Large Scale Generation of Complex and Faulty PHP Test Cases

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1 Large Scale Generation of Complex and Faulty PHP Test Cases Bertrand STIVALET Elizabeth FONG ICST 2016 Chicago, IL, USA April 15th,

2 Authors Bertrand STIVALET National Institute of Standards and Technology Elizabeth FONG National Institute of Standards and Technology 2

3 "If debugging is the process of removing software bugs, then programming must be the process of putting them in" E. Dijkstra 3

4 NIST - SAMATE - SARD NIST - National Institute of Standards and Technology Part of the US Department Of Commerce Promote U.S. Innovation and Industrial Competitiveness SAMATE - Software Assurance Metrics And Tool Evaluation Improve Software Assurance by: developing materials, specifications, and methods testing tools and techniques and measure their effectiveness SARD - Software Assurance Reference Dataset Provide database of known security flaws C/C++, JAVA, PHP, C# 148,903 Test cases / 665,481 Files 4

5 Outline 1. Software Testing 5

6 Outline 1. Software Testing Static Application Security Testing 6

7 Outline 2. Design of Test Cases 1. Software Testing Test Cases Static Application Security Testing 7

8 Outline 3. PHP Vulnerability Test Cases Generator 2. Design of Test Cases 1. Software Testing Test Cases Generator Test Cases Static Application Security Testing 8

9 Outline 3. PHP Vulnerability Test Cases Generator 2. Design of Test Cases 1. Software Testing Test Cases Generator Test Cases Static Application Security Testing 4. Live Demo 9

10 1. Software Testing Introduction to Static Analysis 10

11 Static Analysis Automated analysis of large software Defect detection and remediation Use different approaches: Syntax checking Heuristics Formal methods 11

12 Static Analysis Automated analysis of large software Defect detection and remediation Use different approaches Buggy Source Compilation Buggy Software 12

13 Static Analysis Automated analysis of large software Defect detection and remediation Use different approaches Buggy Source Static Analysis Bug Report Remediation 13

14 Static Analysis Automated analysis of large software Defect detection and remediation Use different approaches Fixed Source Compilation Secure Software 14

15 Static Analysis Automated analysis of large software Defect detection and remediation Use different approaches Buggy Source Static Analysis Bug Report? 15

16 Static Analysis Testing Static Analysis Bug Report True Negative 16

17 Static Analysis Testing Static Analysis Bug Report True Negative Static Analysis Bug Report False Positive 17

18 Static Analysis Testing Static Analysis Bug Report True Negative Static Analysis NOISE Bug Report False Positive 18

19 Static Analysis Testing Static Analysis Bug Report True Negative Static Analysis NOISE Bug Report False Positive Buggy Static Analysis Bug Report True Positive 19

20 Static Analysis Testing Static Analysis Bug Report True Negative Static Analysis NOISE Bug Report False Positive Buggy Static Analysis Bug Report True Positive Buggy Static Analysis Bug Report False Negative 20

21 Static Analysis Testing Static Analysis Bug Report True Negative Static Analysis NOISE Bug Report False Positive Buggy Static Analysis Bug Report True Positive Buggy MISSED DEFECT Static Analysis Bug Report False Negative 21

22 Pros and Cons Improves software assurance Saves time and money Takes customized rule sets False positive (noise) False negative (missed defects) Limited scope 22

23 2. Design of Test Cases Test cases features 23

24 Test Cases Design Cover the most vulnerabilities possible Various complexities Statistically significant Ground truth Paired safe and flawed test cases Representative of production code 24

25 PHP Test Case Example 25

26 PHP Test Case Example INPUT 26

27 PHP Test Case Example INPUT FILTERING 27

28 PHP Test Case Example INPUT FILTERING SINK 28

29 3. PHP Vulnerability Test Cases Generator Overview of the Test Cases generator 29

30 Test Cases Generator Conditional Loops Functions Classes Multiple Files Complexities: choose none, one, or combine several Input Templates Filtering Templates Sink Templates Selected Input Selected Filtering Selected Sink Buggy File Structure: Input + Filtering + Sink 30

31 Test Cases Design Various complexities Statistically significant Ground truth Paired safe and flawed test cases Cover the more vulnerabilities possible Representative of production code 31

32 Vulnerabilities covered Vulnerabilities based on OWASP Top [ #safe / #unsafe ] Injection [ / 5920 ] Broken Authentication and Session Management Cross Site Scripting (XSS) [ 5728 / 4352 ] Insecure Direct Object References [ 400 / 80 ] Security Misconfiguration [ 5 / 3 ] Sensitive Data Exposure [ 5 / 7 ] Missing Function Level Access Control Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) Using Known Vulnerable Component Unvalidated Redirects and Forwards [ 2208 / 2592 ] 32

33 4. Live Demo Generating Test Cases to Testing 33

34 Live Demo <?PHP Vulnerability Test Case Generator?> PHP Test Cases 34

35 RIPS - Metrics Missed defects - present : found : 312* Recall = 312 / 912 = 34.2% * considering all findings are True positives 35

36 Report SQL Injection : Userinput reaches sensitive sink. RIPS - True Positive INPUT FILTERING SINK CWE_89 GET no_sanitizing multiple_select-interpretation.php 36

37 Report SQL Injection : Userinput returned by function getinput() reaches sensitive sink. RIPS - False Positive INPUT FILTERING SINK CWE_89 object-directget CAST-func_settype_float multiple_as-sprintf_%u.php 37

38 Conclusion Tools need evaluation! Test cases need improvement PHP Vulnerability Test Suite Generator: Automated generation Modular and expandable Customizable with options PHP test cases generated 38

39 Conclusion Tool is available on Github: Test cases are hosted in the SARD: Project is already used by researchers: M. K. Gupta, et al, Security Vulnerabilities in Web Applications", JCSSE 2015 M. K. Gupta, et al, "XSSDM: Towards Detection and Mitigation of Cross-Site Scripting Vulnerabilities in Web Applications", ICACCI 2015 SATE VI - Static Analysis Tool Exposition, NIST

40 Thanks! Any questions? Find us at: 40

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