Software Design Heuristics

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1 Software Design Heuristics Software Design Heuristics CONTENT 1. Introduction 2. Encapsulation/Information Hiding 3. Strong Cohesion 4. Loose Dr. Samira Sadaoui 1

2 Introduction Introduction Software Design Heuristics: - Guidelines for a good design - Manage the complexity of the design Dr. Samira Sadaoui 2

3 Design Heuristics 1. Find real-world objects (classes) Introduction 2. Form consistent abstraction (good and understandable view of object) 3. Encapsulate implementation details 4. Aim for strong cohesion for classes/routines 5. Keep louse coupling among classes/routines 6. Draw diagrams (e.g. using the UML) 7. Inherit when it is possible Note: A module is a class or routine Dr. Samira Sadaoui 3

4 Encapsulation/Information Hiding Encapsulation/Information Hiding Abstraction: you are allowed to ignore details Encapsulation: you are not allowed to look at the implementation details (at the complexity) In C++: header file (interface) + implementation file (hidden) Information hiding: identify and hide secrets for safety reason; example, the implementation of the student s ID Dr. Samira Sadaoui 4

5 Strong Cohesion Strong Cohesion A measure of how much the internal elements logically belong together A class implements one and only one ADT How closely all the routines are in a class All the code in a routine solves one and only one problem (types of cohesion) Dr. Samira Sadaoui 5

6 A measure of how inter-independent modules are Example: two modules can share the same data, or one module can pass its data (via parameter passing/return value) into another module. The looser, the better! Dr. Samira Sadaoui 6

7 Criteria Size: keep the number of connections between modules minimal Visibility: keep a prominent connection (visible and direct) - parameter passing rather than sharing global data Flexibility: make it as easy as possible to change connections between modules - prefer passing primitive data types rather than objects Dr. Samira Sadaoui 7

8 Loose If any two modules communicate, they should exchange as little information as possible Examples: - one module calls another with no parameter passing nor return values - e.g. clearscreen() - routines with few parameters - classes with few public methods Dr. Samira Sadaoui 8

9 Tight Two routines sharing a same global data Declaring all variables as public One module uses control information held within another module Unnecessary data passed between modules Dr. Samira Sadaoui 9

10 Benefits of Loose The looser the coupling, the easier it is to adapt the design A particular module is not tied to a program, and it can easily reused in other programs (without the programmer having to worry about the data being used) A loosed coupled module is easily tested, maintained, understood, and reused Several modules can be developed/tested in parallel with other modules by a team of software engineers, saving development time Dr. Samira Sadaoui 10

11 Types of Simple-Data-Parameter : 2 modules are simple-data-parameter coupled if all the data passed between them are primitive data types and all the data is passed through parameters lists. Simple-Object : a module M is simple-object coupled to an object O if M instantiates O. Dr. Samira Sadaoui 11

12 Types of Object-Parameter : 2 modules M1 and M2 are object-parameter coupled if M1 passes M2 an object rather a primitive data type. This is less flexible than passing primitives types. Semantic : a module makes use of some knowledge of the internal implementation of another module. Dangerous coupling! Dr. Samira Sadaoui 12

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