The C Preprocessor (and more)!
|
|
- Cody Gibson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The C Preprocessor (and more)! Peter Kristensen Peter Kristensen The C Preprocessor (and more)!
2 Outline 1 C Pre Processor Compiler Assembler Linker Frontend 2 Simple directives Headers Macros 3 4 Trigraphs Digraphs Peter Kristensen The C Preprocessor (and more)!
3 Overview 1 C Pre Processor Compiler Assembler Linker Frontend 2 Simple directives Headers Macros 3 4 Trigraphs Digraphs C Pre Processor Compiler Assembler Linker Frontend 3 / 30
4 cpp (gcc -E) C Pre Processor Compiler Assembler Linker Frontend cpp is not to be confused with c++ is run before the compiler handles lines starting with # include files expand macros remove comments... and more 4 / 30
5 cc1 C Pre Processor Compiler Assembler Linker Frontend The real C compiler Almost never invoked manually Only understands preprocessed C Creates assembler code 5 / 30
6 as C Pre Processor Compiler Assembler Linker Frontend Complies assembler to native code Creates object files Inserts placeholders for external code 6 / 30
7 ld C Pre Processor Compiler Assembler Linker Frontend Combine object files Replaces placeholders with address of code in other object files Creates an executable If all symbols are well-defined 7 / 30
8 gcc C Pre Processor Compiler Assembler Linker Frontend gcc - the project - is a collection of tools cpp, cc1, as, ld, and more gcc - the command - is a frontend for these tools gcc -v shows how it invokes the different tools 8 / 30
9 Overview 1 C Pre Processor Compiler Assembler Linker Frontend 2 Simple directives Headers Macros 3 4 Trigraphs Digraphs Simple directives Headers Macros 9 / 30
10 Simple directives Simple directives Headers Macros #define / #undef Used to define stuff #define DEBUG 1 debug will now be replaced with 1 Can be defined using arguments to gcc gcc -DDEBUG=1 #if / #else / #endif Can be used to conditionally add / remove code #if DEBUG printf("doing stuff\n"); #endif 10 / 30
11 Header files Simple directives Headers Macros #include inserts the content of any file By convention:.h files declares functions.c files defines functions A declaration is done using a function prototype int add(int a, int b); The prototype enabled the compiler to issue warnings and errors. e.g. add(1,2,3) doesn t match the prototype, so it s illegal. error: too many arguments to function add Without the prototype, the call would be a warning instead of an error (-Wall) 11 / 30
12 Simple directives Headers Macros Macros Macros are based on the #define syntax A macro is a meta function, executed by the preprocessor at compile time With great power comes great responsibility 12 / 30
13 Some Macros Simple directives Headers Macros Conditional debugging #if DO_DEBUG #define DEBUG(x) printf("%s\n",x) #else #define DEBUG(x) #endif If DO_DEBUG is defined, DEBUG(x) will print a debug string, otherwise nothing SQUARE(x) x*x Lets the compiler calculate constants for us, saving CPU at runtime! 13 / 30
14 Simple directives Headers Macros Precedence Rules Macros are expanded by the preprocessor, so they have the highest precedence SQUARE(5) = 5*5 = 25 SQUARE(1+2) = 1+2*1+2 = 5!= 9 Can be omitted using parentheses #define SQUARE(x) (x)*(x) SQUARE(1+2) = (1+2)*(1+2) = 9 14 / 30
15 Simple directives Headers Macros Multi lines macros #define HELPER(x) \ help1(x); \ help2(x) Call with HELPER(1); Can go very wrong! if (0) HELPER(42); This will call help2 because the first ; ends the if. 15 / 30
16 Safe macros Simple directives Headers Macros #define HELPER(x) \ do { \ help1(x); \ help2(x); \ } while (0) Wrap the macro in a do while to get a block around it Better solution for modern compilers: inline inline void HELPER(int x) { help1(x); help2(x); } By using inline the compiler knows it should try to optimize the function away 16 / 30
17 Predefined macros Simple directives Headers Macros FILE, LINE, func E.g. #define DEBUG() \ %s\n", FILE, \ LINE, func ) Will print the file, the line and the function where the DEBUG() call was made DATE, TIME When the file was compiled GNUC the major version of gcc (if gcc is used) linux, APPLE What OS More: echo gcc -dm -E - 17 / 30
18 Textify and Concat Simple directives Headers Macros A single # converts a argument to a string #define TEST(x) printf(#x) TEST(hest); Becomes printf("hest"); A double ## will concatenate a argument with text #define TEST(x) int test_##x = 42 TEST(hest); Becomes test_hest = 42; 18 / 30
19 Simple directives Headers Macros X-Macro Keep a list of definitions and use it multiple times Each line in the definition file calls a macro with some arguments Before including the definitions file, define a macro to use the definitions Can be done multiple times by redefining the macro and including the file again 19 / 30
20 X-Macro Sample Simple directives Headers Macros xm.def CASE(test, 42) CASE(hest, 12) c source #define CASE(x,y) printf("%s = %d\n",#x,y); #include "xm.def" This will expand to printf("%s = %d\n","test",42); printf("%s = %d\n","hest",12); 20 / 30
21 Overview 1 C Pre Processor Compiler Assembler Linker Frontend 2 Simple directives Headers Macros 3 4 Trigraphs Digraphs 21 / 30
22 Often needed for callbacks int pthread_create(pthread_t * restrict, const pthread_attr_t * restrict, void *(*)(void *), void * restrict); WTF? void *(*)(void *) 22 / 30
23 Pointer summary int a; int variable 23 / 30
24 Pointer summary int a; int variable int* b; pointer to int variable 23 / 30
25 Pointer summary int a; int variable int* b; pointer to int variable int *b; whitespace are ignored 23 / 30
26 Pointer summary int a; int variable int* b; pointer to int variable int *b; whitespace are ignored int** c; pointer to pointer to int variable 23 / 30
27 Pointer summary int a; int variable int* b; pointer to int variable int *b; whitespace are ignored int** c; pointer to pointer to int variable int **c; or. int* *c; still ignoring whitespace 23 / 30
28 Pointer summary int a; int variable int* b; pointer to int variable int *b; whitespace are ignored int** c; pointer to pointer to int variable int **c; or. int* *c; still ignoring whitespace void* d; pointer to something Need a typecase to work E.g. b = (int*)d; 23 / 30
29 Back to function pointers int add2(int a) { return a+2; } int (*foo)(int); a function pointer named foo, points to a function taking a int, and returning a int. foo = add2; foo now points to add2 int x = foo(40); is now the same as: int x = add2(40); 24 / 30
30 How to read (and other C declerations) int (*foo)(int); A variable Start in the middle: foo 25 / 30
31 How to read (and other C declerations) int (*foo)(int); A variable Start in the middle: foo Read right until the first parentheses: nothing 25 / 30
32 How to read (and other C declerations) int (*foo)(int); A variable Start in the middle: foo Read right until the first parentheses: nothing Read left until the first parentheses: * pointer 25 / 30
33 How to read (and other C declerations) int (*foo)(int); A variable Start in the middle: foo Read right until the first parentheses: nothing Read left until the first parentheses: * pointer Read right again: (int) function takeing a integer. 25 / 30
34 How to read (and other C declerations) int (*foo)(int); A variable Start in the middle: foo Read right until the first parentheses: nothing Read left until the first parentheses: * pointer Read right again: (int) function takeing a integer. Read left again: int returning a integer. 25 / 30
35 How to read (and other C declerations) int (*foo)(int); A variable Start in the middle: foo Read right until the first parentheses: nothing Read left until the first parentheses: * pointer Read right again: (int) function takeing a integer. Read left again: int returning a integer. concat what you read: foo pointer to function taking a integer and returning a integer. 25 / 30
36 Lets do that again! void *(*)(void *) A type The middle: nothing (meaning unnamed argument) 26 / 30
37 Lets do that again! void *(*)(void *) A type The middle: nothing (meaning unnamed argument) Right: nothing 26 / 30
38 Lets do that again! void *(*)(void *) A type The middle: nothing (meaning unnamed argument) Right: nothing Left: * pointer 26 / 30
39 Lets do that again! void *(*)(void *) A type The middle: nothing (meaning unnamed argument) Right: nothing Left: * pointer Right: (void *) function taking a void pointer argument 26 / 30
40 Lets do that again! void *(*)(void *) A type The middle: nothing (meaning unnamed argument) Right: nothing Left: * pointer Right: (void *) function taking a void pointer argument Left: void * returning void* 26 / 30
41 Lets do that again! void *(*)(void *) A type The middle: nothing (meaning unnamed argument) Right: nothing Left: * pointer Right: (void *) function taking a void pointer argument Left: void * returning void* a pointer to a function which takes one void pointer argument and returns a void pointer. 26 / 30
42 Lets do that again! void *(*)(void *) A type The middle: nothing (meaning unnamed argument) Right: nothing Left: * pointer Right: (void *) function taking a void pointer argument Left: void * returning void* a pointer to a function which takes one void pointer argument and returns a void pointer. E.g. void* bar(void* hest) {} 26 / 30
43 Calling pthread_create int pthread_create(pthread_t * restrict, const pthread_attr_t * restrict, void *(*)(void *), void * restrict); Argument 3 is a function pointer to a function taking void* as it s argument void* baz(void* k) { // h e l l o world } int main(...) { pthread_t thread; pthread_create(&thread, NULL, baz, NULL); } Demo! 27 / 30
44 Overview 1 C Pre Processor Compiler Assembler Linker Frontend 2 Simple directives Headers Macros 3 4 Trigraphs Digraphs Trigraphs Digraphs 28 / 30
45 Trigraphs Trigraphs Digraphs Trigraphs: When times began, 7-bit characters was enough for everybody... except outside The U.S. Some keyboards have local characters instead of special characters. Therefore, ANSI created a way to express these characters using the standard characters Trigraph Equivalent??= #??/????( [??) ]??!??< {??> }??- 29 / 30
46 Digraphs Trigraphs Digraphs Trigraphs was too weird Digraphs was introduced Only 2 characters for most graphs Digraphs and Trigraphs are mostly useless Unless you have a weird keyboard Cheap obfuscation! Digraphs Digraph Equivalent <: [ :> ] <% { %> } %: # 30 / 30
Compiler Theory. (GCC the GNU Compiler Collection) Sandro Spina 2009
Compiler Theory (GCC the GNU Compiler Collection) Sandro Spina 2009 GCC Probably the most used compiler. Not only a native compiler but it can also cross-compile any program, producing executables for
More information0x0d2C May your signals all trap May your references be bounded All memory aligned Floats to ints round. remember...
Types Page 1 "ode to C" Monday, September 18, 2006 4:09 PM 0x0d2C ------ May your signals all trap May your references be bounded All memory aligned Floats to ints round remember... Non -zero is true ++
More information#include <stdio.h> int main() { printf ("hello class\n"); return 0; }
C #include int main() printf ("hello class\n"); return 0; Working environment Linux, gcc We ll work with c9.io website, which works with ubuntu I recommend to install ubuntu too Also in tirgul
More informationC: Program Structure. Department of Computer Science College of Engineering Boise State University. September 11, /13
Department of Computer Science College of Engineering Boise State University September 11, 2017 1/13 Scope Variables and functions are visible from the point they are defined until the end of the source
More informationHave examined process Creating program Have developed program Written in C Source code
Preprocessing, Compiling, Assembling, and Linking Introduction In this lesson will examine Architecture of C program Introduce C preprocessor and preprocessor directives How to use preprocessor s directives
More informationSlide Set 5. for ENCM 339 Fall Steve Norman, PhD, PEng. Electrical & Computer Engineering Schulich School of Engineering University of Calgary
Slide Set 5 for ENCM 339 Fall 2016 Steve Norman, PhD, PEng Electrical & Computer Engineering Schulich School of Engineering University of Calgary October 2016 ENCM 339 Fall 2016 Slide Set 5 slide 2/32
More informationTopic 6: A Quick Intro To C. Reading. "goto Considered Harmful" History
Topic 6: A Quick Intro To C Reading Assumption: All of you know basic Java. Much of C syntax is the same. Also: Some of you have used C or C++. Goal for this topic: you can write & run a simple C program
More informationChapter 7: Preprocessing Directives
Chapter 7: Preprocessing Directives Outline We will only cover these topics in Chapter 7, the remain ones are optional. Introduction Symbolic Constants and Macros Source File Inclusion Conditional Compilation
More informationENCM 501 Winter 2019 Assignment 9
page 1 of 6 ENCM 501 Winter 2019 Assignment 9 Steve Norman Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Calgary April 2019 Assignment instructions and other documents for ENCM 501 can
More informationGabriel Hugh Elkaim Spring CMPE 013/L: C Programming. CMPE 013/L: C Programming
1 2 CMPE 013/L Pre Processor Commands Gabriel Hugh Elkaim Spring 2013 3 Introduction Preprocessing Affect program preprocessing and execution Capabilities Inclusion of additional C source files Definition
More informationpthreads CS449 Fall 2017
pthreads CS449 Fall 2017 POSIX Portable Operating System Interface Standard interface between OS and program UNIX-derived OSes mostly follow POSIX Linux, macos, Android, etc. Windows requires separate
More informationHello, World! in C. Johann Myrkraverk Oskarsson October 23, The Quintessential Example Program 1. I Printing Text 2. II The Main Function 3
Hello, World! in C Johann Myrkraverk Oskarsson October 23, 2018 Contents 1 The Quintessential Example Program 1 I Printing Text 2 II The Main Function 3 III The Header Files 4 IV Compiling and Running
More informationA Fast Review of C Essentials Part II
A Fast Review of C Essentials Part II Structural Programming by Z. Cihan TAYSI Outline Macro processing Macro substitution Removing a macro definition Macros vs. functions Built-in macros Conditional compilation
More informationC Review. MaxMSP Developers Workshop Summer 2009 CNMAT
C Review MaxMSP Developers Workshop Summer 2009 CNMAT C Syntax Program control (loops, branches): Function calls Math: +, -, *, /, ++, -- Variables, types, structures, assignment Pointers and memory (***
More informationLecture 03 Bits, Bytes and Data Types
Lecture 03 Bits, Bytes and Data Types Computer Languages A computer language is a language that is used to communicate with a machine. Like all languages, computer languages have syntax (form) and semantics
More informationBasic C Programming. Bin Li Assistant Professor Dept. of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering University of Rhode Island
Basic C Programming Bin Li Assistant Professor Dept. of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering University of Rhode Island Announcements Exam 1 (20%): Feb. 27 (Tuesday) Tentative Proposal Deadline:
More informationFinal CSE 131B Spring 2004
Login name Signature Name Student ID Final CSE 131B Spring 2004 Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 (25 points) (24 points) (32 points) (24 points) (28 points) (26 points) (22 points)
More informationBruce Merry. IOI Training Dec 2013
IOI Training Dec 2013 Outline 1 2 3 Outline 1 2 3 You can check that something is true using assert: #include int main() { assert(1 == 2); } Output: test_assert: test_assert.cpp:4: int main():
More informationTopic 6: A Quick Intro To C
Topic 6: A Quick Intro To C Assumption: All of you know Java. Much of C syntax is the same. Also: Many of you have used C or C++. Goal for this topic: you can write & run a simple C program basic functions
More informationJTSK Programming in C II C-Lab II. Lecture 3 & 4
JTSK-320112 Programming in C II C-Lab II Lecture 3 & 4 Xu (Owen) He Spring 2018 Slides modified from Dr. Kinga Lipskoch Planned Syllabus The C Preprocessor Bit Operations Pointers and Arrays (Dynamically
More informationOBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING USING C++
OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING USING C++ Chapter 17 - The Preprocessor Outline 17.1 Introduction 17.2 The #include Preprocessor Directive 17.3 The #define Preprocessor Directive: Symbolic Constants 17.4 The
More informationException Namespaces C Interoperability Templates. More C++ David Chisnall. March 17, 2011
More C++ David Chisnall March 17, 2011 Exceptions A more fashionable goto Provides a second way of sending an error condition up the stack until it can be handled Lets intervening stack frames ignore errors
More informationC for C++ Programmers
C for C++ Programmers CS230/330 - Operating Systems (Winter 2001). The good news is that C syntax is almost identical to that of C++. However, there are many things you're used to that aren't available
More informationA software view. Computer Systems. The Compilation system. How it works. 1. Preprocesser. 1. Preprocessor (cpp)
A software view User Interface Computer Systems MTSU CSCI 3240 Spring 2016 Dr. Hyrum D. Carroll Materials from CMU and Dr. Butler How it works hello.c #include int main() { printf( hello, world\n
More informationPrograms. Function main. C Refresher. CSCI 4061 Introduction to Operating Systems
Programs CSCI 4061 Introduction to Operating Systems C Program Structure Libraries and header files Compiling and building programs Executing and debugging Instructor: Abhishek Chandra Assume familiarity
More informationCSE 374 Programming Concepts & Tools. Brandon Myers Winter 2015 C: Linked list, casts, the rest of the preprocessor (Thanks to Hal Perkins)
CSE 374 Programming Concepts & Tools Brandon Myers Winter 2015 C: Linked list, casts, the rest of the preprocessor (Thanks to Hal Perkins) Linked lists, trees, and friends Very, very common data structures
More informationCS 326 Operating Systems C Programming. Greg Benson Department of Computer Science University of San Francisco
CS 326 Operating Systems C Programming Greg Benson Department of Computer Science University of San Francisco Why C? Fast (good optimizing compilers) Not too high-level (Java, Python, Lisp) Not too low-level
More informationemacs customisation ($HOME/.emacs)
emacs customisation ($HOME/.emacs) slide 1 ;; F5 loads in the.gdbinit file ready for debugging ioquake (defun my-find-file-debug () "load a file" (interactive) (find-file (concat (getenv "HOME") "/Sandpit/ioquake-latest/ioquake3/.gdbinit")))
More informationC Programming Review CSC 4320/6320
C Programming Review CSC 4320/6320 Overview Introduction C program Structure Keywords & C Types Input & Output Arrays Functions Pointers Structures LinkedList Dynamic Memory Allocation Macro Compile &
More informationModifiers. int foo(int x) { static int y=0; /* value of y is saved */ y = x + y + 7; /* across invocations of foo */ return y; }
Modifiers unsigned. For example unsigned int would have a range of [0..2 32 1] on a 32-bit int machine. const Constant or read-only. Same as final in Java. static Similar to static in Java but not the
More informationCS16 Week 2 Part 2. Kyle Dewey. Thursday, July 5, 12
CS16 Week 2 Part 2 Kyle Dewey Overview Type coercion and casting More on assignment Pre/post increment/decrement scanf Constants Math library Errors Type Coercion / Casting Last time... Data is internally
More informationTutorial 1: Introduction to C Computer Architecture and Systems Programming ( )
Systems Group Department of Computer Science ETH Zürich Tutorial 1: Introduction to C Computer Architecture and Systems Programming (252-0061-00) Herbstsemester 2012 Goal Quick introduction to C Enough
More informationProgram Translation. text. text. binary. binary. C program (p1.c) Compiler (gcc -S) Asm code (p1.s) Assembler (gcc or as) Object code (p1.
Program Translation Compilation & Linking 1 text C program (p1.c) Compiler (gcc -S) text Asm code (p1.s) binary binary Assembler (gcc or as) Object code (p1.o) Linker (gccor ld) Executable program (p)
More informationCOSC 2P91. Bringing it all together... Week 4b. Brock University. Brock University (Week 4b) Bringing it all together... 1 / 22
COSC 2P91 Bringing it all together... Week 4b Brock University Brock University (Week 4b) Bringing it all together... 1 / 22 A note on practicality and program design... Writing a single, monolithic source
More information1 You seek performance 3
Why? 2 1 You seek performance 3 1 You seek performance zero-overhead principle 4 2 You seek to interface directly with hardware 5 3 That s kinda it 6 C a nice way to avoid writing assembly language directly
More informationCSE 374 Programming Concepts & Tools
CSE 374 Programming Concepts & Tools Hal Perkins Fall 2017 Lecture 8 C: Miscellanea Control, Declarations, Preprocessor, printf/scanf 1 The story so far The low-level execution model of a process (one
More informationQ1: /8 Q2: /30 Q3: /30 Q4: /32. Total: /100
ECE 2035(A) Programming for Hardware/Software Systems Fall 2013 Exam Three November 20 th 2013 Name: Q1: /8 Q2: /30 Q3: /30 Q4: /32 Total: /100 1/10 For functional call related questions, let s assume
More informationPractical C Issues:! Preprocessor Directives, Multi-file Development, Makefiles. CS449 Fall 2017
Practical C Issues:! Preprocessor Directives, Multi-file Development, Makefiles CS449 Fall 2017 Multi-file Development Multi-file Development Why break code into multiple source files? Parallel development
More informationCS3157: Advanced Programming. Outline
CS3157: Advanced Programming Lecture #8 Feb 27 Shlomo Hershkop shlomo@cs.columbia.edu 1 Outline More c Preprocessor Bitwise operations Character handling Math/random Review for midterm Reading: k&r ch
More informationC Programming for Engineers Functions
C Programming for Engineers Functions ICEN 360 Spring 2017 Prof. Dola Saha 1 Introduction Real world problems are larger, more complex Top down approach Modularize divide and control Easier to track smaller
More informationthe gamedesigninitiative at cornell university Lecture 7 C++ Overview
Lecture 7 Lecture 7 So You Think You Know C++ Most of you are experienced Java programmers Both in 2110 and several upper-level courses If you saw C++, was likely in a systems course Java was based on
More informationELEC 377 C Programming Tutorial. ELEC Operating Systems
ELE 377 Programming Tutorial Outline! Short Introduction! History & Memory Model of! ommon Errors I have seen over the years! Work through a linked list example on the board! - uses everything I talk about
More informationUnit 7. Functions. Need of User Defined Functions
Unit 7 Functions Functions are the building blocks where every program activity occurs. They are self contained program segments that carry out some specific, well defined task. Every C program must have
More informationAppendix A. The Preprocessor
Appendix A The Preprocessor The preprocessor is that part of the compiler that performs various text manipulations on your program prior to the actual translation of your source code into object code.
More informationConditional Compilation
Conditional Compilation printf() statements cab be inserted code for the purpose of displaying debug information during program testing. Once the program is debugged and accepted as "working'', it is desirable
More informationC Fundamentals & Formatted Input/Output. adopted from KNK C Programming : A Modern Approach
C Fundamentals & Formatted Input/Output adopted from KNK C Programming : A Modern Approach C Fundamentals 2 Program: Printing a Pun The file name doesn t matter, but the.c extension is often required.
More informationCSE 333 Lecture 7 - final C details
CSE 333 Lecture 7 - final C details Steve Gribble Department of Computer Science & Engineering University of Washington Today s topics: - a few final C details header guards and other preprocessor tricks
More informationIntroduction to C Final Review Chapters 1-6 & 13
Introduction to C Final Review Chapters 1-6 & 13 Variables (Lecture Notes 2) Identifiers You must always define an identifier for a variable Declare and define variables before they are called in an expression
More informationIntermediate Programming, Spring 2017*
600.120 Intermediate Programming, Spring 2017* Misha Kazhdan *Much of the code in these examples is not commented because it would otherwise not fit on the slides. This is bad coding practice in general
More informationUnit 1: Introduction to C Language. Saurabh Khatri Lecturer Department of Computer Technology VIT, Pune
Unit 1: Introduction to C Language Saurabh Khatri Lecturer Department of Computer Technology VIT, Pune Introduction to C Language The C programming language was designed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Laboratories
More informationShould you know scanf and printf?
C-LANGUAGE INPUT & OUTPUT C-Language Output with printf Input with scanf and gets_s and Defensive Programming Copyright 2016 Dan McElroy Should you know scanf and printf? scanf is only useful in the C-language,
More informationFinal C Details. CSE 333 Autumn 2018
Final C Details CSE 333 Autumn 2018 Instructor: Hal Perkins Teaching Assistants: Tarkan Al-Kazily Renshu Gu Trais McGaha Harshita Neti Thai Pham Forrest Timour Soumya Vasisht Yifan Xu Administriia Today:
More informationIntroduction to C CMSC 104 Spring 2014, Section 02, Lecture 6 Jason Tang
Introduction to C CMSC 104 Spring 2014, Section 02, Lecture 6 Jason Tang Topics History of Programming Languages Compilation Process Anatomy of C CMSC 104 Coding Standards Machine Code In the beginning,
More informationC Language Part 1 Digital Computer Concept and Practice Copyright 2012 by Jaejin Lee
C Language Part 1 (Minor modifications by the instructor) References C for Python Programmers, by Carl Burch, 2011. http://www.toves.org/books/cpy/ The C Programming Language. 2nd ed., Kernighan, Brian,
More information>B<82. 2Soft ware. C Language manual. Copyright COSMIC Software 1999, 2001 All rights reserved.
>B
More informationC++ Programming Lecture 6 Software Engineering Group
C++ Programming Lecture 6 Software Engineering Group Philipp D. Schubert Dynamic memory allocation Quick reminder: Do not confuse between the (de)allocation operators! void* operator new ( std::size_t
More informationProgram Translation. text. text. binary. binary. C program (p1.c) Compiler (gcc -S) Asm code (p1.s) Assembler (gcc or as) Object code (p1.
Program Translation Compilation & Linking 1 text C program (p1.c) Compiler (gcc -S) text Asm code (p1.s) binary binary Assembler (gcc or as) Object code (p1.o) Linker (gcc or ld) Executable program (p1)
More informationCSE 333 Autumn 2013 Midterm
CSE 333 Autumn 2013 Midterm Please do not read beyond this cover page until told to start. A question involving what could be either C or C++ is about C, unless it explicitly states that it is about C++.
More informationQUIZ How do we implement run-time constants and. compile-time constants inside classes?
QUIZ How do we implement run-time constants and compile-time constants inside classes? Compile-time constants in classes The static keyword inside a class means there s only one instance, regardless of
More informationRule 1-3: Use white space to break a function into paragraphs. Rule 1-5: Avoid very long statements. Use multiple shorter statements instead.
Chapter 9: Rules Chapter 1:Style and Program Organization Rule 1-1: Organize programs for readability, just as you would expect an author to organize a book. Rule 1-2: Divide each module up into a public
More informationQUIZ. What is wrong with this code that uses default arguments?
QUIZ What is wrong with this code that uses default arguments? Solution The value of the default argument should be placed in either declaration or definition, not both! QUIZ What is wrong with this code
More informationA Fast Review of C Essentials Part I
A Fast Review of C Essentials Part I Structural Programming by Z. Cihan TAYSI Outline Program development C Essentials Functions Variables & constants Names Formatting Comments Preprocessor Data types
More informationLecture 2: C Programming Basic
ECE342 Introduction to Embedded Systems Lecture 2: C Programming Basic Ying Tang Electrical and Computer Engineering Rowan University 1 Facts about C C was developed in 1972 in order to write the UNIX
More informationPage 1. Last Time. Today. Embedded Compilers. Compiler Requirements. What We Get. What We Want
Last Time Today Low-level parts of the toolchain for embedded systems Linkers Programmers Booting an embedded CPU Debuggers JTAG Any weak link in the toolchain will hinder development Compilers: Expectations
More informationErrors During Compilation and Execution Background Information
Errors During Compilation and Execution Background Information Preprocessor Directives and Compilation #define - defines a macro, identified by . During compilation, all instances of
More informationOutline. Computer programming. Debugging. What is it. Debugging. Hints. Debugging
Outline Computer programming Debugging Hints Gathering evidence Common C errors "Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance." Will Durant T.U. Cluj-Napoca - Computer Programming - lecture
More informationThis exam is to be taken by yourself with closed books, closed notes, no calculators.
Student ID CSE 5A Name Final Signature Fall 2004 Page 1 (12) cs5a This exam is to be taken by yourself with closed books, closed notes, no calculators. Page 2 (33) Page 3 (32) Page 4 (27) Page 5 (40) Page
More informationChapter 11 Introduction to Programming in C
Chapter 11 Introduction to Programming in C Original slides from Gregory Byrd, North Carolina State University Modified slides by Chris Wilcox, Colorado State University C: A High-Level Language! Gives
More informationArrays. Comp Sci 1570 Introduction to C++ Array basics. arrays. Arrays as parameters to functions. Sorting arrays. Random stuff
and Arrays Comp Sci 1570 Introduction to C++ Outline and 1 2 Multi-dimensional and 3 4 5 Outline and 1 2 Multi-dimensional and 3 4 5 Array declaration and An array is a series of elements of the same type
More informationControl flow and string example. C and C++ Functions. Function type-system nasties. 2. Functions Preprocessor. Alastair R. Beresford.
Control flow and string example C and C++ 2. Functions Preprocessor Alastair R. Beresford University of Cambridge Lent Term 2007 #include char s[]="university of Cambridge Computer Laboratory";
More informationPage 1. Agenda. Programming Languages. C Compilation Process
EE 472 Embedded Systems Dr. Shwetak Patel Assistant Professor Computer Science & Engineering Electrical Engineering Agenda Announcements C programming intro + pointers Shwetak N. Patel - EE 472 2 Programming
More informationContents Lecture 3. C Preprocessor, Chapter 11 Declarations, Chapter 8. Jonas Skeppstedt Lecture / 44
Contents Lecture 3 C Preprocessor, Chapter 11 Declarations, Chapter 8 Jonas Skeppstedt (js@cs.lth.se) Lecture 3 2014 1 / 44 C Preprocessor Predefined macros Macro replacement Conditional inclusion Source
More informationINDEX. Figure I-0. Listing I-0. Table I-0. Symbols.DIRECTIVE (see Assembler directives)? preprocessor operator 3-34
I INDEX Figure I-0. Listing I-0. Table I-0. Symbols.DIRECTIVE (see Assembler directives)? preprocessor operator 3-34 Numerics Assembler command-line switch -21 2-21 A Address alignment 2-39 Address of
More informationmultiple variables having the same value multiple variables having the same identifier multiple uses of the same variable
PART III : Language processing, interpretation, translation, the concept of binding, variables, name and scope, Type, l-value, r-value, reference and unnamed variables, routines, generic routines, aliasing
More informationCMSC 313 COMPUTER ORGANIZATION & ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING LECTURE 12, FALL 2012
CMSC 313 COMPUTER ORGANIZATION & ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING LECTURE 12, FALL 2012 TOPICS TODAY Assembling & Linking Assembly Language Separate Compilation in C Scope and Lifetime LINKING IN ASSEMBLY
More informationCSCI-243 Exam 1 Review February 22, 2015 Presented by the RIT Computer Science Community
CSCI-243 Exam 1 Review February 22, 2015 Presented by the RIT Computer Science Community http://csc.cs.rit.edu History and Evolution of Programming Languages 1. Explain the relationship between machine
More informationBLM2031 Structured Programming. Zeyneb KURT
BLM2031 Structured Programming Zeyneb KURT 1 Contact Contact info office : D-219 e-mail zeynebkurt@gmail.com, zeyneb@ce.yildiz.edu.tr When to contact e-mail first, take an appointment What to expect help
More informationINTERMEDIATE SOFTWARE DESIGN SPRING 2011 ACCESS SPECIFIER: SOURCE FILE
HEADER FILE A header (.h,.hpp,...) file contains Class definitions ( class X {... }; ) Inline function definitions ( inline int get_x() {... } ) Function declarations ( void help(); ) Object declarations
More informationPIC 10A. Lecture 17: Classes III, overloading
PIC 10A Lecture 17: Classes III, overloading Function overloading Having multiple constructors with same name is example of something called function overloading. You are allowed to have functions with
More informationCSE 374 Programming Concepts & Tools
CSE 374 Programming Concepts & Tools Hal Perkins Fall 2017 Lecture 13 C: The Rest of the Preprocessor 1 Administrivia Midterm exam Wednesday, here Topics: everything up to hw4 (including gdb concepts,
More informationG52CPP C++ Programming Lecture 6. Dr Jason Atkin
G52CPP C++ Programming Lecture 6 Dr Jason Atkin 1 Last lecture The Stack Lifetime of local variables Global variables Static local variables const (briefly) 2 Visibility is different from lifetime Just
More informationSoftware Engineering /48
Software Engineering 1 /48 Topics 1. The Compilation Process and You 2. Polymorphism and Composition 3. Small Functions 4. Comments 2 /48 The Compilation Process and You 3 / 48 1. Intro - How do you turn
More informationCSCI4430 Data Communication and Computer Networks. Pthread Programming. ZHANG, Mi Jan. 26, 2017
CSCI4430 Data Communication and Computer Networks Pthread Programming ZHANG, Mi Jan. 26, 2017 Outline Introduction What is Multi-thread Programming Why to use Multi-thread Programming Basic Pthread Programming
More informationProgramming in C. main. Level 2. Level 2 Level 2. Level 3 Level 3
Programming in C main Level 2 Level 2 Level 2 Level 3 Level 3 1 Programmer-Defined Functions Modularize with building blocks of programs Divide and Conquer Construct a program from smaller pieces or components
More informationChapter 11 Introduction to Programming in C
C: A High-Level Language Chapter 11 Introduction to Programming in C Original slides from Gregory Byrd, North Carolina State University Modified slides by Chris Wilcox, Colorado State University Gives
More informationCSE 333 SECTION 9. Threads
CSE 333 SECTION 9 Threads HW4 How s HW4 going? Any Questions? Threads Sequential execution of a program. Contained within a process. Multiple threads can exist within the same process. Every process starts
More informationAN OVERVIEW OF C. CSE 130: Introduction to Programming in C Stony Brook University
AN OVERVIEW OF C CSE 130: Introduction to Programming in C Stony Brook University WHY C? C is a programming lingua franca Millions of lines of C code exist Many other languages use C-like syntax C is portable
More informationQUIZ. What are 3 differences between C and C++ const variables?
QUIZ What are 3 differences between C and C++ const variables? Solution QUIZ Source: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/17349387/scope-of-macros-in-c Solution The C/C++ preprocessor substitutes mechanically,
More informationChapter 11 Introduction to Programming in C
Chapter 11 Introduction to Programming in C Original slides from Gregory Byrd, North Carolina State University Modified by Chris Wilcox, Yashwant Malaiya Colorado State University C: A High-Level Language
More information6.s096. Introduction to C and C++
6.s096 Introduction to C and C++ I know C and C++ Java Python C C++ Java Python C C++ Idioms & Best Practices Tom Lieber Kyle Murray Frank Li Damon Doucet Leonid Grinberg Evan Wang Chen Zhao web.mit.edu/6.s096/
More information211: Computer Architecture Summer 2016
211: Computer Architecture Summer 2016 Liu Liu Topic: C Programming Structure: - header files - global / local variables - main() - macro Basic Units: - basic data types - arithmetic / logical / bit operators
More informationjust a ((somewhat) safer) dialect.
Intro_to_C Page 1 Intro to C Tuesday, September 07, 2004 5:30 PM C was developed specifically for writing operating systems Low level of abstraction. "Just above machine language." Direct access to the
More informationCSci 4061 Introduction to Operating Systems. Programs in C/Unix
CSci 4061 Introduction to Operating Systems Programs in C/Unix Today Basic C programming Follow on to recitation Structure of a C program A C program consists of a collection of C functions, structs, arrays,
More informationChapter 11 Introduction to Programming in C
C: A High-Level Language Chapter 11 Introduction to Programming in C Original slides from Gregory Byrd, North Carolina State University Modified slides by Chris Wilcox, Colorado State University! Gives
More informationIntroduction to pthreads
CS 220: Introduction to Parallel Computing Introduction to pthreads Lecture 25 Threads In computing, a thread is the smallest schedulable unit of execution Your operating system has a scheduler that decides
More informationSymbols, Compilation Units, and Pre-Processing
Symbols, Compilation Units, and Pre-Processing Antonio Carzaniga Faculty of Informatics Università della Svizzera italiana March 2, 2015 Outline Compilation process Symbols: compilation units and linking
More informationB.V. Patel Institute of Business Management, Computer & Information Technology, Uka Tarsadia University
Unit 1 Programming Language and Overview of C 1. State whether the following statements are true or false. a. Every line in a C program should end with a semicolon. b. In C language lowercase letters are
More informationSo far, system calls have had easy syntax. Integer, character string, and structure arguments.
Pointers Page 1 So far, system calls have had easy syntax Wednesday, September 30, 2015 10:45 AM Integer, character string, and structure arguments. But this is not always true. Today, we begin to explore
More informationcs3157: another C lecture (mon-21-feb-2005) C pre-processor (3).
cs3157: another C lecture (mon-21-feb-2005) C pre-processor (1). today: C pre-processor command-line arguments more on data types and operators: booleans in C logical and bitwise operators type conversion
More informationCS2141 Software Development using C/C++ Compiling a C++ Program
CS2141 Software Development using C/C++ Compiling a C++ Program g++ g++ is the GNU C++ compiler. A program in a file called hello.cpp: #include using namespace std; int main( ) { cout
More information