STRUCTURED DATA TYPE ARRAYS IN C++ ONE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY TWO-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY

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1 STRUCTURED DATA TYPE ARRAYS IN C++ ONE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY TWO-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY

2 Objectives Declaration of 1-D and 2-D Arrays Initialization of arrays Inputting array elements Accessing array elements Manipulation of 1-D array elements (Sum, Product, Average, Maximum/Minimum, Linear search) Manipulation of 2- D array elements (Sum of row elements, column elements, diagonal elements, finding maximum/minimum values)

3 Array An Array is a series of elements of the same data type placed in contiguous memory locations referred by a common name. The elements of array are referred by their Subscript number or Index number which starts from zero.

4 One Dimensional Array One Dimensional or Single Dimensional Arrays comprises of definite number of homogeneous elements Syntax to declare 1-D Array is : datatype NameOfArray [ SizeOfArray] ; Example: int Num[5]; // Num can store 5 integers char Str[10]; // Str can store a single string Num[0] Num[1] Num[2] Num[3] Num[4] H A N S R A J \0 Str[0] Str[1] Str[2] Str[3] Str[4] Str[5] Str[6] Str[7] Str[8] Str[9]

5 Memory Usage of 1-D Array Memory Consumed by 1D Array = Size of Data Type X No. of Elements Example: int Num[5]; = 2 Byte X 5 Elements = 10 Bytes char Str[10]; = 1 Byte X 10 Elements = 10 Bytes float Amt[3]; = 4 Byte X 3 Elements = 12 Bytes

6 Two Dimensional Array Two Dimensional comprises of an Array of elements each of which is itself an Array Syntax to declare 2-D Array is : Example: datatype NameOfArray [ NoOfRows] [ NoOfColumns] ; int arr[4][4]; ROW=0 COL=0 COL=1 COL=2 COL=3 43 arr[0] [0] 22 arr[0] [1] 16 arr[0] [2] 34 arr[0] [3] ROW=1 67 arr[1] [0] 26 arr[1] [1] 98 arr[1] [2] 12 arr[1] [3] ROW=2 54 arr[2] [0] 24 arr[2] [1] 89 arr[2] [2] 64 arr[2] [3] ROW=3 23 arr[3] [0] 34 arr[3] [1] 78 arr[3] [2] 29 arr[3] [3]

7 Memory Usage of 2-D Array Memory consumed by 2D Array = Size of Data Type X No. of Rows X No. of Columns Example: int Num[4][3] ; = 2 Byte X 4 Rows X 3 Cols = 24 Bytes char Str[5][10]; = 1 Byte X 5 Rows X 10 Cols = 50 Bytes float Amt[[5][4]; = 4 Byte X 5 Rows X 4 Cols = 80 Bytes

8 Initialization of 1-D Array Elements At the time of declaration array elements can be initialized as follows: int Num[4] = { 54,65,72,34 }; char Str[4] = { C, +, +, \0 }; Num[0] Num[1] Num[2] Num[3] char Str[4] = C++ ; Note: int A[5] = {21, 45, 67, 43, 23, 87, 90, 100}; // Error because number of values between braces {} is greater than the array size int A[5] = {34, 56, 22}; // If less initializers, the remaining elements are set to default values i.e A[3] = 0, A[4] = 0 Unsized Array Initialization of 1-D Arrays : If you skip the size of the array in the array initialization statement, compiler automatically creates an array big enough to hold all initializers present in the statement. int Arr[] = { 500,600,700 }; char Str[] = Hello ; Arr[0] Arr[1] Arr[2] C + + \0 Str[0] Str[1] Str[2] Str[3] H e l l o \0 Str[0] Str[1] Str[2] Str[3] Str[4] Str[5]

9 Initialization of 2-D Array Elements Example: int arr[2][3]={43,22,16,67,26,98}; // can store a 2x3 Matrix of Integers char arr[2][5]={ AMAN, RAMA }; // can store 2 Strings of maximum 5 chars each Unsized Array Initialization of 2-D Arrays : 2-D Arrays can be initialized in an unsized manner, but you can skip the Row size only and the Column size needs to be mentioned in the declaration. int arr [][2]={500,600,700,800,900}; COL=0 COL=1 COL=2 Advantage of Unsized Array Initialization 900 ROW=2 arr[2] [0] It allows you to change the array content i.e lengthen or shorten the number of elements without resizing the Array ROW=0 ROW=1 ROW=0 ROW=1 43 arr[0] [0] 67 arr[1] [0] ROW=0 ROW=1 COL=0 500 arr[0] [0] 700 arr[1] [0] 22 arr[0] [1] 26 arr[1] [1] COL=1 600 arr[0] [1] 800 arr[1] [1] 0 arr[2] [1] 16 arr[0] [2] 98 arr[1] [2] COL=0 COL=1 COL=2 COL=3 COL=4 A arr[0] [0] R arr[1] [0] M arr[0] [1] A arr[1] [1] A arr[0] [2] M arr[1] [2] N arr[0] [3] A arr[1] [3] \0 arr[0] [4] \0 arr[1] [4]

10 Inputting Array Elements in 1-D Arrays #define MAX 5 Accepting input in 1-D integer array: int num[max]; //can store MAX integers for(int i=0;i<max;i++) cin>>num[i]; Num[0] Num[1] Num[2] Num[3] Num[4] Accepting input in 1-D character array: char arr[max]; //can store only one string containing MAX-1 chars cin>>arr; or gets(arr); Str[0] Str[1] Str[2] Str[3] Str[4]

11 Inputting Array Elements in 2-D Integer Arrays #define MAX 4 Accepting input in 2-D integer array: int arr[max][max]; //can store a matrix of MAX * MAX integers //Row wise input: for(int i=0;i<max;i for(int j=0;j<max;j++) cin>>arr[i][j]; //Column wise input: for(int j=0;j<max;j++) for(int i=0;i<max;i++) cin>>arr[i][j]; Row 0 Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 0 Row 1 Row 2 Col 0 Col 1 Col 2 Col 3 Col 0 Col 1 Col 2 Col 3 Row 3

12 Inputting Array Elements in 2-D Character Arrays #define MAX 4 Accepting input in 2-D character array: char arr[max][max]; //can store MAX strings - each containing MAX-1 chars for(int i=0;i<max;i++) gets(arr[i]); String 0 String 1 S arr[0] [0] M arr[1] [0] A arr[0] [1] A arr[1] [1] T arr[0] [2] T arr[1] [2] \0 arr[0] [3] \0 arr[1] [3] String 2 X arr[2] [0] A arr[2] [1] T arr[2] [2] \0 arr[2] [3] String 3 C arr[3] [0] A arr[3] [1] T arr[3] [2] \0 arr[3] [3]

13 Assignment Statement Array elements can be assigned a new value during the execution of the program. Example: int A[5]; A[3] = 4; A[1] = A[3] + 10; A[4] = A[1] + A[3]; A[2] = 7 A[4]; A[0] = A[1] + A[4]; A[0] A[1] A[2] A[3] A[4] A[0] A[1] A[2] A[3] A[4] A[0] A[1] A[2] A[3] A[4] A[0] A[1] A[2] A[3] A[4] A[0] A[1] A[2] A[3] A[4]

14 Passing 1-D arrays to functions Arrays are always automatically passed by reference. Thus when you specify the name of a 1-D integer array as an argument to a function, only the starting address of the array i.e the address of the 0 th element is received by the function. This function has no means to find out how many elements are present in the array, since integer arrays are not terminated by null character \0 Therefore you need to pass a 2 nd separate argument to the called function which is the size of the array. Function Prototype should be: returndatatype function_name ( datatype arrayname[], int NoOfElements );

15 Sum of elements of 1-D array #include <iostream.h> #define MAX 10 int SUM (int[], int); //prototype void main() { int A[MAX], N, Ans; cout << Enter the number of locations ; cin >> N; for (int I = 0; I <N; I++) { cout << Enter data in A[ << I << ] = ; cin >> A[I]; } Ans = SUM (A, N); cout << Sum of elements = << Ans; } int SUM( int Arr[], int n) { int S = 0; for (int I = 0; I < n; I++) S = S + Arr[I]; return S; }

16 Product of elements of 1-D array #include <iostream.h> #define MAX 10 int PROD (int[], int); void main() { int A[MAX], N, Ans; cout << Enter the number of locations ; cin >>N; for (int I = 0; I < N; I++) { cout << Enter data in A[ << I << ] = ; cin >> A[I]; } Ans = PROD (A, N); cout << Product of elements = << Ans; } int PROD( int Arr[], int n) { int P = 1; for (int I = 0; I < n; I++) P = P * Arr[I]; return P; }

17 #include <iostream.h> #define MAX 10 float Average (int[], int); //prototype void main() { int A[MAX], n; float Ans; cout << Enter the number of locations ; cin >> n; for (int I = 0; I < N; I++) { cout << Enter data in A[ << I << ] = ; cin >> A[I]; } Ans = Average (A,N); cout << Average of elements = << Ans; } float Average ( int Arr[], int n) { int S = 0; for (int I = 0; I < n; I++) S = S + Arr[I]; return float(s)/n; } Average of elements of 1-D array

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