Arrays in Functions!

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1 Arrays in Functions! 1E3! Topic 12! 12 Arrays in Functions 1 Objectives! n This topic should allow students to! n Pass array elements to functions! n Pass whole arrays to functions! n Write functions that update arrays! n This topic is based on sections of Chapter?? of the textbook.! 12 Arrays in Functions 2 1

2 Functions! n Why do we use functions?! n Why would be want to pass an array element to a function?! n Why would be want to pass an array to a function?! n Revisit the Functions topic if necessary.! 12 Arrays in Functions 3 Passing in array elements! n If even(n) is a function that takes an integer! n And nums is an array of 10 integers then the following are valid! n even(nums[3]);! n even (nums[i]); //if i is e.g. 4! 12 Arrays in Functions 4 2

3 Exercise! n Write a program to square a sequence of 10 numbers.! n E.g. user enters 1, 2.5, 4, 3.2,! n Prints out e.g. 1, 6.25, 16, 10.24,! n Use an array to hold the numbers.! n Use a function square(x).! 12 Arrays in Functions 5 Solutions! n squaresequence.cpp squares each number as it prints them out! n cout << square(numbers[i]);! n squaresequencea.cpp replaces the elements of the original array by the squared values! n numbers[i] = square(numbers[i]); n This version leads on nicely to the next topic.! 12 Arrays in Functions 6 3

4 Functions that take arrays! n You can pass a whole array to a function.! n The problem is the function needs to be told the size of the array.! n Suppose sum_array adds up the numbers in an array! n x = sum_array(numbers,array_size); n The first parameter tells the function where to find the array.! n The second one tells it how big it is.! 12 Arrays in Functions 7 Definition of sum_array! n Declaration:! n double sum_array (double a[], int size);! n Inside the definition you access elements of array a as a[i]! n E.g. total = total + a[i]; n See sumsequence.cpp! 12 Arrays in Functions 8 4

5 Array parameters are modifiable! n Functions that take arrays can modify the elements of the array.! n Thus array parameters are like reference parameters.! n Without a need for the &.! n Use this fact to turn squaresequencea.cpp into a version that uses functions.! n See squaresequenceb.cpp! 12 Arrays in Functions 9 square_array function! n void square_array (double a[], size) { a[i] = square (a[i]); } n The line shown alters the value of the ith slot of whatever array was passed into the function as a.! n Calling the function: square_array(numbers, ARRAY_SIZE);! n The values in numbers are changed by the function square_array.! 12 Arrays in Functions 10 5

6 Reading into arrays! n Write a function to read a list of grades or words into an array.! n E.g. for firstarray program or reversesequence! n Again because array parameters are modifiable (without &) this is easy.! n The reading function needs to know how many elements to read.! 12 Arrays in Functions 11 Read_array function! void read_array(double a[], int asize) { //reads asize values into array a int i; for (i = 0; i < asize; i++) } cin >> a[i]; n See readarray.cpp which is a version of! firstarray.cpp that uses the above function! 12 Arrays in Functions 12 6

7 Const modifier! n By default functions can modify their array parameters.! n If they don t modify the array, it is good practice to! n indicate that to the users and! n make the compiler prevent inadvertent modification.! n double sum_array (const double a[], int size); n Const says that sum_array function does not alter elements of the array parameter.! 12 Arrays in Functions 13 Remember! n Functions that process arrays should take a size parameter.! n Functions that do not modify the array parameter should use the const modifier.! 12 Arrays in Functions 14 7

8 Which func)on reads in a? A. void f (int a[], int size) B. int g (const int a[], int size) C. void h (const int a[], int size) D. int k (int a[], int size) Which func)on prints a? A. void f (int a[], int size) B. int g (const int a[], int size) C. void h (const int a[], int size) D. int k (int a[], int size) 8

9 Which func)on returns the max value in a? A. void f (int a[], int size) B. int g (const int a[], int size) C. void h (const int a[], int size) D. int k (int a[], int size) Which func)on squares all the values in a? A. void f (int a[], int size) B. int g (const int a[], int size) C. void h (const int a[], int size) D. int k (int a[], int size) 9

10 Clean Living! n Just as we avoid mixing value-returning functions with side-effects via call-byreference! n Generally a function shouldn t both update array elements and return a value.! n So int k (int a[], int size) is not recommended, as it allows side-effects on a and returns a value. 12 Arrays in Functions 19 Exercises! n Write a function that reverses an array.! n It takes two arrays the same size; the first contains integers, the second is empty. The function fills the second array with the elements of the first but in reverse order.! n Write a search function to find the position of a given value in an array.! n This is a very useful function.! n Write a function that returns the index of the largest element of an array.! 12 Arrays in Functions 20 10

11 Count occurrences of integers! n Count how many of each integer 0 to 99 appears in a sequence of input.! n Input ends with any number outside that range => while loop! n How many counters do you need?! n Data type of counters?! n Initialise all counters! n Which counter do you increment when you read in integer v?! 11 Arrays 21 Count votes! n Extend the idea of counting things.! n Mary Jane Bob Bob Mary Bob Jane Bob Mary Mary Bob Dan. END! n When counting non-integers you need to keep track of which counter corresponds to which thing being counted.! n We use parallel arrays for this.! n Look up the position of each name in the name array; increment that position in the counters.! 12 Arrays in Functions 22 11

12 Count votes in an input! When you read Bob, you need to search Bob in the words array. You get back 2. So votes[2] is incremented. names Mary Jane Bob Dan Joe votes Arrays in Functions 23 12

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