-6010, Oak Ridge,
More informationCT Systems and their standards
CT Systems and their standards Stephen Brown Engineering Measurement 11 th April 2012 Industrial X-ray computed tomography: The future of co-ordinate metrology? Burleigh Court, Loughborough University
More informationAn educational tool for demonstrating the TOF-PET technique
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 471 (2001) 200 204 An educational tool for demonstrating the TOF-PET technique T.Bȧack a, *, J. Cederkȧall a, B. Cederwall a, A. Johnson a, A. Kerek
More informationAn approach to calculate and visualize intraoperative scattered radiation exposure
Peter L. Reicertz Institut für Medizinische Informatik An approach to calculate and visualize intraoperative scattered radiation exposure Markus Wagner University of Braunschweig Institute of Technology
More informationMulti-slice CT Image Reconstruction Jiang Hsieh, Ph.D.
Multi-slice CT Image Reconstruction Jiang Hsieh, Ph.D. Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare Technologies 1 Image Generation Reconstruction of images from projections. textbook reconstruction advanced
More informationRegistration concepts for the just-in-time artefact correction by means of virtual computed tomography
DIR 2007 - International Symposium on Digital industrial Radiology and Computed Tomography, June 25-27, 2007, Lyon, France Registration concepts for the just-in-time artefact correction by means of virtual
More informationConstructing System Matrices for SPECT Simulations and Reconstructions
Constructing System Matrices for SPECT Simulations and Reconstructions Nirantha Balagopal April 28th, 2017 M.S. Report The University of Arizona College of Optical Sciences 1 Acknowledgement I would like
More informationCherenkov Radiation. Doctoral Thesis. Rok Dolenec. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Samo Korpar
Doctoral Thesis Time-of-Flight Time-of-Flight Positron Positron Emission Emission Tomography Tomography Using Using Cherenkov Cherenkov Radiation Radiation Rok Dolenec Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Samo Korpar
More informationContrast Enhancement with Dual Energy CT for the Assessment of Atherosclerosis
Contrast Enhancement with Dual Energy CT for the Assessment of Atherosclerosis Stefan C. Saur 1, Hatem Alkadhi 2, Luca Regazzoni 1, Simon Eugster 1, Gábor Székely 1, Philippe Cattin 1,3 1 Computer Vision
More informationWorkshop on Quantitative SPECT and PET Brain Studies January, 2013 PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brasil Corrections in SPECT and PET
Workshop on Quantitative SPECT and PET Brain Studies 14-16 January, 2013 PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brasil Corrections in SPECT and PET Físico João Alfredo Borges, Me. Corrections in SPECT and PET SPECT and
More informationRadiographic Modelling for NDE of Subsea Pipelines
Radiographic Modelling for NDE of Subsea Pipelines Misty I. Haith a,, Uwe Ewert b, Stefan Hohendorf b, Carsten Bellon b, Andreas Deresch b, Peter Huthwaite a, Michael J.S. Lowe a, Uwe Zscherpel b a Imperial
More informationUMASIS, AN ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION TOOL FOR DEVELOPING AND OPTIMIZING ULTRASONIC INSPECTION TECHNIQUES
UMASIS, AN ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION TOOL FOR DEVELOPING AND OPTIMIZING ULTRASONIC INSPECTION TECHNIQUES A.W.F. Volker, J. G.P. Bloom TNO Science & Industry, Stieltjesweg 1, 2628CK Delft, The Netherlands
More informationTHE EFFECT OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF CSI(TL) MICRO-COLUMNS ON THE RESOLUTION OF THE X-RAY IMAGE; OPTICAL SIMULATION STUDY
PAPER THE EFFECT OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF CSI(TL) MICRO-COLUMNS ON THE RESOLUTION OF THE X-RAY IMAGE; OPTICAL SIMULATION STUDY HYUNKI KIM, JUN HYUNG BAE, BO KYUNG CHA, HOSANG JEON, JONG YUL KIM, CHAN KYU
More informationWashability Monitor for Coal Utilizing Optical and X-Ray Analysis Techniques
Washability Monitor for Coal Utilizing Optical and X-Ray Analysis Techniques Jan F. Bachmann, Claus C. Bachmann, Michael P. Cipold, Helge B. Wurst J&C Bachmann GmbH, Bad Wildbad, Germany Mel J. Laurila
More informationMoscow-Bavarian Joint Advanced Student School 2006 / Medical Imaging Principles of Computerized Tomographic Imaging and Cone-Beam Reconstruction
Line Integrals Line integrals represent the integral of some parameter of the object along the line (e.g. attenuation of x-rays) Object: f(x,y) Line: x cosθ + y sinθ = t Line integral / Radon transform:
More informationCondenser Optics for Dark Field X-Ray Microscopy
Condenser Optics for Dark Field X-Ray Microscopy S. J. Pfauntsch, A. G. Michette, C. J. Buckley Centre for X-Ray Science, Department of Physics, King s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK Abstract.
More informationOutline. Monte Carlo Radiation Transport Modeling Overview (MCNP5/6) Monte Carlo technique: Example. Monte Carlo technique: Introduction
Monte Carlo Radiation Transport Modeling Overview () Lecture 7 Special Topics: Device Modeling Outline Principles of Monte Carlo modeling Radiation transport modeling with Utilizing Visual Editor (VisEd)
More informationMEDICAL IMAGING 2nd Part Computed Tomography
MEDICAL IMAGING 2nd Part Computed Tomography Introduction 2 In the last 30 years X-ray Computed Tomography development produced a great change in the role of diagnostic imaging in medicine. In convetional
More informationQuality control phantoms and protocol for a tomography system
Quality control phantoms and protocol for a tomography system Lucía Franco 1 1 CT AIMEN, C/Relva 27A O Porriño Pontevedra, Spain, lfranco@aimen.es Abstract Tomography systems for non-destructive testing
More informationULTRASONIC TESTING AND FLAW CHARACTERIZATION. Alex KARPELSON Kinectrics Inc., Toronto, Canada
ULTRASONIC TESTING AND FLAW CHARACTERIZATION Alex KARPELSON Kinectrics Inc., Toronto, Canada 1. Introduction Ultrasonic Testing (UT) is a commonly used inspection method. Various techniques are employed
More informationCardiac Dual Energy CT: Technique
RSNA 2013, VSCA51-01, Chicago, Dec. 5, 2013 Cardiac Radiology Series Cardiac Dual Energy CT: Technique Willi A. Kalender, Ph.D. Institute of Medical Physics University of Erlangen www.imp.uni-erlangen.de
More informationSPECT QA and QC. Bruce McBride St. Vincent s Hospital Sydney.
SPECT QA and QC Bruce McBride St. Vincent s Hospital Sydney. SPECT QA and QC What is needed? Why? How often? Who says? QA and QC in Nuclear Medicine QA - collective term for all the efforts made to produce
More informationULTRASONIC WAVE PROPAGATION THROUGH NOZZLES AND PIPES WITH
ULTRASONIC WAVE PROPAGATION THROUGH NOZZLES AND PIPES WITH CLADDINGS AROUND THEIR INNER WALLS INTRODUCTION A. Minachi and R. B. Thompson Center for NDE Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 5001 J The inner
More informationContinuation Format Page
C.1 PET with submillimeter spatial resolution Figure 2 shows two views of the high resolution PET experimental setup used to acquire preliminary data [92]. The mechanics of the proposed system are similar
More information