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1 ! "# $%& ' (# $)* 0 2 «-.» + Phoenix dactylifera L.* *# 4*5 0 () 0 6 () 7 %*.-# # $%= -. + * #* < ;# 9: "86!?# -#& #. # >#6 * # ( ) 0? # 2. # >#6 * B9: A#.(Explants) 6 * % F6 B9: # % E#* ' #!6 -#& # F 2 E D% C * F * % *# - G * 0 F # G6 * G Biotin Myo-inositol Nicotinic acid Thiamin-Hcl Pyridoxine-Hcl? 9M - *.MS L'6 %* / 4 20K# J % */H *? # F % 2 N!*# NAA * /H 20K# MS L'6 F % %*# - * F 2.< '#. J -6 %* *# G 9 F "6 C B* # MS L'6 %* 4\ # ( ) (In Vitro) :* %..! 29

2 ...Phoenix dactylifera L. "!#$ % &' () * &+ 0 Effect of Some Micropropagation Treatments of Date Palm Phoenix Dactylifera L. cv. Quntar On The Maturation of Somatic Embryos and The Formation of Plantlets W. AL-Mayahi () and A. Madi () ABSTRACT This study was conducted on the date palm cv. Quntar, in order to study its response to the propagation by tissue culture through somatic embryogenesis by using quarters of the apical and whole axillary buds and leaf primordial explants. The study showed superiority of the apical buds in the percentage of the initial induction primary callus, axillary buds were registered the lowest rate of response. While the highest percentage of mature embryos on the medium which supplemented by view vitamins which were (Pyridoxine and Thiamin-Hcl and Nicotine and Myo-inositol and Biotin) at concentrations (.0 and 5.0 and.0, 00,.0) mg/ L, respectively, with a / 4 of MS salts MS strengths. The medium supplied with full strength MS salts with mg / l NAA showed superiority in the root percentage, root numbers and length in comparison with the others treatments.while the medium with a / 4 MS salts inhibit any root induction of plantlets. Key words: Tissue culture (In vitro), Somatic embryo, Date palm. () Date Palm Research Center, Basrah Univ. Basrah, Iraq. 0

3 . 0 2 $ 0 /. hoenix dactylifera L. -,$ $8 9: $# $ - 7$ & (4 0 $ = #; $ (< ( : 2 &..(972?) 9> (. $$ 8-6 8& 0 $-6!9 ; &A C 0 ( A 89;. 9< &A. 5 / B- 9< $$.8 B8 (8 E2. D $ 5 / - 9< B6.? $8= <- - 9<. B- ) =- # ; 08 (<. ) -.$ < 6; F 6 5$ BA 5- C $6. 0 9< D C &A H G &' &$ - (In Vitro) 8&.&8. $$ #. FA I < 6 ; Sudhersan et al.,99; Letouze et al.,998; Eshraghi et al., 2005; Eke ).8 % 8 &' 0 (# 0 6 ; G2.(et al., )?8-;.(Amin, 200) 2 0 ( / $ # J >8 J 8 $ 2$ " &.8 *8 Thiamin-Hcl.8& = (<.. ) Gamborge ) Biotin. Pyridoxine-Hcl.$ Nicotinic acid 8 08 $8 9> ;?-: $.(and Shyluk,98 8 8< 08 5=8 0 (. = (< 8 B- ( 0 $ ( =@ $#.(Bhojwani and Razdan,98) 58 (8&.8 *8 Hcl -.$ 02 (<. & - Hcl -.&. /K 0.5 $. Calcium-Pantothenate 08 M8 0 I B-. 0 $$8. 0.$.< $ ;!< 0 N. 4.) %65 (O 9 (>- 65 $ B8A /K 2 Hcl-.$..< A ($6 $#.(2006 $8 B- B-. ) $ 6 BA =.(2008 $ ) ; 0 #< = () (66 Q. =8.8 (. $$ &A 0 R/ < 6 ; 5$

4 ...Phoenix dactylifera L. "!#$ % &' () * & ) =-; 0 $ S-6. Phoenix, I I8 B-. 0 =.,$ 8= $A B-?-; A 6 ; G= &' D J$ 8 $ > = T- < 9: ; B- ( $ $$+ (# 0 ( B- 0 0; 2 $ 0 (' 8 8 $8 $# 0 ( >?. ) (2008 0) > ; D) $$ BA 2 M$2. " < =+/. 0 (<. (-; $$ =U- R.8 8 $$ B-. $A (. $$ # $. 0 # $ 0 True-to-type 5 ( 6; (.H!; B- ( &A N.? - ;# *# P H 0 2 <V 8 ; 5 8 (-8W 2009E ) 88# (889$ (Axillary buds) 88;' 5 88 (Shoot tip).8 2 D 0 " ;6" M 9. (Leaf Primoridia) N 0 " ; M. M 2 $ ( (4E) ; M& M N! 0? ;/ 06; 0 M. C. ) & T/ * # S I BA = >?; G &.Y 08 G 8& W =?: = M. Z (972 )?; 0- - J-* 2 /K 50.. % $[ $ R ( 8- (8.(Zaid, 984) T * /K 00 T * % 8 5$ ( -2-0 = R[ 0; =; / $. $ ;# A H (5:5) %20 ( $ %5.25) 2$8 86#$ 20 )8 J $. T H 00 BA "Tween-20" ( 8 )& 56 ;6 R (-V: R (."Laminar Air Flow Cabinet"06; R=? $ - G2 ( 2

5 *? 9M - 8$ 0 0 ; 5 H N ; R BA 0 ; 5 5]V# ($8 8- # (9$ ;' 5 ( 6? ( 5! + =# (<-V: 0;.;6? (2 Murashige and Skoog, 962 D) > ; B- (<-8 (70) 5$8 (<8 :( /K) $ =A M 58<! (0.5).& (00) (0000) (40).$ 08 I8. B- R <.(6000) (2000) ;/ (8_ 8 /K 2iP /K D.+ ; ^$ R8 (]V#.a5 (±27) $ 0 5)@ 0 ( 5 ". 9?? ( - ( ). B- $ 0 I- "# (9$ ;' 5 ; (8 08 $$ 9: ; B- C $A ( 0 I $8/ a5(±27) 8 8 $ 0 (. H H J 08 I. T <. "6" $ I "000" RA.. H 0E8 $ % & & $ :' 4 F *.2 * (MS) L'6 F * % * * $)* * (< A $ < $ H (MS) ; BA 0 I 6V 8 " 0 2 &+. & (<. (6 $ (.( $).MS - 2 * F * (% * ).2 * () (* / H %* ).2 * > 2 * 2 2 * 2 * F* Pyridoxine Thiamin-Hcl Nicotinic acid Myo-inositol Biotin 8 / 4 / 2 / 4 ) 082 (MS) D). ( $ ( <-. #) ( $. " 0 2 &+ $ (

6 ...Phoenix dactylifera L. "!#$ % &' () * &+ 0 $ $. " 0 (<- <- D)[ * 2 =@ ]. = $ ). " B $ $#.= $ F M</ : 0. BA 2 /'. $b.6 = ; /- ( (_.- ($8 ($8= (8 ( 02 H (-/ (<< (< (6.!. 09> ; BA 0- $$. / 4 / 2 MS =U- D) 0 ($ 9* 2 NAA MS L'6 F * % * $)*.8 8 $ $ 9> ; B- ( ( (_ 8 $ 09> ; =_ / 4 / 2 / 4 02 (MS) D) ( &+8 8 $ 8 /K G2 NAA. 8 0 = ()$ $ B- NAA (MS) D) <-.8 ( 8 / ($V $# =; $$ (? 08 ( 8 (8_.8=; $$ 0 0 (.6 = ; /?& * C. ;8 8 ) R N &+ (<?8 8-? 8 (<? 6 ] 09/ 5?! 8 8# 5$8 (;.! < ^% 09/ 5 M8- %.& B- $ %5 J (R.L.S.D) $ %.(980) c / 4!?* D% F%* *# C #* /K 40 8 $ 09> ; B- 6 5 (- 8 6 (8 8 R) #< 2iP. /K D ; # (F) (-. 0 ;' 5 # (9$ ( 8;6 8;) 58 0 $ R (.(/) =@ I $ R ; &+8 8 $. e.(2/) d= G =@ 0 *.- $ 4

7 86 5 8!8< 08 I R/ < 9 0 R 8 2iP /K 2.4-D /K 40 8 $ 09> ; B- 8< 9 (>- # (9$ C- 7 (-; %7.4 8;' 5 (- 69 $ (-; % 5.4 C 0 I R/.(2 $) 7 $ (-; %.4 (>- A ) #. I R/ < 0 ( &. 2.4-D 7$ (89$ N!< R? ].A.(Abo-El-Nil,986) A! ;.. R H;6 BA $ $# I FA 0 ;' 5 # I 8. 8 T8 8< 8 = 8< 86 H8;# 8# (89$.8 8 R8[ 0-$ J M) $ $#.(Yadav et al., 200).6 5!<? ( # *? 2 F > *# C > $)* (2). D% F%* #* '? JR ' P ()D% (%) #* '? # "D% F%*" Explant type * *# > a7 6.67±*a 47.. # 7 b 6.67 c ± 4. -# & # 69 b 6.67± b 45.!?#.%5 J B- =. M-b M C< M = 0 (b$ * % +; ± (>) (=) (<) -#& # (4!?#.-. + * D% * 2 > (U. # (6 *# C > $)* () % 5

8 ...Phoenix dactylifera L. "!#$ % &' () * &+ 0 D% Primary callus (=) (<) D% C * 2 > - % $)* (2) % F * /H 40 # - G. # >#6 F D% * (6) F V 7 0 # D% C 2iPF * /H 2.4-D. R# W - G. # >#6 -* (U) 0 2 * MS L'6 F * % * * $)* 2 0 (MS) D) (<. <- &+ (5 4 ) / =@V M 6 5. [ 9 0 = $ B- (- $# [ 9 B-. () " ;6" 8# (- % (>- 0 (<. ()! $ ; (8>- (<. ()! $ ; B- [ 9 B8A (4) / 0 "9 / MS D) &+ S.% [ 89 8 (MS) D)8 <- (.! $ %8 C#< MS D). / 4 $ 09> ; ^ =@ $6 G) ( 6 6 % (>- 0 [ 9 8[ 89 8 (>- D). $ ; ;8 B8- [ # (-. 0 % 6. C.%.4 (>- MS D). 8 $ e MS D) (<- <- (6- T / &+ $. 8 / 4 (8<. ()!. $- %!< (5 /). / 4 6

9 -. ba J () 6 [ 9 0 MS D).8 ()!8. $ - = # =@ 5 09'!. $ - (- MS D) (< (>- 0 [ # MS D) / 4 (<. ().(6/) %25.0 X? # 2 * F * % * $)* () % 8&A 0 & 6 ; ( ) / 6 ;,$ % F' 0 = ) B-,$ $$8 0 - &W G $ % (' 0 <? *<..8 9> ; $ BA "9 /. ( 8&!< $W B-. (< $. Biotin Thiamin-Hcl.<. $ 2 (<. 8 (8- - $ R$ B- I $# (<. $6 * ()< (< ;/ (6/) $ 2 [ (9$ 56 H BA %$W 2 $ 0 <- 08 ATP / #; = <- * (- 0 (< / 5 A. H T. ) = % 8 ) [ ;/ 09# &+ = ( / (< "8 $8 5= = 09> ; 0 = ) MS D) 7$.(995. 9> N 0 7

10 ...Phoenix dactylifera L. "!#$ % &' () * & X? # 2 MS L' * % * $)* (4) %? # 2 MS L'6 * % * F# * Y* $)*.0 X (5) % 8

11 %*# - 2 $ " C :0 (6) % $ F 2 EY% L'6 F %* 4\ * F () 4\ * F ()%*# - 2 C.Y% L'6 F %*.9* 2 (MS) L'6 F NAA F * % * $)* (NAA) T- *.&< $ ;. BA () $ 0 "9 / #< (66 $# /K $ G # (- 0 $2/ - 6 ( ¾ 8 8 ) MSD)+8 $ ; ( =@ %7.5 (>- 88 $ ; #< ( ½. < C (>- C 5$ % 2 J# 2.2 * NAA % * (MS) L'6 F * % * $)* ().Z[ P$% *? # ( MS) L'6 % * NAA % * % %* 4 \ 2\ 4\ (* /H) 7.5 b 0 b 0 b 0 bc 0 c a 90 a 90 a 90 a 0 c a 90 a 90 a 90 a 0 c a 70 a 70 a 80 a 0 c a 70 a 67.5 a 0.0 b. %5 J B- =. M-b M C< M = 0 (b$ * / 4 9

12 ...Phoenix dactylifera L. "!#$ % &' () * &+ 0 8 /K $ NAA. $- / ( &+ ( #< ½ ¾ MS D) MS D)8 B- NAA 8 $ : ;. $ ().8 8 ¼ 8=U- G NAA 8 $ () H =U- 2.($) $2/ - = MS D).8 NAA 8 /K 8 $ ;- %!< (4) $. e $2/8 - = J $ () 6 =; $$ *8< (8 0. (>- 0. $$ # (- 0 ;8 8=@ (>- 0 = ; $ 8 $$8. % C#< MS D). $ 09> C- 5$ MS D). / 4 8 $ ; =;.= b ($ R;' < 5@8 8<- MS D). $- T / &+ =@ MS D)8. $ 09> ;- %!< NAA ;8 G) ()$ 6 6 =; $$. 0 NAA /K &+8 J$.8 08 MS D). / 4 H NAA /K 8 $ 8< 5$8 BA MS D). / 4 =U- NAA. $- T /.(4 $) = ( 2 J# 2.2 * NAA % * (MS) L'6 F * % * $)* (4).( ) J -6 %* 9 6 ( MS) L'6 % * -6 6 NAA % * %%* 4 \ 2\ 4\ 9 (* /H) 0. d 0.8 e± e± f± 0.00 g*± c 2. fg± gh± h± i±0.00 (5) ; c.00 d± e± e± g± b.6 d±0.7. de± ef± i±0.00 (5) ; a 5.00 a± b± cd± g± a 6.0 a± b±0.9.8 cd± i±0.00 (5) ; b.8 bc±0.8. cd±0.6.8 e± g± b 4.4 bc± cd± ef± i±0.00 (5) ; a 2.4 b.74 c 0.00 d a.5 b 2.62 c 0.00 d (5) ;.%5 J B- =. M-b M C< M = 0 (b$ * % +; ± 40

13 8$. B- j$. 56b B- ) < $ Root Initials 8 (89$. ) 56 G$ < A 09> ; 8 $8 0 &W 52 $. $ _.(988.-) Bhargava et al., 200; Wang and ) " & (. $ H S# ( $# ; $ ].A.(Charles 99 %$W8 &!< 0 ].A A /K 2 BA /K. " $ T "/ D) 5= 2$$ -6 (9$ ;& BA.8 /4 8 $ ; ^ $6 9> N 0.;8 6 = (8/) ( 2$ M D).(7/) ( / 4 ) =.$ 9 F%* Root formation (=) (<).(In Vitro)ZV# # P$% -. + * 9* (7) %.P9 W (6).NAA F * /H MS L'6 F % %* G P9 *# (U)..8 (2008) 08 (200) $8. G H "9!< 08 8=#< ( =@ =U- - G (NAA) T- *.&< 5$.$2/ - 6 ( 4

14 ...Phoenix dactylifera L. "!#$ % &' () * &+ 0 (In Vitro)ZZV# # -. + * :* +0 (8) %.MS L'6 F %* 4\ # - G acclimation! 4 B-.# B =; D 0 ( (-6V.8 S-8- % R (-V:?. # )8.8 (8 56 _ ( ;6 R T $ 09> ; 6 $8 /5>- 500 "Benlate" % ;< $ B- % - 0 = ;- B- % 5"9" 2 ;# S 0 ( ( _ 5&.6#$ 5 (8;- (86_ (5:) 2: Peat moss - $ (b. =8< 9> ; 56 6 ; "Autoclave" % 56 = $ ;6 R =6 ( S 0 ( $ 6 2 ^ % - J V ( "MS"8 D). H " =/ % 8;< $8 (8 d H ; J B- $? 8;:+ S8 (8;:. $ /5>- 500 (Benlate) 8 8# ( < J. = H $ =/ $ 8;: ($8 0 ; H $ 5-#+- ( H$ $ =/ ;> - ( </ 6& ) J + B8A (8-6 ;: ( 2$ 6 RA a5 25 $ 0 (.(9/) ; R' 0 0 ( 42

15 $'$ # -. + * # (9) %.7 G5. F J6 * ** \. /K 408 $ ; B- apical buds 6 5!< ( I8 R/8 < 9 0 2Ip /K 2.4-D.;' 5 # (9$ 09> ; $. 9 B- B- A (2.8 * Hcl -.& Hcl -.$ (. <- 8 /K B-.. MS D) / 4 Y = % ; BA /K NAA T- *.&< A,$ ( ( 0 MS D). B-. & ;6 M 86 MSD)8 >. 66 "9 ). (4. H BA =<<? H N " ; - $86 8 $. J M? B- 2 "9!; (5.- H &' "!; R< H.W = *.2 * MS % * U %* 0 ().* *.2 * 2 MS % * 4.67ef±8.4.4fg±4.8 ±4.8*25.0g ¼ 66.67bc± de± ef±8.4 / 2 8.4a± bc± cd±4.8 / 4 75ab± cd± de±4.8 % %* 4.0 RLSD.%5 J B- =. M-b =< M M = 0 (b$ * % +; ± 4

16 ...Phoenix dactylifera L. "!#$ % &' () * &+ 0 REFERENCES _.J** J* J* 2 :0 J0 *.(972).# # E%#. M#. #- V0 Phoenix dactylifera L. * +6 (# $%5.(200). E. 65. M# E % EB *% -6..* * # P. U* * *.(980). # E` + _ E" E #- U*% a E ;# * ( * F 0 #-* (#.(2008).` # 6 E # + Phoenix dactylifera L.* $% 2 - R.P# % * #! EB *% ;# * P E*# ' 6.(988).D# EF. M# 2 * (# $)*.(2006).F U br% b"j D# E b F EF * 4 J*# 0 F%* D% -*.54. ()9 E P#.# + Phoenix dactylifera L. %..*#.* - # $%.(995). E".. Phoenix dactylifera L.P * +6 (# $%5.(2008). 0 6 E.P# % * #! EB *% -6..*#. 0 Abo El-Nil, M. (986). Refining methods of date palm micro propagation. In: 2 nd.symp.on date palm. March, 986.KFU. Saudi Arabia. () :29-4. Amin, T. (200). In vitro propagation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by adventitive buds. Proc. 2 nd Inter. Conf. On Date Palms Al-Ain, U.A.E. March, 200: Bhargava,S. C.; Saxena,S.N. and Sharma, R. (200). In vitro multiplication Phoenix dactylifera L. J.Plant Bioch.Biotec. (2): Bhojwani, S. S. and Razdan, M. K. (98). Plant tissue culture theory and practice. Elsevier pub. The Netherlands pp:502 Eke,C.; Akomeah.P. and Asemoto, O. (2005). Somatic embryogenesis in date palm (phoenix dactylifera L.) from apical meristem tissue from "Zebia and Loko" landraces. Afri.J. Biotech.4(): Eshraghi, P.; Zarghami, R.and Mirabdulbaghi, M. (2005). Somatic embryogenesis in two Iranian date palm cultivars.afri. J. Biotech. 4 ():

17 Gamborge, O. L. and Shyluk, J. P. (98). Nutrition, media and characteristic of plant cell and tissue culture. In: Plant Tissue culture: Methods and Applications in Agriculture (T.A.Thorpe, ed), pp Academic Press, NewYork. Murashig, T. and Skoog, F. (962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures.physio. Plant.,5: Letouze, R.; Daguin, F.; Satour; P.; Hamama L. and Marionate,F. (998). Somatic embryogenesis and mass micropropagation of date palm characterization and genetic stability of regenrated plantles by RAPD markers. In: st. Inter. Conf. Date Palms. Al-Ain, U.A.E., March, 998: Sudhersan, C., Abo El-Nil, M. M. and Al-Baize, A. (99). Occurrencence of direct somatic embryogenesis on the sword leaf in in vitro plantlets of (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Barhee.Curr. Sci., 65: Wang, P. J. and Charles, A. (99). Micropropagation through meristem culture. In :Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry., Vol. 7. Hightech and Micropropgation. (Edited by Y. P. S. Bajaja), Pp:2-52. Springer Verlag Berlin, Eidelberg. Yadav, N. R.; Yadav, R. C.; Chowdhury, V. K.and Chowdhury, J. B. (200). Explant and cultivar response to in vitro clonal propagation of female date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. Proc. 2 nd Inter. Con. on Date Palm Al- Ain,U.A.E March, 200: Zaid, A. (984). In vitro browning of tissues and media with special emphasis to date palm cultures: A review. Date Palm J., : Received 2009 // 2 ;# > 5 Accepted for Publ. 200/06/ 29 ;# #! 45