Introductory Scientific Computing with Python
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1 Introductory Scientific Computing with Python Introduction, IPython and Plotting FOSSEE Department of Aerospace Engineering IIT Bombay SciPy India, 2015 December, 2015 FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 1 / 39
2 Acknowledgement FOSSEE group (fossee.in) based at IIT Bombay and funded by The National Mission on Education through ICT, Ministry of HRD, India FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 2 / 39
3 Outline Checklist 1 Checklist 2 Starting up IPython 3 Breaking out of loops 4 Plotting Drawing plots Decoration More decoration 5 Multiple plots 6 Scripts Saving & Running FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 3 / 39
4 Checklist Checklist 1 IPython 2 Editor 3 Data files: pendulum.txt sslc.txt 4 Images bird.png FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 4 / 39
5 Checklist About the Tutorial Intended Audience Engg., Mathematics and Science researchers with a reasonable programming background. Goal: Successful participants will be able to Start using Python as plotting, computational tool. Use the basic libraries and tools for scientific computing with Python. FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 5 / 39
6 Outline Starting up IPython 1 Checklist 2 Starting up IPython 3 Breaking out of loops 4 Plotting Drawing plots Decoration More decoration 5 Multiple plots 6 Scripts Saving & Running FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 6 / 39
7 Starting up IPython Starting up... Terminal $ ipython -pylab # OR $ jupyter console -pylab FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 7 / 39
8 Starting up IPython Running IPython In []: print("hello, World!") Hello, World! Exiting on the terminal In []: ^D(Ctrl-D) Do you really want to exit([y]/n)? y Or hit Return or Ctrl-D again FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 8 / 39
9 Outline Breaking out of loops 1 Checklist 2 Starting up IPython 3 Breaking out of loops 4 Plotting Drawing plots Decoration More decoration 5 Multiple plots 6 Scripts Saving & Running FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 9 / 39
10 Breaking out of loops Breaking out of Loops Breaking out of loops In []: while True:...: print("hello, World!")...: Hello, World! Hello, World!^C(Ctrl-C) KeyboardInterrupt 10 m FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 10 / 39
11 Outline Plotting 1 Checklist 2 Starting up IPython 3 Breaking out of loops 4 Plotting Drawing plots Decoration More decoration 5 Multiple plots 6 Scripts Saving & Running FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 11 / 39
12 Outline Plotting Drawing plots 1 Checklist 2 Starting up IPython 3 Breaking out of loops 4 Plotting Drawing plots Decoration More decoration 5 Multiple plots 6 Scripts Saving & Running FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 12 / 39
13 First Plot Plotting Drawing plots In []: x = linspace(0, 2*pi, 50) In []: plot(x, sin(x)) FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 13 / 39
14 Walkthrough Plotting Drawing plots x = linspace(start, stop, num) returns num evenly spaced points, in the interval [start, stop]. x[0] = start x[num - 1] = end plot(x, y) plots x and y using default line style and color FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 14 / 39
15 Outline Plotting Decoration 1 Checklist 2 Starting up IPython 3 Breaking out of loops 4 Plotting Drawing plots Decoration More decoration 5 Multiple plots 6 Scripts Saving & Running FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 15 / 39
16 Adding Labels Plotting Decoration In []: xlabel( x ) In []: ylabel( sin(x) ) FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 16 / 39
17 Another example Plotting Decoration In []: clf() Clears the plot area. In []: y = linspace(0, 2*pi, 50) In []: plot(y, sin(2*y)) In []: xlabel( y ) In []: ylabel( sin(2y) ) FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 17 / 39
18 IPython tips... Plotting Decoration Use TAB to complete command History Accesses history (also from past sessions) Up and down arrows (Ctrl-p/Ctrl-n) Search: Ctrl-r and start typing Ctrl-a: go to start of line Ctrl-e: go to end of line Ctrl-k: kill to end of line FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 18 / 39
19 Outline Plotting More decoration 1 Checklist 2 Starting up IPython 3 Breaking out of loops 4 Plotting Drawing plots Decoration More decoration 5 Multiple plots 6 Scripts Saving & Running FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 19 / 39
20 Plotting Title and Legends More decoration In []: title( Sinusoids ) In []: legend([ sin(2y) ]) FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 20 / 39
21 Plotting Legend Placement More decoration In []: legend([ sin(2y) ], loc = center ) best right center FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 21 / 39
22 Showing it better Plotting More decoration In []: plot(y, cos(y), r ) In []: clf() In []: plot(y, sin(y), g, linewidth=2) FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 22 / 39
23 Annotating Plotting More decoration In []: annotate( local max, xy=(1.5, 1)) FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 23 / 39
24 Saving & Closing Plotting More decoration In []: savefig( sin.png ) In []: close() Supported formats to store images: png eps - Easy to embed in LaTeX files pdf raw rgba svg FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 24 / 39
25 Outline Multiple plots 1 Checklist 2 Starting up IPython 3 Breaking out of loops 4 Plotting Drawing plots Decoration More decoration 5 Multiple plots 6 Scripts Saving & Running FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 25 / 39
26 Overlaid Plots Multiple plots In []: clf() In []: plot(y, sin(y)) In []: plot(y, cos(y)) In []: xlabel( y ) In []: ylabel( f(y) ) In []: legend([ sin(y), cos(y) ]) By default plots would be overlaid! FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 26 / 39
27 Multiple plots Plotting separate figures In []: clf() In []: figure(1) In []: plot(y, sin(y)) In []: figure(2) In []: plot(y, cos(y)) In []: savefig( cosine.png ) In []: figure(1) In []: title( sin(y) ) In []: savefig( sine.png ) In []: close() In []: close() FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 27 / 39
28 Axes lengths Multiple plots Getting axes lengths In []: xmin, xmax = xlim() In []: ymin, ymax = ylim() In []: print xmin, xmax Set the axes limits In []: xlim(xmin, 2*pi ) In []: ylim(ymin-0.2, ymax+0.2) FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 28 / 39
29 Axes lengths Multiple plots FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 29 / 39
30 Multiple plots IPython tips... Try: In []: plot? to get more information on plot Try: In []: plot?? to see the source code for plot Note: exit pager with q or ESC FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 30 / 39
31 Multiple plots Review Problem 1 Plot x, -x, sin(x), xsin(x) in range 5π to 5π 2 Add a legend 3 Annotate the origin 4 Set axes limits to the range of x FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 31 / 39
32 Multiple plots Review Problem... Plotting... In []: x = linspace(-5*pi, 5*pi, 500) In []: plot(x, x, b ) In []: plot(x, -x, b ) In []: plot(x, sin(x), g, linewidth=2) In []: plot(x, x*sin(x), r, linewidth=3). FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 32 / 39
33 Multiple plots Review Problem... Legend & Annotation... In []: legend([ x, -x, sin(x), xsin(x) ]) In []: annotate( origin, xy = (0, 0)) Setting Axes limits... In []: xlim(-5*pi, 5*pi) In []: ylim(-5*pi, 5*pi) FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 33 / 39
34 Outline Scripts Saving & Running 1 Checklist 2 Starting up IPython 3 Breaking out of loops 4 Plotting Drawing plots Decoration More decoration 5 Multiple plots 6 Scripts Saving & Running FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 34 / 39
35 Scripts Saving & Running Command History Use the %hist magic command of IPython In []: %hist This displays all the commands typed in so far aka Command History. Careful about errors! %hist will contain the errors as well. Magic Commands? Magic commands are commands provided by IPython to make our life easier. FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 35 / 39
36 Scripts Saving & Running Command History Use the %hist magic command of IPython In []: %hist This displays all the commands typed in so far aka Command History. Careful about errors! %hist will contain the errors as well. Magic Commands? Magic commands are commands provided by IPython to make our life easier. FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 35 / 39
37 Scripts Saving & Running Saving commands into script Use the %save magic command of IPython %save script_name line_numbers Line numbers can be specified individually separated by spaces or as a range separated by a dash. %save four_plot.py This saves from the history the commands entered on line numbers 16, 18, 19, 20, FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 36 / 39
38 Scripts Saving & Running Python Scripts... Now, four_plot.py is called a Python Script. run the script in IPython using %run four_plot.py NameError: name linspace is not defined To avoid this, run using %run -i four_plot.py You may need to do show() to see a plot window FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 37 / 39
39 Scripts Saving & Running Python Scripts... Now, four_plot.py is called a Python Script. run the script in IPython using %run four_plot.py NameError: name linspace is not defined To avoid this, run using %run -i four_plot.py You may need to do show() to see a plot window FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 37 / 39
40 Scripts Saving & Running Result graph FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 38 / 39
41 Scripts Saving & Running What did we learn? Starting up IPython Creating simple plots Adding labels and legends Annotating plots Changing the looks: size, linewidth Accessing history, documentation %hist - History of commands %save - Saving commands Running a script using %run -i 40 m FOSSEE group (IIT Bombay) Interactive Plotting 39 / 39
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