Computer Programming. C Array is a collection of data belongings to the same data type. data_type array_name[array_size];
|
|
- Amie Dean
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Arrays An array is a collection of two or more adjacent memory cells, called array elements. Array is derived data type that is used to represent collection of data items. C Array is a collection of data belongings to the same data type. Syntax data_type array_name[array_size]; Here size is called index number or subscript. The complete set of values is referred to as any array the individual elements are called elements. Array might be belonging to any of the data types. Array size must be a constant value. Example for C Arrays: int a[5]; char b[10]; // integer array // character array i.e. string An array is collection of items stored at continuous memory locations. In other words adjacent memory locations are used to store the elements. Here, int[5] specifies that we can store five different values of same type. 1
2 The amount of storage is required for holding the elements that is based up on its size and size. Array elements are stored sequentially in separate locations. The lowest address corresponds to first element and the highest address corresponds to last element. The size and type of arrays cannot be changed after its declaration. An array is a collection of data that holds fixed number of values of same type. For example: if you want to store marks of 100 students, you can create an array for it. Types of C-Arrays float marks[100]; There are 2 types of C arrays. They are, One dimensional array Two dimensional array One dimensional array: It is used to represent and store data in a linear form. Array having only one subscript variable is called one dimensional array. It is called as single dimensional or linear array. Size indicates the maximum number of elements that can be stored inside the array. The collection of data can be stored under a variable name using only one subscript. Array Declaration: The general form of array declaration is : data_type array_name[array_size]; 2
3 For example : if we want to represent a set of five numbers 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, by array variable number, then we may declare the variable number as follows example: int a[5]; The computer reserves five storage locations as shown C Array declaration tells to compiler Type of array Name of array Number of dimensions No of elements in each dimensions 3
4 ARRAY INITIALIZATION OR INITIALIZATION OF AN ARRAY After an array is declared it must be initialized. Otherwise, it will contain garbage value(any random value). An array can be initialized at either compile time or at runtime. We should assign set of values to array element before executing the program i.e at compilation time. Compile time initialization of array elements is same as ordinary variable initialization. The general form of initialization of array is, type array-name[size] = list of values ; Here list of values are separated by commas. Example int marks[4]= 67, 87, 56, 77 ; //integer array initialization float area[5]= 23.4, 6.8, 5.5 ; //float array initialization int marks[4]= 67, 87, 56, 77, 59 ; //Compile time error One important thing to remember is that when you will give more initializer(array elements) than declared array size than the compiler will give an error. #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> void main( ) int i; int arr[]=2,3,4; //Compile time array initialization for(i=0 ; i<3 ; i++) printf("%d\t",arr[i]); getch(); // Program to find the average of n (n < 10) numbers using arrays 4
5 #include <stdio.h> int main() int marks[10], i, n, sum = 0, average; printf("enter n: "); scanf("%d", &n); for(i=0; i<n; ++i) printf("enter number%d: ",i+1); scanf("%d", &marks[i]); sum += marks[i]; average = sum/n; printf("average = %d", average); return 0; Array declaration, initialization and accessing Array declaration syntax: data_type arr_name [arr_size]; Array initialization syntax: data_type arr_name [arr_size]=(value1, value2, value3,.); Array accessing syntax: arr_name[index]; Example Integer array example: int age [5]; int age[5]=0, 1, 2, 3, 4; age[0]; /*0 is accessed*/ age[1]; /*1 is accessed*/ age[2]; /*2 is accessed*/ Character array example: char str[10]; char str[10]= H, a, i ; (or) char str[0] = H ; char str[1] = a ; char str[2] = i; 5
6 ACCESSING ARRAY ELEMENTS An element is accessed by indexing the array name. This is done by placing the index of the element within square brackets after the name of the array. For example double salary = balance[9]; 1. We all know that array elements are randomly accessed using the subscript variable. 2. Array can be accessed using array-name and subscript variable written inside pair of square brackets []. GENERATING A POINTERS TO AN ARRAY When an array is declared, compiler allocates sufficient amount of memory to contain all the elements of the array. Base address i.e address of the first element of the array is also allocated by the compiler. Suppose we declare an array arr, int arr[5]= 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ; Assuming that the base address of arr is 1000 and each integer requires two bytes, the five elements will be stored as follows: Here variable arr will give the base address, which is a constant pointer pointing to the element, arr[0]. Therefore arr is containing the address of arr[0] i.e
7 In short, arr has two purpose - it is the name of an array and it acts as a pointer pointing towards the first element in the array. arr is equal to &arr[0] //by default We can use a pointer to point to an Array, and then we can use that pointer to access the array. We can declare a pointer of type int to point to the array arr. int *p; p = arr; or p = &arr[0]; //both the statements are equivalent. Now we can access every element of array arr using p++ to move from one element to another. In this program, we have a pointer ptr that points to the 0 th element of the array. Similarly, we can also declare a pointer that can point to whole array instead of only one element of the array. This pointer is useful when talking about multidimensional arrays. #include<stdio.h> int main() int arr[5] = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ; int *ptr = arr; prinf("%p\n", ptr); return 0; 7
8 The pointer *ptr will print all the values stored in the array one by one. We can also use the Base address (a in above case) to act as pointer and print all the values of address. PASSING A SINGLE DIMENSION ARRAYS TO FUNCTIONS Just like variables, array can also be passed to function as an argument. In C programming, a single array element or an entire array can be passed to a function. This can be done for both one-dimensional array and a multi-dimensional array. Array elements can be passed to function by calling function that is called call by value or pass by value. Call by value: if we pass values of variables to the called function then function are called call by value. Single element of an array can be passed in similar manner as passing variable to a function. If you want to pass a single-dimension array as an argument in a function, you would have to declare a formal parameter in one of following three ways. 8
9 Way-1 Formal parameters as a pointer void myfunction(int *param)... Way-2 Formal parameters as a sized array void myfunction(int param[10])... Way-3 Formal parameters as an unsized array void myfunction(int param[ ])... Passing an entire one-dimensional array to a function While passing arrays as arguments to the function, only the name of the array is passed (,i.e, starting address of memory area is passed as argument). C program to pass an array containing age of person to a function. This function should find average age and display the average age in main function. 9
10 STRING String is sequence of characters that is treated as a single data item. Remember that c- language does not support strings as data type. In c the string is terminated by a null character \0. A String is actually one dimensional array of characters in c- language. Strings can store multiple characters, i.e. alphabets, numbers, symbols, punctuation marks, and whitespace, unlike character data type which stores only a single character. Strings are often enclosed in quotation marks. Since strings can store numbers and other symbols as well, quotation marks help the compiler to distinguish whether the data is number or text. Character constants are enclosed in single quotes. String constants are enclosed in double quotes. The null is the first ASCII character which has value of zero. Each character occupies one byte memory and last character is always \0. \0 is called null character. \0 and zero are not same because ASCII value of \0 is 0 where as ASCII value of is
11 ASCII is indicates the end of the string and %s is control specifier for string. DECLARATION OF STRING Strings can be declaration at the time of declaration The string of array can be declared as follows Syntax Char data type string_variable[size]; INITIALIZATION OF STRING Strings can be initialized at the time of declaration. In c, strings can be initialized in different ways. Char ch [ ]= abcd ; Or Char ch [ 5]= abcd ; Or Char ch [ ]= a, b, c, d, \0 ; Or Char ch [ 5]= a, b, c, d, \0 ; String can be initialized using pointers Char *c= abcd ; DIFFERENT TYPES OF STRING Strcpy(s1, s2 ) : this function is used to copy the one string into another string. Strlen( s1, s2) : this function is used to finds the length of the strings. Strcat( s1,s2) : this function is used to Concatenates string s2 onto the end of string s1. Strcmp( s1,s2) : this function is used to returns an integer result. Strrev(s1,s2): reverses all characters in as string. 11
12 12
13 13
14 TWO DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS C language supports multidimensional arrays. The simplest form of the multidimensional array is the two-dimensional array. Both the row's and column's index begin from 0. Two dimensional array is nothing but array of arrays. A two dimensional array has two indexes i.e first index refers to the row, the second index refers to the column. Two-dimensional array is declared as follows, type array-name[row-size][column-size] ; Two dimensional array having more than one subscript that is called multi-dimensional array. Multi dimensional array is called as matrix. Example : int a[3][4]; A two-dimensional array a, which contains three rows and four columns can be shown as follows a[0][0] a[0][1] a[0][2] a[0][3] a[1][0] a[1][1] a[1][2] a[1][3] a[2][0] a[2][1] a[2][2] a[2][3] Thus, every element in the array a is identified by an element name of the form a[ i ][ j ], where 'a' is the name of the array, and 'i' and 'j' are the subscripts that uniquely identify each element in 'a'. 14
15 INITIALIZING TWO-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS The two dimensional array in C language is represented in the form of rows and columns, also known as matrix. It is also known as array of arrays or list of arrays. A way to initialize the two dimensional array at the time of declaration is given below. Syntax: type array-name[row-size][column-size]=set of values; Example int emp[4][3]= 10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100,110,120; First three elements will be 1 st row, Second three elements will be 2 nd row, Next three elements will be 3 rd row, Last three elements will be 4 th row. Here we divided into 3 because our column size is 3. Above set of values can be written as int emp [4][3]= 10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100,110,120; or int emp [4][3]= 10,20,30, 40,50,60, 70,80,90, 100,110,120 ; 15
16 Program for array initialization #include <stdio.h> int main ( ) /* an array with 5 rows and 2 columns*/ int a[5][2] = 0,0, 1,2, 2,4, 3,6,4,8; int i, j; /* output each array element's value */ for ( i = 0; i < 5; i++ ) for ( j = 0; j < 2; j++ ) printf("a[%d][%d] = %d\n", i,j, a[i][j] ); return 0; Output a[0][0]: 0 a[0][1]: 0 a[1][0]: 1 a[1][1]: 2 a[2][0]: 2 a[2][1]: 4 a[3][0]: 3 a[3][1]: 6 a[4][0]: 4 a[4][1]: 8 16
17 // C program to multiply two square matrices. #include <stdio.h> #define N 4 void multiply(int mat1[ ][N], int mat2[ ][N], int res[ ][N]) int i, j, k; for (i = 0; i < N; i++) for (j = 0; j < N; j++) res[i][j] = 0; for (k = 0; k < N; k++) res[i][j] += mat1[i][k]*mat2[k][j]; int main( ) int mat1[n][n] = 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4; int mat2[n][n] = 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4; int res[n][n]; // To store result int i, j; multiply(mat1, mat2, res); printf("result matrix is \n"); for (i = 0; i < N; i++) for (j = 0; j < N; j++) printf("%d ", res[i][j]); printf("\n"); return 0; 17
18 DECLARATION OF TWO DIMENSIONAL ARRAY An Array declaration introduces an identifier and describes its type, object, or function. A declaration is what the compiler needs to accept references to that identifier. We can declare an array in the c language in the following way. data_type array_name[size1][size2]; A simple example to declare two dimensional array is given below. int twodimen[4][3]; Here, 4 is the row number and 3 is the column number Program that accept values in 2-Dimensional 3 by 3 array and displays the sum of all the elements. void main() int arr[3][3], i, j, sum=0; /*Accepts input from the user and stores it in 2-D array*/ for(i=0;i<3;i++) for(j=0;j<3;j++) printf( \nenter the value for A[%d][%d]:,i,j); scanf( %d,&arr[i][j]); /*Calculate sum of elements in 2-D array*/ for(i=0;i<3;i++) for(j=0;j<3;j++) sum=sum+arr[i][j]; 18
19 /*Display the value of sum*/ printf( \nthe sum of the elements of 2-D array is %d, sum); Output Enter the value for A[0][0]: 1 Enter the value for A[0][1]: 2 Enter the value for A[0][2]: 3 Enter the value for A[1][0]: 4 Enter the value for A[1][1]: 5 Enter the value for A[1][2]: 6 Enter the value for A[2][0]: 7 Enter the value for A[2][1]: 8 Enter the value for A[2][2]: 9 The sum of the elements of 2-D array is 45 INDEXING POINTER pointer can replace indexing in many situations. Arrays are closely related to pointers in C programming but the important difference between them is that, a pointer variable takes different addresses as value whereas, in case of array it is fixed. 19
20 In C there is a very close connection between pointers and arrays. In fact they are more or less one and the same thing! When you declare an array as: int a[10]; we are in fact declaring a pointer a to the first element in the array. That is, a is exactly the same as &a[0]. The only difference between a and a pointer variable is that the array name is a constant pointer - you cannot change the location it points at. When you write an expression such as a[i] this is converted into a pointer expression that gives the value of the appropriate element. To be more precise, a[i] is exactly equivalent to *(a+i) i.e. the value pointed at by a + i. In the same way *(a+ 1) is the same as a[1] and so on. 1. An array's name is a constant pointer to the first element in the array that is a==&a[0] and *a==a[0]. 2. Array indexing is equivalent to pointer arithmetic - that is a+i=&a[i] and *(a+i)==a[i]. 3. In C programming, name of the array always points to address of the first element of an array. 4. In the above example, arr and &arr[0] points to the address of the first element. 5. &arr[0] is equivalent to arr 6. Since, the addresses of both are the same, the values of arr and &arr[0] are also the same. 7. arr[0] is equivalent to *arr (value of an address of the pointer) Similarly, 8. &arr[1] is equivalent to (arr + 1) AND, arr[1] is equivalent to *(arr + 1). 9. &arr[2] is equivalent to (arr + 2) AND, arr[2] is equivalent to *(arr + 2). 10. &arr[3] is equivalent to (arr + 3) AND, arr[3] is equivalent to *(arr + 3). &arr[i] is equivalent to (arr + i) AND, arr[i] is equivalent to *(arr + i). In C, you can declare an array and can use pointer to alter the data of an array. 20
21 Example: Program to find the sum of six numbers with arrays and pointers Output Enter 6 numbers: Sum = 21 VARIABLE LENGTH ARRAYS In computer programming, a variable length array is called variable sized, runtime sized. ISO C99 allows variable length arrays these arrays are declared at runtime instead of compile time. Variable length arrays is a feature where we can allocate an auto array (on stack) of variable size. Note: size or subscript is a not a expression and it must be constant value. 21
22 The general form of variable sized array void fun(int n) int arr[n]; //... int main() fun(6); Example program for Variable sized array int main ( ) int m=2; int arr[m][m]; int i,j; for (i=0; i<m; i++) arr[i][j]=0; printf( %d,arr[i][j]); Printf( \n ); return 0; 22
Module 6: Array in C
1 Table of Content 1. Introduction 2. Basics of array 3. Types of Array 4. Declaring Arrays 5. Initializing an array 6. Processing an array 7. Summary Learning objectives 1. To understand the concept of
More informationTo declare an array in C, a programmer specifies the type of the elements and the number of elements required by an array as follows
Unti 4: C Arrays Arrays a kind of data structure that can store a fixed-size sequential collection of elements of the same type An array is used to store a collection of data, but it is often more useful
More informationARRAYS(II Unit Part II)
ARRAYS(II Unit Part II) Array: An array is a collection of two or more adjacent cells of similar type. Each cell in an array is called as array element. Each array should be identified with a meaningful
More informationWrite a C program using arrays and structure
03 Arrays and Structutes 3.1 Arrays Declaration and initialization of one dimensional, two dimensional and character arrays, accessing array elements. (10M) 3.2 Declaration and initialization of string
More informationGovernment Polytechnic Muzaffarpur.
Government Polytechnic Muzaffarpur. Name of the Lab: COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB (MECH. ENGG. GROUP) Subject Code: 1625408 Experiment: 1 Aim: Programming exercise on executing a C program. If you are looking
More informationClassification s of Data Structures
Linear Data Structures using Sequential organization Classification s of Data Structures Types of Data Structures Arrays Declaration of arrays type arrayname [ arraysize ]; Ex-double balance[10]; Arrays
More informationArrays. Example: Run the below program, it will crash in Windows (TurboC Compiler)
1 Arrays General Questions 1. What will happen if in a C program you assign a value to an array element whose subscript exceeds the size of array? A. The element will be set to 0. B. The compiler would
More informationUnit 1 - Arrays. 1 What is an array? Explain with Example. What are the advantages of using an array?
1 What is an array? Explain with Example. What are the advantages of using an array? An array is a fixed-size sequenced collection of elements of the same data type. An array is derived data type. The
More informationCSE101-Lec#18. Multidimensional Arrays Application of arrays. Created By: Amanpreet Kaur & Sanjeev Kumar SME (CSE) LPU. LPU CSE101 C Programming
CSE101-Lec#18 Multidimensional Arrays Application of arrays Created By: Amanpreet Kaur & Sanjeev Kumar SME (CSE) LPU Outline Defining and processing 1D array 2D array Applications of arrays 1-D array A
More informationONE DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS
LECTURE 14 ONE DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS Array : An array is a fixed sized sequenced collection of related data items of same data type. In its simplest form an array can be used to represent a list of numbers
More informationComputers Programming Course 10. Iulian Năstac
Computers Programming Course 10 Iulian Năstac Recap from previous course 5. Values returned by a function A return statement causes execution to leave the current subroutine and resume at the point in
More informationMulti-Dimensional arrays
Multi-Dimensional arrays An array having more then one dimension is known as multi dimensional arrays. Two dimensional array is also an example of multi dimensional array. One can specify as many dimensions
More informationCharacters in C consist of any printable or nonprintable character in the computer s character set including lowercase letters, uppercase letters,
Strings Characters in C consist of any printable or nonprintable character in the computer s character set including lowercase letters, uppercase letters, decimal digits, special characters and escape
More informationUNIT 2 ARRAYS 2.0 INTRODUCTION. Structure. Page Nos.
UNIT 2 ARRAYS Arrays Structure Page Nos. 2.0 Introduction 23 2.1 Objectives 24 2.2 Arrays and Pointers 24 2.3 Sparse Matrices 25 2.4 Polynomials 28 2.5 Representation of Arrays 30 2.5.1 Row Major Representation
More informationJagannath Institute of Management Sciences Lajpat Nagar. BCA II Sem. C Programming
Jagannath Institute of Management Sciences Lajpat Nagar BCA II Sem C Programming UNIT I Pointers: Introduction to Pointers, Pointer Notation,Decalaration and Initialization, Accessing variable through
More informationPDS Class Test 2. Room Sections No of students
PDS Class Test 2 Date: October 27, 2016 Time: 7pm to 8pm Marks: 20 (Weightage 50%) Room Sections No of students V1 Section 8 (All) Section 9 (AE,AG,BT,CE, CH,CS,CY,EC,EE,EX) V2 Section 9 (Rest, if not
More information'C' Programming Language
F.Y. Diploma : Sem. II [DE/EJ/ET/EN/EX] 'C' Programming Language Time: 3 Hrs.] Prelim Question Paper Solution [Marks : 70 Q.1 Attempt any FIVE of the following : [10] Q.1(a) Define pointer. Write syntax
More informationComputers Programming Course 11. Iulian Năstac
Computers Programming Course 11 Iulian Năstac Recap from previous course Cap. Matrices (Arrays) Matrix representation is a method used by a computer language to store matrices of different dimension in
More informationSubject: Fundamental of Computer Programming 2068
Subject: Fundamental of Computer Programming 2068 1 Write an algorithm and flowchart to determine whether a given integer is odd or even and explain it. Algorithm Step 1: Start Step 2: Read a Step 3: Find
More informationArrays and Strings. Arash Rafiey. September 12, 2017
September 12, 2017 Arrays Array is a collection of variables with the same data type. Arrays Array is a collection of variables with the same data type. Instead of declaring individual variables, such
More informationIV Unit Second Part STRUCTURES
STRUCTURES IV Unit Second Part Structure is a very useful derived data type supported in c that allows grouping one or more variables of different data types with a single name. The general syntax of structure
More informationArrays a kind of data structure that can store a fixedsize sequential collection of elements of the same type. An array is used to store a collection
Morteza Noferesti Arrays a kind of data structure that can store a fixedsize sequential collection of elements of the same type. An array is used to store a collection of data, but it is often more useful
More informationComputer Programming Unit 3
POINTERS INTRODUCTION Pointers are important in c-language. Some tasks are performed more easily with pointers such as dynamic memory allocation, cannot be performed without using pointers. So it s very
More informationComputers Programming Course 12. Iulian Năstac
Computers Programming Course 12 Iulian Năstac Recap from previous course Strings in C The character string is one of the most widely used applications that involves vectors. A string in C is an array of
More informationQ 1. Attempt any TEN of the following:
Subject Code: 17212 Model Answer Page No: 1 / 26 Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. 2) The
More informationMultiple Choice Questions ( 1 mark)
Multiple Choice Questions ( 1 mark) Unit-1 1. is a step by step approach to solve any problem.. a) Process b) Programming Language c) Algorithm d) Compiler 2. The process of walking through a program s
More informationITC213: STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING. Bhaskar Shrestha National College of Computer Studies Tribhuvan University
ITC213: STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING Bhaskar Shrestha National College of Computer Studies Tribhuvan University Lecture 10: Arrays Readings: Chapter 9 Introduction Group of same type of variables that have same
More informationArrays and Pointers. CSE 2031 Fall November 11, 2013
Arrays and Pointers CSE 2031 Fall 2013 November 11, 2013 1 Arrays l Grouping of data of the same type. l Loops commonly used for manipulation. l Programmers set array sizes explicitly. 2 Arrays: Example
More informationAn array is a collection of data that holds fixed number of values of same type. It is also known as a set. An array is a data type.
Data Structures Introduction An array is a collection of data that holds fixed number of values of same type. It is also known as a set. An array is a data type. Representation of a large number of homogeneous
More informationIntroduction to Scientific Computing and Problem Solving
Introduction to Scientific Computing and Problem Solving Lecture #22 Pointers CS4 - Introduction to Scientific Computing and Problem Solving 2010-22.0 Announcements HW8 due tomorrow at 2:30pm What s left:
More informationAPSC 160 Review. CPSC 259: Data Structures and Algorithms for Electrical Engineers. Hassan Khosravi Borrowing many questions from Ed Knorr
CPSC 259: Data Structures and Algorithms for Electrical Engineers APSC 160 Review Hassan Khosravi Borrowing many questions from Ed Knorr CPSC 259 Pointers Page 1 Learning Goal Briefly review some key programming
More informationF.Y. Diploma : Sem. II [CO/CD/CM/CW/IF] Programming in C
F.Y. Diploma : Sem. II [CO/CD/CM/CW/IF] Programming in C Time : 3 Hrs.] Prelim Question Paper Solution [Marks : 70 Q.1 Attempt any FIVE of the following : [10] Q.1 (a) List any four relational operators.
More informationPointers (part 1) What are pointers? EECS We have seen pointers before. scanf( %f, &inches );! 25 September 2017
Pointers (part 1) EECS 2031 25 September 2017 1 What are pointers? We have seen pointers before. scanf( %f, &inches );! 2 1 Example char c; c = getchar(); printf( %c, c); char c; char *p; c = getchar();
More informationLesson 7. Reading and Writing a.k.a. Input and Output
Lesson 7 Reading and Writing a.k.a. Input and Output Escape sequences for printf strings Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/escape_sequences_in_c Escape sequences for printf strings Why do we need escape
More informationUNIT - V STRUCTURES AND UNIONS
UNIT - V STRUCTURES AND UNIONS STRUCTURE DEFINITION A structure definition creates a format that may be used to declare structure variables. Let us use an example to illustrate the process of structure
More informationAPSC 160 Review Part 2
APSC 160 Review Part 2 Arrays September 11, 2017 Hassan Khosravi / Geoffrey Tien 1 Arrays A collection of data elements of the same type Stored in consecutive memory locations and each element referenced
More informationArrays and Pointers. Arrays. Arrays: Example. Arrays: Definition and Access. Arrays Stored in Memory. Initialization. EECS 2031 Fall 2014.
Arrays Arrays and Pointers l Grouping of data of the same type. l Loops commonly used for manipulation. l Programmers set array sizes explicitly. EECS 2031 Fall 2014 November 11, 2013 1 2 Arrays: Example
More informationArrays. CS10001: Programming & Data Structures. Pallab Dasgupta Dept. of Computer Sc. & Engg., Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Arrays CS10001: Programming & Data Structures Pallab Dasgupta Dept. of Computer Sc. & Engg., Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Array Many applications require multiple data items that have common
More informationMaltepe University Computer Engineering Department. BİL 133 Algoritma ve Programlama. Chapter 8: Arrays and pointers
Maltepe University Computer Engineering Department BİL 133 Algoritma ve Programlama Chapter 8: Arrays and pointers Basics int * ptr1, * ptr2; int a[10]; ptr1 = &a[2]; ptr2 = a; // equivalent to ptr2 =
More informationUnit IV & V Previous Papers 1 mark Answers
1 What is pointer to structure? Pointer to structure: Unit IV & V Previous Papers 1 mark Answers The beginning address of a structure can be accessed through the use of the address (&) operator If a variable
More informationArrays in C. By Mrs. Manisha Kuveskar.
Arrays in C By Mrs. Manisha Kuveskar. C Programming Arrays An array is a collection of data that holds fixed number of values of same type. For example: if you want to store marks of 100 students, you
More informationIt is necessary to have a single function main in every C program, along with other functions used/defined by the programmer.
Functions A number of statements grouped into a single logical unit are called a function. The use of function makes programming easier since repeated statements can be grouped into functions. Splitting
More informationArray Initialization
Array Initialization Array declarations can specify initializations for the elements of the array: int primes[10] = { 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29 ; initializes primes[0] to 2, primes[1] to 3, primes[2]
More informationPES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BSC) I MCA, First IA Test, November 2015 Programming Using C (13MCA11) Solution Set Faculty: Jeny Jijo
PES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BSC) I MCA, First IA Test, November 2015 Programming Using C (13MCA11) Solution Set Faculty: Jeny Jijo 1. (a)what is an algorithm? Draw a flowchart to print N terms of Fibonacci
More informationArrays in C. Rab Nawaz Jadoon DCS. Assistant Professor. Department of Computer Science. COMSATS IIT, Abbottabad Pakistan
Arrays in C DCS COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Rab Nawaz Jadoon Assistant Professor COMSATS IIT, Abbottabad Pakistan Introduction to Computer Programming (ICP) Array C language provides a
More informationUNIT 6. STRUCTURED DATA TYPES PART 1: ARRAYS
UNIT 6. STRUCTURED DATA TYPES PART 1: ARRAYS Programming Year 2017-2018 Industrial Technology Engineering Paula de Toledo Contents 1. Structured data types vs simple data types 2. Arrays (vectors and matrices)
More informationLab 3. Pointers Programming Lab (Using C) XU Silei
Lab 3. Pointers Programming Lab (Using C) XU Silei slxu@cse.cuhk.edu.hk Outline What is Pointer Memory Address & Pointers How to use Pointers Pointers Assignments Call-by-Value & Call-by-Address Functions
More informationMODULE 3: Arrays, Functions and Strings
MODULE 3: Arrays, Functions and Strings Contents covered in this module I. Using an Array II. Functions in C III. Argument Passing IV. Functions and Program Structure, locations of functions V. Function
More informationContent. In this chapter, you will learn:
ARRAYS & HEAP Content In this chapter, you will learn: To introduce the array data structure To understand the use of arrays To understand how to define an array, initialize an array and refer to individual
More informationArrays and Pointers (part 1)
Arrays and Pointers (part 1) CSE 2031 Fall 2012 Arrays Grouping of data of the same type. Loops commonly used for manipulation. Programmers set array sizes explicitly. Arrays: Example Syntax type name[size];
More informationUnit 3 Decision making, Looping and Arrays
Unit 3 Decision making, Looping and Arrays Decision Making During programming, we have a number of situations where we may have to change the order of execution of statements based on certain conditions.
More informationComputer Science & Engineering 150A Problem Solving Using Computers
Computer Science & Engineering 150A Problem Solving Using Computers Lecture 06 - Stephen Scott Adapted from Christopher M. Bourke 1 / 30 Fall 2009 Chapter 8 8.1 Declaring and 8.2 Array Subscripts 8.3 Using
More informationFundamentals of Programming
Fundamentals of Programming Lecture 6 - Array and String Lecturer : Ebrahim Jahandar Borrowed from lecturer notes by Omid Jafarinezhad Array Generic declaration: typename variablename[size]; typename is
More informationHow to declare an array in C?
Introduction An array is a collection of data that holds fixed number of values of same type. It is also known as a set. An array is a data type. Representation of a large number of homogeneous values.
More informationArrays. C Types. Derived. Function Array Pointer Structure Union Enumerated. EE 1910 Winter 2017/18
C Types Derived Function Array Pointer Structure Union Enumerated 2 tj Arrays Student 0 Student 1 Student 2 Student 3 Student 4 Student 0 Student 1 Student 2 Student 3 Student 4 Student[0] Student[1] Student[2]
More informationLecture (07) Arrays. By: Dr. Ahmed ElShafee. Dr. Ahmed ElShafee, ACU : Fall 2015, Programming I
Lecture (07) Arrays By: Dr Ahmed ElShafee ١ introduction An array is used to store a collection of data, but it is often more useful to think of an array as a collection of variables of the same type Instead
More informationArrays. Dr. Madhumita Sengupta. Assistant Professor IIIT Kalyani
Arrays Dr. Madhumita Sengupta Assistant Professor IIIT Kalyani INTRODUCTION An array is a collection of similar data s / data types. The s of the array are stored in consecutive memory locations and are
More informationArrays Arrays and pointers Loops and performance Array comparison Strings. John Edgar 2
CMPT 125 Arrays Arrays and pointers Loops and performance Array comparison Strings John Edgar 2 Python a sequence of data access elements with [index] index from [0] to [len-1] dynamic length heterogeneous
More informationArrays and Pointers (part 1)
Arrays and Pointers (part 1) CSE 2031 Fall 2010 17 October 2010 1 Arrays Grouping of data of the same type. Loops commonly used for manipulation. Programmers set array sizes explicitly. 2 1 Arrays: Example
More informationOutline. Computer Memory Structure Addressing Concept Introduction to Pointer Pointer Manipulation Summary
Pointers 1 2 Outline Computer Memory Structure Addressing Concept Introduction to Pointer Pointer Manipulation Summary 3 Computer Memory Revisited Computers store data in memory slots Each slot has an
More informationContents ARRAYS. Introduction:
UNIT-III ARRAYS AND STRINGS Contents Single and Multidimensional Arrays: Array Declaration and Initialization of arrays Arrays as function arguments. Strings: Initialization and String handling functions.
More informationM4.1-R3: PROGRAMMING AND PROBLEM SOLVING THROUGH C LANGUAGE
M4.1-R3: PROGRAMMING AND PROBLEM SOLVING THROUGH C LANGUAGE NOTE: 1. There are TWO PARTS in this Module/Paper. PART ONE contains FOUR questions and PART TWO contains FIVE questions. 2. PART ONE is to be
More informationDynamic memory allocation
Dynamic memory allocation outline Memory allocation functions Array allocation Matrix allocation Examples Memory allocation functions (#include ) malloc() Allocates a specified number of bytes
More informationFirst of all, it is a variable, just like other variables you studied
Pointers: Basics What is a pointer? First of all, it is a variable, just like other variables you studied So it has type, storage etc. Difference: it can only store the address (rather than the value)
More informationArrays. Arrays are of 3 types One dimensional array Two dimensional array Multidimensional array
Arrays Array is a collection of similar data types sharing same name or Array is a collection of related data items. Array is a derived data type. Char, float, int etc are fundamental data types used in
More informationQUIZ: loops. Write a program that prints the integers from -7 to 15 (inclusive) using: for loop while loop do...while loop
QUIZ: loops Write a program that prints the integers from -7 to 15 (inclusive) using: for loop while loop do...while loop QUIZ: loops Write a program that prints the integers from -7 to 15 using: for
More informationB.V. Patel Institute of Business Management, Computer & Information Technology, Uka Tarsadia University
Unit 1 Programming Language and Overview of C 1. State whether the following statements are true or false. a. Every line in a C program should end with a semicolon. b. In C language lowercase letters are
More informationChapter 3: Arrays and More C Functionality
Chapter 3: Arrays and More C Functionality Objectives: (a) Describe how an array is stored in memory. (b) Define a string, and describe how strings are stored. (c) Describe the implications of reading
More informationCS11001/CS11002 Programming and Data Structures (PDS) (Theory: 3-1-0) Introduction to arrays
CS11001/CS11002 Programming and Data Structures (PDS) (Theory: 3-1-0) Introduction to arrays 1 What are Arrays? Arrays are our first example of structured data. Think of a book with pages numbered 1,2,...,400.
More informationUnit 7. Functions. Need of User Defined Functions
Unit 7 Functions Functions are the building blocks where every program activity occurs. They are self contained program segments that carry out some specific, well defined task. Every C program must have
More informationCSCI 6610: Intermediate Programming / C Chapter 12 Strings
... 1/26 CSCI 6610: Intermediate Programming / C Chapter 12 Alice E. Fischer February 10, 2016 ... 2/26 Outline The C String Library String Processing in C Compare and Search in C C++ String Functions
More informationArrays. Defining arrays, declaration and initialization of arrays. Designed by Parul Khurana, LIECA.
Arrays Defining arrays, declaration and initialization of arrays Introduction Many applications require the processing of multiple data items that have common characteristics (e.g., a set of numerical
More informationChapter 8 Character Arrays and Strings
Chapter 8 Character Arrays and Strings INTRODUCTION A string is a sequence of characters that is treated as a single data item. String constant: String constant example. \ String constant example.\ \ includes
More informationSingle Dimension Arrays
ARRAYS Single Dimension Arrays Array Notion of an array Homogeneous collection of variables of same type. Group of consecutive memory locations. Linear and indexed data structure. To refer to an element,
More information{C} Programming. Part 1/2 Basics Variables, Conditions, Loops, Arrays, Pointer basics
{C Programming Part 1/2 Basics Variables, Conditions, Loops, Arrays, Pointer basics Variables A variable is a container (storage area) to hold data. Eg. Variable name int potionstrength = 95; Variable
More informationFundamental of Programming (C)
Borrowed from lecturer notes by Omid Jafarinezhad Fundamental of Programming (C) Lecturer: Vahid Khodabakhshi Lecture 9 Pointer Department of Computer Engineering 1/46 Outline Defining and using Pointers
More informationFunctions. Arash Rafiey. September 26, 2017
September 26, 2017 are the basic building blocks of a C program. are the basic building blocks of a C program. A function can be defined as a set of instructions to perform a specific task. are the basic
More informationC Language Part 2 Digital Computer Concept and Practice Copyright 2012 by Jaejin Lee
C Language Part 2 (Minor modifications by the instructor) 1 Scope Rules A variable declared inside a function is a local variable Each local variable in a function comes into existence when the function
More informationFeatures of C. Portable Procedural / Modular Structured Language Statically typed Middle level language
1 History C is a general-purpose, high-level language that was originally developed by Dennis M. Ritchie to develop the UNIX operating system at Bell Labs. C was originally first implemented on the DEC
More informationUNIT-I Fundamental Notations
UNIT-I Fundamental Notations Introduction to Data Structure We know that data are simply values or set of values and information is the processed data. And actually the concept of data structure is much
More informationModel Viva Questions for Programming in C lab
Model Viva Questions for Programming in C lab Title of the Practical: Assignment to prepare general algorithms and flow chart. Q1: What is a flowchart? A1: A flowchart is a diagram that shows a continuous
More informationScheme G. Sample Test Paper-I. Course Name : Computer Engineering Group Course Code : CO/CD/CM/CW/IF Semester : Second Subject Tile : Programming in C
Sample Test Paper-I Marks : 25 Time:1 Hrs. Q1. Attempt any THREE 09 Marks a) State four relational operators with meaning. b) State the use of break statement. c) What is constant? Give any two examples.
More informationDECLARAING AND INITIALIZING POINTERS
DECLARAING AND INITIALIZING POINTERS Passing arguments Call by Address Introduction to Pointers Within the computer s memory, every stored data item occupies one or more contiguous memory cells (i.e.,
More informationFundamental of Programming (C)
Borrowed from lecturer notes by Omid Jafarinezhad Fundamental of Programming (C) Lecturer: Vahid Khodabakhshi Lecture 7 Array and String Department of Computer Engineering Outline Array String Department
More informationIntroduction to Programming in C Department of Computer Science and Engineering. Lecture No. #43. Multidimensional Arrays
Introduction to Programming in C Department of Computer Science and Engineering Lecture No. #43 Multidimensional Arrays In this video will look at multi-dimensional arrays. (Refer Slide Time: 00:03) In
More informationESC101N: Fundamentals of Computing End-sem st semester
ESC101N: Fundamentals of Computing End-sem 2010-11 1st semester Instructor: Arnab Bhattacharya 8:00-11:00am, 15th November, 2010 Instructions 1. Please write your name, roll number and section below. 2.
More informationMore Arrays. Last updated 2/6/19
More Last updated 2/6/19 2 Dimensional Consider a table 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 12 11 13 14 15 19 17 16 3 1 4 rows x 5 columns 2 tj 2 Dimensional Consider a table 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 12 11 13 14 15 19 17 16
More informationPrinciples of Programming. Chapter 6: Arrays
Chapter 6: Arrays In this chapter, you will learn about Introduction to Array Array declaration Array initialization Assigning values to array elements Reading values from array elements Simple Searching
More informationCS201- Introduction to Programming Latest Solved Mcqs from Midterm Papers May 07,2011. MIDTERM EXAMINATION Spring 2010
CS201- Introduction to Programming Latest Solved Mcqs from Midterm Papers May 07,2011 Lectures 1-22 Moaaz Siddiq Asad Ali Latest Mcqs MIDTERM EXAMINATION Spring 2010 Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please
More informationPrinciples of C and Memory Management
COMP281 Lecture 9 Principles of C and Memory Management Dr Lei Shi Last Lecture Today Pointer to Array Pointer Arithmetic Pointer with Functions struct Storage classes typedef union String struct struct
More informationGabriel Hugh Elkaim Spring CMPE 013/L: C Programming. CMPE 013/L: C Programming
1 2 3 CMPE 013/L and Strings Gabriel Hugh Elkaim Spring 2013 4 Definition are variables that can store many items of the same type. The individual items known as elements, are stored sequentially and are
More informationIn the previous lecture, we learned about how to find the complexity of algorithms and search algorithms on array.
Lecture 2 What we will learn 1. Definition of Arrays 2. Representation of Arrays in memory 3. Row-major Order and Column-major Order In the previous lecture, we learned about how to find the complexity
More informationChapter 8 Arrays and Strings. Objectives. Objectives (cont d.) Introduction. Arrays 12/23/2016. In this chapter, you will:
Chapter 8 Arrays and Strings Objectives In this chapter, you will: Learn about arrays Declare and manipulate data into arrays Learn about array index out of bounds Learn about the restrictions on array
More informationString can be represented as a single-dimensional character type array. Declaration of strings
String String is the collection of characters. An array of characters. String can be represented as a single-dimensional character type array. Declaration of strings char string-name[size]; char address[25];
More informationLecture 05 I/O statements Printf, Scanf Simple statements, Compound statements
Programming, Data Structures and Algorithms Prof. Shankar Balachandran Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Lecture 05 I/O statements Printf, Scanf Simple
More informationUNDERSTANDING THE COMPUTER S MEMORY
POINTERS UNDERSTANDING THE COMPUTER S MEMORY Every computer has a primary memory. All our data and programs need to be placed in the primary memory for execution. The primary memory or RAM (Random Access
More informationGrade Distribution. Exam 1 Exam 2. Exams 1 & 2. # of Students. Total: 17. Total: 17. Total: 17
Grade Distribution Exam 1 Exam 2 Score # of Students Score # of Students 16 4 14 6 12 4 10 2 8 1 Total: 17 Exams 1 & 2 14 2 12 4 10 5 8 5 4 1 Total: 17 Score # of Students 28 2 26 5 24 1 22 4 20 3 18 2
More informationb. array s first element address c. base address of an array d. all elements of an array e. both b and c 9. An array elements are always stored in a.
UNIT IV 1. Appropriately comment on the following declaration int a[20]; a. Array declaration b. array initialization c. pointer array declaration d. integer array of size 20 2. Appropriately comment on
More informationPointers. Introduction
Pointers Spring Semester 2007 Programming and Data Structure 1 Introduction A pointer is a variable that represents the location (rather than the value) of a data item. They have a number of useful applications.
More informationMAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION (Autonomous) (ISO/IEC Certified)
Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. 2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate
More information