1. Git. Robert Snapp

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1 . Git Robert Snapp Department of Computer Science University of Vermont CS 3 (UVM). Git Fall 0 /

2 Git CS 3 (UVM). Git Fall 0 /

3 Setting your defaults in /.git > git config --global user.name "My Name" > git config --global user. 3> git config --global color.ui auto 4> git config --global core.editor /path/to/favorite_editor Sets your user name, which will be included as meta info in your commits. Sets your address. 3 Adds colored text to help distinguish different states of your files. 4 Identifies an editor to use when git needs you to write a commit message. There are dozens of variables for customizing Git. For more details, invoke git help config CS 3 (UVM). Git Fall 0 3 /

4 Creating a new repository > mkdir my_project > cd my_project 3> git init 4> echo "Here is a new file" > new_file.txt 5> git add new_file.txt 6> git commit -m "Initial commit." Create a new directory. Change to the new directory. 3 Create a Git repository: creates a subdirectory.git in my_project. 4 Create a file called new_file.txt. More likely you will invoke your text editor for this step. 5 Stage new_file.txt in the index. 6 Commit the staged files to the repository in subdirectory.git. CS 3 (UVM). Git Fall 0 4 /

5 Creating a repository in an existing project > cd /path/to/old_project > git init 3> git add. 4> git commit -m "Initial commit." Change to the new directory. Create a Git repository: creates a subdirectory.git in the current working directory. 3 Stage every file and subdirectory into the index. This is recursive. 4 Commit the staged files to the repository in subdirectory.git. CS 3 (UVM). Git Fall 0 5 /

6 Creating a clone of a repository > git clone /path/to/local/repository/ or > git clone git://github.com/github_account_name/repo.git or 3> git clone Clone from a local repository Clone from git hub. 3 Clone from a web server; using https also works. One can also clone remotely using ssh. CS 3 (UVM). Git Fall 0 6 /

7 Accessing Information about Your Repository > git status returns a list of all untracked files (those that have not yet been added), modified files that have not yet been staged, and staged files that have not yet been committed. > git log returns a history of all commits, including each SHA- code, and commit messages. 3> git diff 4> git diff --cached describe the differences between the HEAD of the repository and files that have been modified, but unstaged. The second form describes differences between the HEAD of the repository and staged files. 5> git help lists every command. git help command describes how to use each command. CS 3 (UVM). Git Fall 0 7 /

8 Keeping Certain Files Out of Your Repository Method One: Create a file called.gitignore with the following content (for example):.ds_store * *.o (We ll call this your global.gitignore.) All files that match will by default be excluded from every repository within your directory tree, and will not be tracked. They will no longer appear after running git status. Method Two: Create a file called.gitignore in the same directory that contains a.git/ repository. It might contain something like data classes todo.org *.jar (Is it a good idea to include.gitignore on a line in this file. Why or why not?) Method Three: Within the repository itself, edit the file called.git/info/exclude, adding entries in the same manner as above. Mix and match methods according to taste. CS 3 (UVM). Git Fall 0 8 /

9 Moving and renaming files and subdirectories. Once file main.c has been added to your repository, don t run mv main.c main.c or mv main.c src/main.c. Although these common commands will change the files in your working directory, they will not be staged in the repository. Instead use > git mv file_name new_name > git mv file_name sub_dir/ Renames the indicated file to new_name, and stages the name change in the index. Note that git will not allow you to move a file onto an existing file, unless you also provide the option --force or -f. Words of wisdom: Don t force anything unless you really know that you know what you are doing. Moves the indicated file to the subdirectory sub_dir/ and stages the move in the index. Note that you will still need to add the file using git add new_name. CS 3 (UVM). Git Fall 0 9 /

10 Removing files and subdirectories. Likewise, don t run rm main.c or mv main.c src/main.c. Although these common commands will change the files in your working directory, they will not be staged in the repository. Instead use > git rm -- file_name > git rm -r -- dir_name/ Removes the indicated file from your working directory, and stages the removal in the index. Recursively removes the indicated directory, and all of its contents from your working directory, and stages the removal from the index. CS 3 (UVM). Git Fall 0 0 /

11 Local Workflow After each development phase (e.g., after a successful compilation, or test), run git status to see the modified files. Stage the ones you wish to commit, by invoking git add file.c file.h etc. 3 Have a sip of tea or coffee. 4 The commit them with git commit -m Short informative message -m Longer detailed description. Note: if you forget the -m option, git will invoke your globally defined text editor and prompt you for an informative commit message. It is generally a good idea for each commit message to begin with a concise sentence, i.e., Added feature X to module Y, which would then be followed after a blank line with a more detailed paragraph listing the files and functions that were modified, classes added, etc. 5 Repeat this process throughout the work day. CS 3 (UVM). Git Fall 0 /

12 Working with a Remote Repository > git fetch remote_name > git merge or 3> git pull remote_name 3> git push remote_name branch CS 3 (UVM). Git Fall 0 /

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