SRC Assembly Language Programming - III
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1 Computer Architecture Laboratory SRC Assembly Language Programming - III Goals: a) Learn assembly language subroutine methodology b) Write a subroutine in SRC assembler 1. As a group we will develop a "convention" for use of the SRC registers, memory and stack structure as it relates to subroutine calls. 2. Write a routine that swaps two numbers in memory. I.e. given two memory locations, swap the numbers. Now, make this code a subroutine named swap. Test the code and the subroutine. Turn in a print-out of the assembly language program used to test the subroutine. The test program should include the subroutine. It should be called swap.asm. Assemble it into a machine language version with the name swap.bin. Mail me both versions as attachments to Write a SRC subroutine that is an bubble sort for integers. The subroutine should be passed the number of integers and the address of the first integer. The routine should sort the integers putting the sorted list in a different location so as to not overwrite the original integers. It should return the address of the list of sorted integers as a third parameter of the subroutine. It should call subroutine swap (or a reasonable modification of swap) to do the actual swapping of two integers. In C the prototype for sort might look like: void sort(int, *old, *new); where *old and *new are pointers to the two arrays and the first parameter is the length of the array of integers. (Hint: write the whole thing in C first and then write it in assembler.) Imbed subroutine sort in a full program to test it. The program should begin with 10 out-oforder numbers in memory and then call the subroutine to sort them. The address of the sorted numbers should be in R[6]. Mail me the assembly language (test.asm) and machine language (test.bin) versions of the program. I will execute the program and look at the value in R[6] and the list of numbers pointed to by that address. N.B. For an overall structure, this program should have subroutine swap embedded in subroutine sort imbedded in a test program (test.asm).
2 MIPS Conventions constant 0 R[1] reserved for assembler R[2..3] R[4..7] arguments 1..4 of subroutines R[8..15] R[16..23] R[24..25] R[26..27] reserved for OS R[28] pointer to "global area" return address from procedure call Mem[0..3fffff] Mem[ fffffff] Mem[ ?] Mem[?..7fffffff] reserved data segment 7fffffff Reserved
3 Before the call, caller must: 1. Put arguments in proper registers. 2. Save caller-saved registers (on the stack). 3. Push remaining arguments on the stack. 4. Call the subroutine with a brl call. Subroutine Call Process Before the called routine runs, it must: 1. Allocate memory for the frame by subtracting the frame s size from the. 2. Establish the by adding the frame s size to the. 3. Save the return address 4. Save the callee-saved registers in the frame. Before leaving the routine, the subroutine must: 1. Restore all callee-saved registers 2. Place any returned values in proper registers 3. Put the return address in a register to prepare for the return jump 4. Pop the stack by subtracting the frame size from the 5. Return with a br call. After the return the caller must: 1. Pop the stack for any overflow arguments previously pushed on.
4 (Computer Architecture Class of Fall 1997) R[1..2] R[3..7] R[8..15] R[16..23] R[24..28] constant 0 programmer must supply arguments 1..5 of subroutines Mem[0..999D] Mem[1000D..1999D] Mem[2000D..?] Mem[?..4000D] reserved data segment 4000D 2000D 1000D 0000D Reserved
5 (Computer Architecture Class of Fall 1998) R[1..2] R[3..6] R[7..17] R[18..28] constant 0 programmer must supply arguments 1..4 of subroutines Mem[0..2ffH] Mem[300H.. 4ffH] Mem[500H..?] Mem[?..2000H] static data segment dynamic data segment 2000H 0500H 0300H 0000H
6 (Computer Architecture Class of Fall 1999) R[1] R[2..3] R[4..7] R[8..17] R[18..28] constant 0 programmer must supply constant 4... programmer must supply arguments 1..4 of subroutines Mem[ H] reserved for??? Mem[0100H..3100H] Mem[3100H H] static data segment Mem[4100H..?] dynamic data segment Mem[?..8000H]
7 (Computer Architecture Class of Fall 2000) R[1] R[2] R[3..5] R[6..17] R[18..28] constant 0 not automatic, programmer must supply constant 4... not automatic, programmer must supply arguments 1..3 of subroutines Mem[0000H..2FFFH] Mem[3000H.. 3FFFH] Mem[4000H..?] Mem[?..7FFFH] static data segment dynamic data segment 8000H 4000H 3000H 0000H
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