APS105 Winter Jonathan Deber jdeber -at- cs -dot- toronto -dot- edu. Lecture 5 January 25, 2012
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1 APS105 Winter 2012 Jonathan Deber jdeber -at- cs -dot- toronto -dot- edu Lecture 5 January 25, 2012
2 Today Reading Input More Conversion Specifiers 2
3 Constants and Style Magic Number Bad Style!"#$%&#'()*+',!"#$%&#'-.)/0)12-/)23'456!"#$%&#'-71+-8'96 Bad Style Evil 3
4 Style Two audiences: Compiler Other people (includes yourself in the future) 4
5 ''''''''''''%&:'''''''''''''''<M4BN'''''''''''''''''''O'M'''''''''4BN'''OPQ 'PR'''DDD'''DDD'''.12S).LTD'''EIQHLFAUU'''UV6WNXYFU'''UXU'''UXU'''UZU'''UTV Y<U'''UYU'''U:U'''''''''U[U'''''''''U\U'''''''''U;U'''''''''U&U'''''''''P]M 'OA'''U^U'''U?:_$:"`U'''UX"E_`#;U'''U"X_aE_&&T$UKLL'''LLL'''LKU:Vb,bV:UDEc %&:''';'P'''''''''%&:'''''''''\de'''''''''''''''''''''\f<'''M;O'''''''''M\g '6O'''hA4P<M;OM\g6O'i''',jf.OM\g6'''O'i'''6BOOdkbkbD;f<M;'''g6OM\OhA6'''P<M ';g'''''''''''''''6om'''\oi''''''''',jf'''''''''''''''.g6'''om\'''''''''oi 6BO'''OdkbkbD\G'''4BB'''f<M''';OM\l6OhAjP<M;OM\l6Oi''',jf'''.OM'''\l6Oi6BOO dkb'''''''''kbd''''''''';'g'''''''''''''''4bb'''f<m''';l6'''''''''om\'''oha,p<m;l6om'''\oi,jf.l6om\oi6boodkbkbd.om'''\oi'''6bo'''oddme;ceiqhlxde'''h#:;h& 'LX'''''''''''''''fE;'''cXl'''''''''6di'''''''''6fX'''MbO'''''''''''''''llk XMb'''Ogg'''k6D'''m"c'''%&:''';'P'''%&:KLLK\P'''%&:KLLKYP'''%&:'''nde'''%&: %&:'''$A8'''''''''''''''gco'''JJ6'''dDD'''''''''''''''TI%F#c;_A'''''''''Yde 'OM'''''''''''''''\Oi'''N,f'''Nbk''''''''',Nd'''''''''D%$'''''''''c<M''';OM 'c\'''_an'''''''''de$'''jab'''''''''f;'''lapp'''''''''''''''$ga'''''''''8kb 'OM'''''''''''''''''''''\Oi'''''''''6Nd'''eEc''';P\'''''''''''''''''''''dD ''D'''H#:;H&DDDmmmm^c'''%&:KLLKQP'''%&:'''Rde'''m#c'''%&:KLLKnP%&:KLLK''Yde %&:'''''''''''''''%'D'''''''''$>H'''''''''c%A'''''''''QD%'''''''''''''''GAQ lpd%lld"cnpyp%prdp"cnpyp%prlqdd$>hc%ard%garlqd%lld"cnpypqp%dp"cnpypql'''pp% 'dd'''''''''''''''''''''ddd'''''''''ddd'''''''''ddd'''''''''''''''ddd'''d ddm'''''''''''''<q%&c'''''''''%&:'''''''''''''''r'p'''eiqh''''''''''''''l=m ''O'''de(1q3L$A'''$>?#&crAA6fUQHQEI&%"5EUKLLK'''k=M'''6OPUHUdD%&:KLLKYPnPEP ''c'''9bbp''9bb'''''''''''''''d'd'''$>h'''''''''cya'''4bb'''d'y'''jab'''dygg arachnid by ''c'''cea'''''''''''''''''''''''''''$s#:e'c$d'''dl6d''''''''''''''''''''e%$c Nick Johnson, IOCCC 2004
6 ">'e ''''\lld ''''<\TQ""EI'cTP'nPY'P<MYOM'nOi'94f'<MY'OMn'O'i'6Nf'bh ''''EAAb6N9ii_c<MYOMnl6Oi6Ndfnllk'bD ''''E'AA'66C'ii_'c<M'YOM'ng'6Oi'6Nd'fnggkbD ''''D ''''E'AACW'ii_c<MYg6OMnOi6NdfYggkbD ''''EAA6bbii_c<MYl6'OM'nOi'6Nd'f'Y'llkb'D ''''%$c'eaa'9g'6l6'd'e ''''''''#&"T%&c'dD ''''''''D ''''''''H#:;H&cbd'D ''''m ''''Y'gQGBfQJpg'BfQgApgBkcQAbdkbD ''''Y'gQJ'pgBfQG4BB'gpL'4fQ'lApgBkcQA4BNgpdkbD ''''ngrgbfrjqgbfrgaqgbkcr'abd'kbd ''''ngrjqgbfrg4bbgq'l4frla'qgb'kcr'a4bngqd'kbd ''''#cypndd ''''%$c<myomnoin,drh#qzd m'ti%f#cceas#:eicdd_ag6dd arachnid by Nick Johnson, IOCCC
7 Good Variable Names Be clear (and use conventions) Don t abbreviate too much &@ vs. &;<p:;"#&:@ Don t be too verbose &;<R#H)$p:;"#&:@-IQ:vH#1&-I#=FQ@@v:-I%@-%<# Use an initial comment %&:'&;<p:;"#&:@d''kk'2;<r#h'>$'@:;"#&:@'#&h>ff#"'%&'efq@@5 It takes practice 7
8 Reading Input 8
9 @EQ&$ Reads formatted input address of operator Takes input, interprets and stores it Usually paired with?h%&:$ prompt 9
10 Multiple Variables Multiple variables separated by whitespace ####%" T%":Ik I#%sI:k "#?:Ik b b b 4b 9b,b 10
11 Multiple Variables Multiple variables separated by whitespace ####%" T%":Ik I#%sI:k "#?:Ik b b b 4b 9b,b!" $" %"!" $" %" 10
12 Invalid Input T%":Ik I#%sI:k "#?:Ik b b b 4 11
13 Invalid Input t4t t't tqt t't t9t t't t,t t t T%":Ik b I#%sI:kb "#?:Ik b 12
14 Invalid Input t4t t't tqt t't t9t t't t,t t t T%":Ik b I#%sI:kb "#?:Ik b 12
15 Invalid Input T%":Ik b I#%sI:kb "#?:Ik b 4 t4t t't tqt t't t9t t't t,t t t 12
16 Invalid Input T%":Ik b I#%sI:kb "#?:Ik b 4 t4t t't tqt t't t9t t't t,t t t 12
17 Invalid Input t4t t't tqt t't t9t t't t,t t t T%":Ik I#%sI:k "#?:Ik Yk nk b b b b b 4 12
18 Invalid Input T%":Ik I#%sI:k "#?:Ik 4'' '' '' 13
19 Format Strings Other characters can be present 14
20 Format Specifiers %&: w" ">;RF# wf$ (different than?h%&:$!) char %c Doesn t skip whitespace 15
21 @EQ&$ does not skip whitespace for we $" %"!" $" %" T%":Ik 4b I#%sI:k9b "#?:Ik,b '() <%""F#k x v S 16
22 @EQ&$ does not skip whitespace for we $" %"!" $" %" T%":Ik 4b I#%sI:k9b "#?:Ik,b '() ' ( ) $%H@:k x <%""F#kv FQ@:k S 16
23 Skipping Whitespace ' ( ) $%H@:k x <%""F#kv FQ@:k S ' ( ) $%H@:k x <%""F#kv FQ@:k S 17
24 ' ' <%""F#k' ' txt t t 18
25 x' ' <%""F#k' ' txt t t 18
26 x' ' <%""F#k ' ' txt t t 18
27 x' ' <%""F#k ' ' txt t t 18
28 x' ' ) <%""F#k ' FQ@:k ' txt t t tst t t 18
29 x' ' ) <%""F#k ' FQ@:k S' txt t t tst t t 18
30 x' ' ) <%""F#k ' FQ@:k S' txt t t tst t t 18
31 @EQ&$ Is a bit awkward Not really designed for human use We ll see some better alternatives later 19
32 Customizing?H%&:$ Conversion Specifiers 20
33 %&:'%'A'9D?H%&:$cUhw"h'V&UP'%dD?H%&:$cUhwj54"h'V&UP'%dD?H%&:$cUhwj"h'V&UP'%dD?H%&:$cUhw54"h'V&UP'%dD '''' ">;RF#'"'A',5BNWD?H%&:$cUhwsh'V&UP'"dD?H%&:$cUhwj54sh'V&UP'"dD?H%&:$cUhwjsh'V&UP'"dD?H%&:$cUhw54sh'V&UP'"dD h9h' h''''''b9h' h'''''''9h' hb9h h,5bnwh' h''''',5nh' h''',5bnwh' h,5nh 21
34 wj54" width type precision 22
35 Width Same meaning for all conversion specifiers Indicates the minimum number of characters to use %&:'%'A'9,BD?H%&:$cUhw"h'V&UP'%dD?H%&:$cUhwj"h'V&UP'%dD?H%&:$cUhw4"h'V&UP'%dD ">;RF#'"'A',5BNWD?H%&:$cUhwsh'V&UP'"dD?H%&:$cUhwjsh'V&UP'"dD?H%&:$cUhw4sh'V&UP'"dD h9,bh' h'''''9,bh' h9,bh h,5bnwh' h''',5bnwh' h,5bnwh 23
36 Precision Different specifiers interpret it differently w" ws w$ 24
37 Precision (w") For w", it s the minimum number of digits %&:'%'A'9,BD?H%&:$cUhw"h'V&UP'%dD?H%&:$cUhw5j"h'V&UP'%dD?H%&:$cUhw54"h'V&UP'%dD h9,bh' hbbbbb9,bh' h9,bh 25
38 Precision (ws) For ws, it s the maximum number of significant digits ">;RF#'"'A',5BNWD?H%&:$cUhwsh'V&UP'"dD?H%&:$cUhw5jsh'V&UP'"dD?H%&:$cUhw54sh'V&UP'"dD ">;RF#'#'A'45CCWC4,Bj#jD?H%&:$cUhwsh'V&UP'#dD?H%&:$cUhw56bsh'V&UP'#dD?H%&:$cUhw5,sh'V&UP'#dD h,5bnwh' h,5bnwh' h,5nh h45ccwc4#lbjh' h4ccwc4,bjh' h45ccj#lbjh' 26
39 Precision (w$) For w$, it s the exact number of digits after the decimal ">;RF#'"'A',5BNWD By default, w$ means w5n$ ">;RF#'#'A'45CCWC4,Bj#jD?H%&:$cUhw$h'V&UP'"dD?H%&:$cUhw$h'V&UP'#dD?H%&:$cUhw5j$h'V&UP'"dD?H%&:$cUhw5j$h'V&UP'#dD?H%&:$cUhw56$h'V&UP'"dD?H%&:$cUhw56$h'V&UP'#dD h,5bnwbbbh' h4ccwc4,bj5bbbbbbh ' h,5bnwbbbbbh' h4ccwc4,bj5bbbbbbbbh ' h,5nh' h4ccwc4,bj5bh 27
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