Pointers, Arrays and C-Strings

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Pointers, Arrays and C-Strings"

Transcription

1 Pointers, Arrays and C-Strings Data Processing Course, I. Hrivnacova, IPN Orsay Variable in Memory Pointers Nullptr Pointers vs References C-Arrays C-Strings Problems with C-Arrays, C-Strings 1

2 Variables in Memory A computer memory location has an address and holds a content. The address is a numerical number (often expressed in hexadecimal), which is hard for programmers to use directly. Typically, each address location holds 8-bit (i.e., 1byte) of data. Chua Hock-Chuan: Programming Notes 2

3 Variables in Memory A variable is a named location that can store a value of a particular type. Names (or identifiers) are attached to certain addresses. Types (such as int, double, char) are associated with the contents for ease of interpretation of data. int sum = 255; sum: 255 Chua Hock-Chuan: Programming Notes 3

4 Pointers Pointer = an object that refers to another object The pointer value = the address of the object pointed The pointer type - formed by the type of the pointed object and * Ex. int*, float * int sum = 255; sum: 255 ptrsum: Chua Hock-Chuan: Programming Notes 4

5 Pointers int number = 88; int* pnumber = &number; cout << pnumber<< endl; cout << *pnumber << endl; Pointer type: int* Address operator: & *pnumber = 99; cout << *pnumber << endl; cout << number << endl; number: 255 Gives a variable address Derefence operator: * Indirectly give the variable pointed by the pointer pnumber: 5

6 Using Pointers int number = 88; int* pnumber = &number; cout << pnumber<< endl; cout << *pnumber << endl; *pnumber = 99; cout << *pnumber << endl; cout << number << endl; number: 255 pnumber: Program output: >./testpointers 0x7fff5a4b8c9c

7 Not Initialized Pointers (!) int* pnumber ; *pnumber = 55; cout << *pnumber << endl; Program output: >./testpointers Segmentation fault: 11 The pointer pnumber was declared without initialization i.e., it is pointing to "somewhere" which is of course an invalid memory location. The *pnumber = 55 corrupts the value of "somewhere"! 7

8 nullptr int* pnumber = nullptr; if ( pnumber ) { *pnumber = 55; cout << *pnumber << endl; } The special constant nullptr denotes a pointer which points nowhere It corresponds to boolean value false,and all other values to true We can test pointers logically 8

9 References A reference = is an alias, or an alternate name to an existing variable. Reference declaration: the type of object and & Ex. int&, float& int sum = 255; int& refsum = sum; You need to initialize the reference during declaration. int& ir; //!! error int& ir = nullptr; //!! error Referencing and dereferencing are done on the references implicitly. sum: refsum: References are NOT pointers No explicit dereferencing operator * and address-of operator & should be used as it is in case of pointers References are feature of C++ 9

10 #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int number = 88; int* ptrnumber = int& refnumber = cout << "number: cout << "number: cout << "number: References vs. Pointers &number; number; " << number << endl; " << *ptrnumber << endl; " << refnumber << endl; // 88 // 88 // 88 int number2 = 99; ptrnumber = &number2; cout << "number2: " << number2 << endl; // 99 cout << "number2: " << *ptrnumber << endl; // 99 The reference acts as another name of the object, it can not be changed to point to another object, it does not occupy memory space refnumber = number2; } //!!! will set the value // of 'number2' to 'number' cout << "refnumber: " << refnumber << endl; // 99 cout << "number: " << number << endl; // 99 10

11 Arrays An array is a collection of several elements of the same type, arranged in a sequence Arrays are created (declared) with brackets Element access via operator [] Their index ranges from 0 to size -1 // Declare and initialize an int array of 6 elements int a[6] = {11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66}; Chua Hock-Chuan: Programming Notes 11

12 Arrays & Pointers Arrays can be accessed using pointers. An array variable, a, is actually a pointer to the first element of the array // Declare and initialize an int array of 6 elements int a[6] = {11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66}; int* ptra = a; // Modify first element a: *ptra = 77; Chua Hock-Chuan: Programming Notes 12

13 Pointer Arithmetics Pointers can move around all elements of an array: If an integer n is added to the pointer, the pointer is increased by n elements. The ++ operator increases by one element If we sum the pointer value and an integer n, the result points tp the nth value after the pointer If we subtract two pointers, we get the distance between the elements to which they point int numbers[6] = {11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66}; for ( int* ptr = numbers; ptr < numbers + 6; ++ptr ) { cout << *ptr << endl; } 13

14 Range-based for loop Can be also used in the context of an array int numbers[6] = {11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66}; for ( int number : numbers ) { cout << number << endl; } 14

15 Problems with Arrays Pitfall of C(C++): C/C++ does not perform array index-bound check. In other words, if the index is beyond the array's bounds, it does not issue a warning/error. Handling of the arrays can be dangerous, you should prefer use of vectors or std::arrays (since C++11) int numbers[6] = {11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66}; // Index out of bound! // Can compiled and run, but could pose very serious side effect! numbers[88] = 999; cout << numbers[77] << endl; 15

16 C-Strings The standard string types of C++ encapsulate the details of the low-level string processing In C, strings are managed as arrays of characters with the '\0' character at the end. The length of a C-string is the number of characters until '\0' The string literals ("hello") have this low-level format, their type is const char* const means that characters cannot be changed hello : h e l l o \0 16

17 Problems with C-Strings const char* s = "hello"; const char* t = "Nico"; s : h e l l o \0 t : N i c o \0 h e l l o \0 t : N i c o \0 Assigns pointers rather than characters Special functions have to be used for operations with C-Strings s = t; s : to copy, compare, etc. The same danger of out of bound errors as for arrays You should prefer use of std::string 17

C++ Basics. Data Processing Course, I. Hrivnacova, IPN Orsay

C++ Basics. Data Processing Course, I. Hrivnacova, IPN Orsay C++ Basics Data Processing Course, I. Hrivnacova, IPN Orsay The First Program Comments Function main() Input and Output Namespaces Variables Fundamental Types Operators Control constructs 1 C++ Programming

More information

Homework #3 CS2255 Fall 2012

Homework #3 CS2255 Fall 2012 Homework #3 CS2255 Fall 2012 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The, also known as the address operator, returns the memory address of a variable. a. asterisk ( * ) b. ampersand ( & ) c. percent sign (%) d. exclamation

More information

Pointers, Dynamic Data, and Reference Types

Pointers, Dynamic Data, and Reference Types Pointers, Dynamic Data, and Reference Types Review on Pointers Reference Variables Dynamic Memory Allocation The new operator The delete operator Dynamic Memory Allocation for Arrays 1 C++ Data Types simple

More information

Classes - 2. Data Processing Course, I. Hrivnacova, IPN Orsay

Classes - 2. Data Processing Course, I. Hrivnacova, IPN Orsay Classes - 2 Data Processing Course, I. Hrivnacova, IPN Orsay OOP, Classes Reminder Requirements for a Class Class Development Constructor Access Control Modifiers Getters, Setters Keyword this const Member

More information

Reference operator (&)

Reference operator (&) Pointers Each cell can be easily located in the memory because it has a unique address and all the memory cells follow a successive pattern. For example, if we are looking for cell 1776 we know that it

More information

FORM 1 (Please put your name and section number (001/10am or 002/2pm) on the scantron!!!!) CS 161 Exam II: True (A)/False(B) (2 pts each):

FORM 1 (Please put your name and section number (001/10am or 002/2pm) on the scantron!!!!) CS 161 Exam II: True (A)/False(B) (2 pts each): FORM 1 (Please put your name and section number (001/10am or 002/2pm) on the scantron!!!!) CS 161 Exam II: True (A)/False(B) (2 pts each): 1. If a function has default arguments, they can be located anywhere

More information

Modern C++ for Computer Vision and Image Processing. Igor Bogoslavskyi

Modern C++ for Computer Vision and Image Processing. Igor Bogoslavskyi Modern C++ for Computer Vision and Image Processing Igor Bogoslavskyi Outline Static variables and methods Representation of numbers in memory Raw C arrays Non-owning pointers in C++ Classes in memory

More information

PIC 10A Pointers, Arrays, and Dynamic Memory Allocation. Ernest Ryu UCLA Mathematics

PIC 10A Pointers, Arrays, and Dynamic Memory Allocation. Ernest Ryu UCLA Mathematics PIC 10A Pointers, Arrays, and Dynamic Memory Allocation Ernest Ryu UCLA Mathematics Pointers A variable is stored somewhere in memory. The address-of operator & returns the memory address of the variable.

More information

Input and Output. Data Processing Course, I. Hrivnacova, IPN Orsay

Input and Output. Data Processing Course, I. Hrivnacova, IPN Orsay Input and Output Data Processing Course, I. Hrivnacova, IPN Orsay Output to the Screen Input from the Keyboard IO Headers Output to a File Input from a File Formatting I. Hrivnacova @ Data Processing Course

More information

BITG 1113: POINTER LECTURE 12

BITG 1113: POINTER LECTURE 12 BITG 1113: POINTER LECTURE 12 1 LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of this lecture, you should be able to: 1. Describe the concept of pointer. 2. Write declaration and initialization of a pointer. 3. Do arithmetic

More information

Outline. Introduction. Arrays declarations and initialization. Const variables. Character arrays. Static arrays. Examples.

Outline. Introduction. Arrays declarations and initialization. Const variables. Character arrays. Static arrays. Examples. Outline Introduction. Arrays declarations and initialization. Const variables. Character arrays. Static arrays. Examples. 1 Arrays I Array One type of data structures. Consecutive group of memory locations

More information

Input And Output of C++

Input And Output of C++ Input And Output of C++ Input And Output of C++ Seperating Lines of Output New lines in output Recall: "\n" "newline" A second method: object endl Examples: cout

More information

Outline. Introduction. Pointer variables. Pointer operators. Calling functions by reference. Using const with pointers. Examples.

Outline. Introduction. Pointer variables. Pointer operators. Calling functions by reference. Using const with pointers. Examples. Outline Introduction. Pointer variables. Pointer operators. Calling functions by reference. Using const with pointers. Examples. 1 Introduction A pointer is a variable that contains a memory address Pointers

More information

[0569] p 0318 garbage

[0569] p 0318 garbage A Pointer is a variable which contains the address of another variable. Declaration syntax: Pointer_type *pointer_name; This declaration will create a pointer of the pointer_name which will point to the

More information

12. Pointers Address-of operator (&)

12. Pointers Address-of operator (&) 12. Pointers In earlier chapters, variables have been explained as locations in the computer's memory which can be accessed by their identifer (their name). This way, the program does not need to care

More information

Agenda. The main body and cout. Fundamental data types. Declarations and definitions. Control structures

Agenda. The main body and cout. Fundamental data types. Declarations and definitions. Control structures The main body and cout Agenda 1 Fundamental data types Declarations and definitions Control structures References, pass-by-value vs pass-by-references The main body and cout 2 C++ IS AN OO EXTENSION OF

More information

CHAPTER 3 BASIC INSTRUCTION OF C++

CHAPTER 3 BASIC INSTRUCTION OF C++ CHAPTER 3 BASIC INSTRUCTION OF C++ MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI Computer programming (BFC 20802) Subtopics 2 Parts of a C++ Program Classes and Objects The #include Directive Variables and Literals Identifiers

More information

A First Program - Greeting.cpp

A First Program - Greeting.cpp C++ Basics A First Program - Greeting.cpp Preprocessor directives Function named main() indicates start of program // Program: Display greetings #include using namespace std; int main() { cout

More information

Pointer Arithmetic. Lecture 4 Chapter 10. Robb T. Koether. Hampden-Sydney College. Wed, Jan 25, 2017

Pointer Arithmetic. Lecture 4 Chapter 10. Robb T. Koether. Hampden-Sydney College. Wed, Jan 25, 2017 Pointer Arithmetic Lecture 4 Chapter 10 Robb T. Koether Hampden-Sydney College Wed, Jan 25, 2017 Robb T. Koether (Hampden-Sydney College) Pointer Arithmetic Wed, Jan 25, 2017 1 / 36 1 Pointer Arithmetic

More information

C++ ARRAYS POINTERS POINTER ARITHMETIC. Problem Solving with Computers-I

C++ ARRAYS POINTERS POINTER ARITHMETIC. Problem Solving with Computers-I C++ ARRAYS POINTERS POINTER ARITHMETIC Problem Solving with Computers-I General model of memory Sequence of adjacent cells Each cell has 1-byte stored in it Each cell has an address (memory location) Memory

More information

Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. CMPSC11 Final (Study Guide) Fall 11 Prof Hartman Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) This is a collection of statements that performs

More information

Looping and Counting. Lecture 3 Hartmut Kaiser hkaiser/fall_2012/csc1254.html

Looping and Counting. Lecture 3 Hartmut Kaiser  hkaiser/fall_2012/csc1254.html Looping and Counting Lecture 3 Hartmut Kaiser hkaiser@cct.lsu.edu http://www.cct.lsu.edu/ hkaiser/fall_2012/csc1254.html Abstract First we ll discuss types and type safety. Then we will modify the program

More information

Looping and Counting. Lecture 3. Hartmut Kaiser hkaiser/fall_2011/csc1254.html

Looping and Counting. Lecture 3. Hartmut Kaiser  hkaiser/fall_2011/csc1254.html Hartmut Kaiser hkaiser@cct.lsu.edu http://www.cct.lsu.edu/ hkaiser/fall_2011/csc1254.html 2 Abstract First we ll discuss types and type safety. Then we will modify the program we developed last time (Framing

More information

CS2141 Software Development using C/C++ C++ Basics

CS2141 Software Development using C/C++ C++ Basics CS2141 Software Development using C/C++ C++ Basics Integers Basic Types Can be short, long, or just plain int C++ does not define the size of them other than short

More information

Output of sample program: Size of a short is 2 Size of a int is 4 Size of a double is 8

Output of sample program: Size of a short is 2 Size of a int is 4 Size of a double is 8 Pointers Variables vs. Pointers: A variable in a program is something with a name and a value that can vary. The way the compiler and linker handles this is that it assigns a specific block of memory within

More information

Pointers. Memory. void foo() { }//return

Pointers. Memory. void foo() { }//return Pointers Pointers Every location in memory has a unique number assigned to it called it s address A pointer is a variable that holds a memory address A pointer can be used to store an object or variable

More information

Pointers. Reference operator (&) ted = &andy;

Pointers. Reference operator (&)  ted = &andy; Pointers We have already seen how variables are seen as memory cells that can be accessed using their identifiers. This way we did not have to care about the physical location of our data within memory,

More information

CSE 307: Principles of Programming Languages

CSE 307: Principles of Programming Languages CSE 307: Principles of Programming Languages Variables and Constants R. Sekar 1 / 22 Topics 2 / 22 Variables and Constants Variables are stored in memory, whereas constants need not be. Value of variables

More information

! Pass by value: when an argument is passed to a. ! It is implemented using variable initialization. ! Changes to the parameter in the function body

! Pass by value: when an argument is passed to a. ! It is implemented using variable initialization. ! Changes to the parameter in the function body Week 3 Pointers, References, Arrays & Structures Gaddis: Chapters 6, 7, 9, 11 CS 5301 Fall 2013 Jill Seaman 1 Arguments passed by value! Pass by value: when an argument is passed to a function, its value

More information

The C++ Language. Arizona State University 1

The C++ Language. Arizona State University 1 The C++ Language CSE100 Principles of Programming with C++ (based off Chapter 2 slides by Pearson) Ryan Dougherty Arizona State University http://www.public.asu.edu/~redoughe/ Arizona State University

More information

C++ Strings, Enums. Data Processing Course, I. Hrivnacova, IPN Orsay

C++ Strings, Enums. Data Processing Course, I. Hrivnacova, IPN Orsay C++ Strings, Enums Data Processing Course, I. Hrivnacova, IPN Orsay Using strings Manipulating strings as fundamental types (using operators) Manipulating strings as objects (using object-oriented syntax)

More information

CSC 211 Intermediate Programming. Arrays & Pointers

CSC 211 Intermediate Programming. Arrays & Pointers CSC 211 Intermediate Programming Arrays & Pointers 1 Definition An array a consecutive group of memory locations that all have the same name and the same type. To create an array we use a declaration statement.

More information

CS2255 HOMEWORK #1 Fall 2012

CS2255 HOMEWORK #1 Fall 2012 CS55 HOMEWORK #1 Fall 01 1.What is assigned to the variable a given the statement below with the following assumptions: x = 10, y = 7, and z, a, and b are all int variables. a = x >= y; a. 10 b. 7 c. The

More information

Pointers. Variable Declaration. Chapter 10

Pointers. Variable Declaration. Chapter 10 Pointers Chapter 10 Variable Declaration When a variable is defined, three fundamental attributes are associated with it: Name Type Address The variable definition associates the name, the type, and the

More information

Lecture 8: Pointer Arithmetic (review) Endianness Functions and pointers

Lecture 8: Pointer Arithmetic (review) Endianness Functions and pointers CSE 30: Computer Organization and Systems Programming Lecture 8: Pointer Arithmetic (review) Endianness Functions and pointers Diba Mirza University of California, San Diego 1 Q: Which of the assignment

More information

Review: Exam 1. Your First C++ Program. Declaration Statements. Tells the compiler. Examples of declaration statements

Review: Exam 1. Your First C++ Program. Declaration Statements. Tells the compiler. Examples of declaration statements Review: Exam 1 9/20/06 CS150 Introduction to Computer Science 1 1 Your First C++ Program 1 //*********************************************************** 2 // File name: hello.cpp 3 // Author: Shereen Khoja

More information

Chapter 2: Introduction to C++

Chapter 2: Introduction to C++ Chapter 2: Introduction to C++ Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright Publishing as 2010 Pearson Pearson Addison-Wesley Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 2.1 Parts of a C++

More information

Chapter 2: Special Characters. Parts of a C++ Program. Introduction to C++ Displays output on the computer screen

Chapter 2: Special Characters. Parts of a C++ Program. Introduction to C++ Displays output on the computer screen Chapter 2: Introduction to C++ 2.1 Parts of a C++ Program Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright 2009 Publishing Pearson as Pearson Education, Addison-Wesley Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

More information

! A program is a set of instructions that the. ! It must be translated. ! Variable: portion of memory that stores a value. char

! A program is a set of instructions that the. ! It must be translated. ! Variable: portion of memory that stores a value. char Week 1 Operators, Data Types & I/O Gaddis: Chapters 1, 2, 3 CS 5301 Fall 2016 Jill Seaman Programming A program is a set of instructions that the computer follows to perform a task It must be translated

More information

Object-Oriented Programming for Scientific Computing

Object-Oriented Programming for Scientific Computing Object-Oriented Programming for Scientific Computing Dynamic Memory Management Ole Klein Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing Heidelberg University ole.klein@iwr.uni-heidelberg.de 2. Mai 2017

More information

THE GOOD, BAD AND UGLY ABOUT POINTERS. Problem Solving with Computers-I

THE GOOD, BAD AND UGLY ABOUT POINTERS. Problem Solving with Computers-I THE GOOD, BAD AND UGLY ABOUT POINTERS Problem Solving with Computers-I The good: Pointers pass data around efficiently Pointers and arrays 100 104 108 112 116 ar 20 30 50 80 90 ar is like a pointer to

More information

CS162 - POINTERS. Lecture: Pointers and Dynamic Memory

CS162 - POINTERS. Lecture: Pointers and Dynamic Memory CS162 - POINTERS Lecture: Pointers and Dynamic Memory What are pointers Why dynamically allocate memory How to dynamically allocate memory What about deallocation? Walk thru pointer exercises 1 CS162 -

More information

PART I. Part II Answer to all the questions 1. What is meant by a token? Name the token available in C++.

PART I.   Part II Answer to all the questions 1. What is meant by a token? Name the token available in C++. Unit - III CHAPTER - 9 INTRODUCTION TO C++ Choose the correct answer. PART I 1. Who developed C++? (a) Charles Babbage (b) Bjarne Stroustrup (c) Bill Gates (d) Sundar Pichai 2. What was the original name

More information

Scott Gibson. Pointers & Dynamic Memory. Pre & Co Requisites. Random Access Memory. Data Types. Atomic Type Sizes

Scott Gibson. Pointers & Dynamic Memory. Pre & Co Requisites. Random Access Memory. Data Types. Atomic Type Sizes Scott Gibson Pointers & Dynamic Memory Lecture #1 Office: LAH 103 Email: sgibson@brookdalecc.edu sgib@optonline.net Web: www.brookdalecc.edu/fac/cos/sgibson Phone: (732) 224 2285 1 2 Pre & Co Requisites

More information

Outline. 1 Function calls and parameter passing. 2 Pointers, arrays, and references. 5 Declarations, scope, and lifetimes 6 I/O

Outline. 1 Function calls and parameter passing. 2 Pointers, arrays, and references. 5 Declarations, scope, and lifetimes 6 I/O Outline EDAF30 Programming in C++ 2. Introduction. More on function calls and types. Sven Gestegård Robertz Computer Science, LTH 2018 1 Function calls and parameter passing 2 Pointers, arrays, and references

More information

pointers + memory double x; string a; int x; main overhead int y; main overhead

pointers + memory double x; string a; int x; main overhead int y; main overhead pointers + memory computer have memory to store data. every program gets a piece of it to use as we create and use more variables, more space is allocated to a program memory int x; double x; string a;

More information

Pointer Basics. Lecture 13 COP 3014 Spring March 28, 2018

Pointer Basics. Lecture 13 COP 3014 Spring March 28, 2018 Pointer Basics Lecture 13 COP 3014 Spring 2018 March 28, 2018 What is a Pointer? A pointer is a variable that stores a memory address. Pointers are used to store the addresses of other variables or memory

More information

Pointers and References

Pointers and References Steven Zeil October 2, 2013 Contents 1 References 2 2 Pointers 8 21 Working with Pointers 8 211 Memory and C++ Programs 11 212 Allocating Data 15 22 Pointers Can Be Dangerous 17 3 The Secret World of Pointers

More information

Objectives. Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ Introduction. Objectives (cont d.) A C++ Program (cont d.) A C++ Program

Objectives. Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ Introduction. Objectives (cont d.) A C++ Program (cont d.) A C++ Program Objectives Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ In this chapter, you will: Become familiar with functions, special symbols, and identifiers in C++ Explore simple data types Discover how a program evaluates

More information

Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++

Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ Objectives In this chapter, you will: Become familiar with functions, special symbols, and identifiers in C++ Explore simple data types Discover how a program evaluates

More information

6.096 Introduction to C++ January (IAP) 2009

6.096 Introduction to C++ January (IAP) 2009 MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 6.096 Introduction to C++ January (IAP) 2009 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. Welcome to 6.096 Lecture

More information

Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ Objectives. Objectives (cont d.) A C++ Program. Introduction

Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ Objectives. Objectives (cont d.) A C++ Program. Introduction Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition 1 Objectives In this chapter, you will: Become familiar with functions, special symbols, and identifiers

More information

Programming in C++ Prof. Partha Pratim Das Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Programming in C++ Prof. Partha Pratim Das Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Programming in C++ Prof. Partha Pratim Das Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture 04 Programs with IO and Loop We will now discuss the module 2,

More information

Lecture 14. No in-class files today. Homework 7 (due on Wednesday) and Project 3 (due in 10 days) posted. Questions?

Lecture 14. No in-class files today. Homework 7 (due on Wednesday) and Project 3 (due in 10 days) posted. Questions? Lecture 14 No in-class files today. Homework 7 (due on Wednesday) and Project 3 (due in 10 days) posted. Questions? Friday, February 11 CS 215 Fundamentals of Programming II - Lecture 14 1 Outline Static

More information

CS31 Discussion 1E Spring 17 : week 08

CS31 Discussion 1E Spring 17 : week 08 CS31 Discussion 1E Spring 17 : week 08 TA: Bo-Jhang Ho bojhang@cs.ucla.edu Credit to former TA Chelsea Ju Project 5 - Map cipher to crib Approach 1: For each pair of positions, check two letters in cipher

More information

CS2351 Data Structures. Lecture 7: A Brief Review of Pointers in C

CS2351 Data Structures. Lecture 7: A Brief Review of Pointers in C CS2351 Data Structures Lecture 7: A Brief Review of Pointers in C 1 About this lecture Pointer is a useful object that allows us to access different places in our memory We will review the basic use of

More information

Exercise 1.1 Hello world

Exercise 1.1 Hello world Exercise 1.1 Hello world The goal of this exercise is to verify that computer and compiler setup are functioning correctly. To verify that your setup runs fine, compile and run the hello world example

More information

Object-Oriented Programming, Classes

Object-Oriented Programming, Classes Object-Oriented Programming, Classes Data Processing Course, I. Hrivnacova, IPN Orsay Object-Oriented vs. Procedural Programming Classes and Instances Class Definition Using A Class Data Encapsulation

More information

2.1. Chapter 2: Parts of a C++ Program. Parts of a C++ Program. Introduction to C++ Parts of a C++ Program

2.1. Chapter 2: Parts of a C++ Program. Parts of a C++ Program. Introduction to C++ Parts of a C++ Program Chapter 2: Introduction to C++ 2.1 Parts of a C++ Program Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 2-1 Parts of a C++ Program Parts of a C++ Program // sample C++ program

More information

Pointers. 1 Background. 1.1 Variables and Memory. 1.2 Motivating Pointers Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Pointers. 1 Background. 1.1 Variables and Memory. 1.2 Motivating Pointers Massachusetts Institute of Technology Introduction to C++ Massachusetts Institute of Technology ocw.mit.edu 6.096 Pointers 1 Background 1.1 Variables and Memory When you declare a variable, the computer associates the variable name with a

More information

Short Notes of CS201

Short Notes of CS201 #includes: Short Notes of CS201 The #include directive instructs the preprocessor to read and include a file into a source code file. The file name is typically enclosed with < and > if the file is a system

More information

CSI33 Data Structures

CSI33 Data Structures Outline Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Bronx Community College October 24, 2018 Outline Outline 1 Chapter 8: A C++ Introduction For Python Programmers Expressions and Operator Precedence

More information

CSCI-1200 Data Structures Fall 2017 Lecture 5 Pointers, Arrays, & Pointer Arithmetic

CSCI-1200 Data Structures Fall 2017 Lecture 5 Pointers, Arrays, & Pointer Arithmetic CSCI-1200 Data Structures Fall 2017 Lecture 5 Pointers, Arrays, & Pointer Arithmetic Review from Letctures 3 & 4 C++ class syntax, designing classes, classes vs. structs; Passing comparison functions to

More information

REVIEW. The C++ Programming Language. CS 151 Review #2

REVIEW. The C++ Programming Language. CS 151 Review #2 REVIEW The C++ Programming Language Computer programming courses generally concentrate on program design that can be applied to any number of programming languages on the market. It is imperative, however,

More information

Week 3. Function Definitions. Example: Function. Function Call, Return Statement. Functions & Arrays. Gaddis: Chapters 6 and 7.

Week 3. Function Definitions. Example: Function. Function Call, Return Statement. Functions & Arrays. Gaddis: Chapters 6 and 7. Week 3 Functions & Arrays Gaddis: Chapters 6 and 7 CS 5301 Fall 2015 Jill Seaman 1 Function Definitions! Function definition pattern: datatype identifier (parameter1, parameter2,...) { statements... Where

More information

Functions, Arrays & Structs

Functions, Arrays & Structs Functions, Arrays & Structs Unit 1 Chapters 6-7, 11 Function Definitions! Function definition pattern: datatype identifier (parameter1, parameter2,...) { statements... Where a parameter is: datatype identifier

More information

calling a function - function-name(argument list); y = square ( z ); include parentheses even if parameter list is empty!

calling a function - function-name(argument list); y = square ( z ); include parentheses even if parameter list is empty! Chapter 6 - Functions return type void or a valid data type ( int, double, char, etc) name parameter list void or a list of parameters separated by commas body return keyword required if function returns

More information

CS201 - Introduction to Programming Glossary By

CS201 - Introduction to Programming Glossary By CS201 - Introduction to Programming Glossary By #include : The #include directive instructs the preprocessor to read and include a file into a source code file. The file name is typically enclosed with

More information

More about BOOLEAN issues

More about BOOLEAN issues More about BOOLEAN issues Every boolean test is an implicit comparison against zero (0). However, zero is not a simple concept. It represents: the integer zero for all integral types the floating point

More information

Agenda. The main body and cout. Fundamental data types. Declarations and definitions. Control structures

Agenda. The main body and cout. Fundamental data types. Declarations and definitions. Control structures The main body and cout Agenda 1 Fundamental data types Declarations and definitions Control structures References, pass-by-value vs pass-by-references Memory regions 2 EACH C++ VARIABLE IS STORED IN A

More information

CMSC 202 Midterm Exam 1 Fall 2015

CMSC 202 Midterm Exam 1 Fall 2015 1. (15 points) There are six logic or syntax errors in the following program; find five of them. Circle each of the five errors you find and write the line number and correction in the space provided below.

More information

CS101: Fundamentals of Computer Programming. Dr. Tejada www-bcf.usc.edu/~stejada Week 6: Pointers

CS101: Fundamentals of Computer Programming. Dr. Tejada www-bcf.usc.edu/~stejada Week 6: Pointers CS101: Fundamentals of Computer Programming Dr. Tejada stejada@usc.edu www-bcf.usc.edu/~stejada Week 6: Pointers Pointers Pointers are references to other things Pointers are the address of some other

More information

Exam 3 Chapters 7 & 9

Exam 3 Chapters 7 & 9 Exam 3 Chapters 7 & 9 CSC 2100-002/003 29 Mar 2017 Read through the entire test first BEFORE starting Put your name at the TOP of every page The test has 4 sections worth a total of 100 points o True/False

More information

LECTURE 02 INTRODUCTION TO C++

LECTURE 02 INTRODUCTION TO C++ PowerPoint Slides adapted from *Starting Out with C++: From Control Structures through Objects, 7/E* by *Tony Gaddis* Copyright 2012 Pearson Education Inc. COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LECTURE 02 INTRODUCTION

More information

Cours de C++ Introduction

Cours de C++ Introduction Cours de C++ Introduction Cécile Braunstein cecile.braunstein@lip6.fr Cours de C++ 1 / 20 Généralité Notes Interros cours 1/3 Contrôle TP 1/3 Mini-projet 1/3 Bonus (Note de Participation) jusqu à 2 points

More information

FORM 2 (Please put your name and form # on the scantron!!!!)

FORM 2 (Please put your name and form # on the scantron!!!!) CS 161 Exam 2: FORM 2 (Please put your name and form # on the scantron!!!!) True (A)/False(B) (2 pts each): 1. Recursive algorithms tend to be less efficient than iterative algorithms. 2. A recursive function

More information

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Princes Nora bint Abdul Rahman University College of Computer Since and Information System CS242 ARRAYS

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Princes Nora bint Abdul Rahman University College of Computer Since and Information System CS242 ARRAYS Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Princes Nora bint Abdul Rahman University College of Computer Since and Information System CS242 1 ARRAYS Arrays 2 Arrays Structures of related data items Static entity (same size

More information

Pointers. Lecture 2 Sections Robb T. Koether. Hampden-Sydney College. Fri, Jan 18, 2013

Pointers. Lecture 2 Sections Robb T. Koether. Hampden-Sydney College. Fri, Jan 18, 2013 Pointers Lecture 2 Sections 10.3-10.8 Robb T. Koether Hampden-Sydney College Fri, Jan 18, 2013 Robb T. Koether (Hampden-Sydney College) Pointers Fri, Jan 18, 2013 1 / 35 1 Introduction 2 Pointer Arithmetic

More information

Introduction to Programming using C++

Introduction to Programming using C++ Introduction to Programming using C++ Lecture One: Getting Started Carl Gwilliam gwilliam@hep.ph.liv.ac.uk http://hep.ph.liv.ac.uk/~gwilliam/cppcourse Course Prerequisites What you should already know

More information

15. Pointers, Algorithms, Iterators and Containers II

15. Pointers, Algorithms, Iterators and Containers II 498 Recall: Pointers running over the Array 499 Beispiel 15. Pointers, Algorithms, Iterators and Containers II int a[5] = 3, 4, 6, 1, 2; for (int p = a; p < a+5; ++p) std::cout

More information

Managing Memory. (and low level Data Structures) Lectures 22, 23. Hartmut Kaiser.

Managing Memory. (and low level Data Structures) Lectures 22, 23. Hartmut Kaiser. Managing Memory (and low level Data Structures) Lectures 22, 23 Hartmut Kaiser hkaiser@cct.lsu.edu http://www.cct.lsu.edu/ hkaiser/spring_2015/csc1254.html Programming Principle of the Day Avoid Premature

More information

CS31 Discussion. Jie(Jay) Wang Week8 Nov.18

CS31 Discussion. Jie(Jay) Wang Week8 Nov.18 CS31 Discussion Jie(Jay) Wang Week8 Nov.18 Outline Pointer Struct Memory Management When the program gets executed, it gets some amount of memory allocated for use. memory Program 1 Program 2 Memory Management

More information

Basic program The following is a basic program in C++; Basic C++ Source Code Compiler Object Code Linker (with libraries) Executable

Basic program The following is a basic program in C++; Basic C++ Source Code Compiler Object Code Linker (with libraries) Executable Basic C++ Overview C++ is a version of the older C programming language. This is a language that is used for a wide variety of applications and which has a mature base of compilers and libraries. C++ is

More information

04-24/26 Discussion Notes

04-24/26 Discussion Notes 04-24/26 Discussion Notes PIC 10B Spring 2018 1 When const references should be used and should not be used 1.1 Parameters to constructors We ve already seen code like the following 1 int add10 ( int x

More information

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION A digital computer system consists of hardware and software: The hardware consists of the physical components of the system. The software is the collection of programs that a computer

More information

CSc Introduction to Computing

CSc Introduction to Computing CSc 10200 Introduction to Computing Lecture 2 Edgardo Molina Fall 2011 - City College of New York Thursday, September 1, 2011 Introduction to C++ Modular program: A program consisting of interrelated segments

More information

! A pointer variable (or pointer): ! An asterisk is used to define a pointer variable. ! ptr is a pointer to an int or

! A pointer variable (or pointer): ! An asterisk is used to define a pointer variable. ! ptr is a pointer to an int or Ch 9. Pointers CS 2308 Spring 2014 Jill Seaman 1 A Quote A pointer is a variable that contains the address of a variable. Pointers are much used in C, partly because they are sometimes the only way to

More information

Pointers. Lecture 2 Sections Robb T. Koether. Hampden-Sydney College. Mon, Jan 20, 2014

Pointers. Lecture 2 Sections Robb T. Koether. Hampden-Sydney College. Mon, Jan 20, 2014 Pointers Lecture 2 Sections 10.3-10.8 Robb T. Koether Hampden-Sydney College Mon, Jan 20, 2014 Robb T. Koether (Hampden-Sydney College) Pointers Mon, Jan 20, 2014 1 / 35 1 Endianness 2 Pointer Arithmetic

More information

Computer Programming : C++

Computer Programming : C++ The Islamic University of Gaza Engineering Faculty Department of Computer Engineering Fall 2017 ECOM 2003 Muath i.alnabris Computer Programming : C++ Experiment #1 Basics Contents Structure of a program

More information

OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING LAB 1 REVIEW THE STRUCTURE OF A C/C++ PROGRAM. TESTING PROGRAMMING SKILLS. COMPARISON BETWEEN PROCEDURAL PROGRAMMING AND OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING Course basics The Object

More information

CSCE 206: Structured Programming in C++

CSCE 206: Structured Programming in C++ CSCE 206: Structured Programming in C++ 2017 Spring Exam 3 Monday, April 17, 2017 Total - 100 Points B Instructions: Total of 11 pages, including this cover and the last page. Before starting the exam,

More information

CSCE 206: Structured Programming in C++

CSCE 206: Structured Programming in C++ CSCE 206: Structured Programming in C++ 2017 Spring Exam 3 Monday, April 17, 2017 Total - 100 Points A Instructions: Total of 11 pages, including this cover and the last page. Before starting the exam,

More information

Professor Terje Haukaas University of British Columbia, Vancouver C++ Programming

Professor Terje Haukaas University of British Columbia, Vancouver  C++ Programming C++ Programming C++ code is essentially a collection of statements terminated by a semicolon, such as (spaces not needed): a = b + c; Most C++ code is organized into header files and cpp files, i.e., C++

More information

CS 103 Unit 13 Slides

CS 103 Unit 13 Slides 1 CS 103 Unit 13 Slides C++ References Mark Redekopp 2 Swap Two Variables Classic example of issues with local variables: Write a function to swap two variables Pass-b-value doesn t work Cop is made of

More information

Pointers and Arrays CS 201. This slide set covers pointers and arrays in C++. You should read Chapter 8 from your Deitel & Deitel book.

Pointers and Arrays CS 201. This slide set covers pointers and arrays in C++. You should read Chapter 8 from your Deitel & Deitel book. Pointers and Arrays CS 201 This slide set covers pointers and arrays in C++. You should read Chapter 8 from your Deitel & Deitel book. Pointers Powerful but difficult to master Used to simulate pass-by-reference

More information

Review. Outline. Array Pointer Object-Oriented Programming. Fall 2013 CISC2200 Yanjun Li 1. Fall 2013 CISC2200 Yanjun Li 2

Review. Outline. Array Pointer Object-Oriented Programming. Fall 2013 CISC2200 Yanjun Li 1. Fall 2013 CISC2200 Yanjun Li 2 Review Fall 2013 CISC2200 Yanjun Li 1 Outline Array Pointer Object-Oriented Programming Fall 2013 CISC2200 Yanjun Li 2 1 Array Arrays are data structures containing related data items of same type. An

More information

Computer Systems Principles. C Pointers

Computer Systems Principles. C Pointers Computer Systems Principles C Pointers 1 Learning Objectives Learn about floating point number Learn about typedef, enum, and union Learn and understand pointers 2 FLOATING POINT NUMBER 3 IEEE Floating

More information

Structured Programming Using C++ Lecture 2 : Introduction to the C++ Language. Dr. Amal Khalifa. Lecture Contents:

Structured Programming Using C++ Lecture 2 : Introduction to the C++ Language. Dr. Amal Khalifa. Lecture Contents: Structured Programming Using C++ Lecture 2 : Introduction to the C++ Language Dr. Amal Khalifa Lecture Contents: Introduction to C++ Origins Object-Oriented Programming, Terms Libraries and Namespaces

More information

Review. Outline. Array Pointer Object-Oriented Programming. Fall 2017 CISC2200 Yanjun Li 1. Fall 2017 CISC2200 Yanjun Li 2

Review. Outline. Array Pointer Object-Oriented Programming. Fall 2017 CISC2200 Yanjun Li 1. Fall 2017 CISC2200 Yanjun Li 2 Review Fall 2017 CISC2200 Yanjun Li 1 Outline Array Pointer Object-Oriented Programming Fall 2017 CISC2200 Yanjun Li 2 1 Computer Fall 2017 CISC2200 Yanjun Li 3 Array Arrays are data structures containing

More information

Variables. Data Types.

Variables. Data Types. Variables. Data Types. The usefulness of the "Hello World" programs shown in the previous section is quite questionable. We had to write several lines of code, compile them, and then execute the resulting

More information