CONDITIONAL EXECUTION

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1 CONDITIONAL EXECUTION yes x > y? no max = x; max = y; logical AND logical OR logical NOT &&! Fundamentals of Computer Science I

2 Outline Conditional Execution if then if then Nested if then statements

3 Comparisons Given two numbers return a boolean operator meaning true example false example == equal 7 == 7 7 == 8!= not equal 7!= 8 7!= 7 < less than 7 < 8 8 < 7 <= less than or equal 7 <= 7 8 <= 7 > greater than 8 > 7 7 > 8 >= greater than or equal 8 >= 2 8 >= 10 Is the sum of a, b and c equal to 0? (a + b + c) == 0 Is grade in the B range? (grade >= 80.0) && (grade < 90.0) Is sumitems an even number? (sumitems % 2) == 0 3

4 Leap Year Example Years divisible by 4 but not by 100 leap year Years divisible by 400 leap year public class LeapYear public static void main(string [] args) int year = Integer.parseInt(args[0]); boolean isleapyear; // Leap year if divisible by 4 but not by 100 isleapyear = (year % 4 == 0) && (year % 100!= 0); // But also leap year if divisible by 400 isleapyear = isleapyear (year % 400 == 0); System.out.println(isLeapYear); % java LeapYear 2000 true 4

5 Control flow thus far 5 public class ArgsExample public static void main(string [] args) time 0 String product = args[0]; time 1 int qty = Integer.parseInt(args[1]); time 2 double cost = Double.parseDouble(args[2]); time 3 time 4 time 5 time 6 double total = qty * cost; System.out.print("To buy " + qty); System.out.print(" " + product); System.out.println(" you will need $" + total);

6 Control flow Interesting and powerful programs need: To skip over some lines To repeat lines Conditionals sometimes skip parts Loops allow repetition of lines (we will talk about these in a future lecture

7 if Statement Most common branching statement Evaluate a boolean expression, inside the ()'s If true, do some stuff [optional] If false, do some other stuff Note lack of semicolon! if (expression) statement1; statement2; Curly braces used to denote a code "block": All lines in block get executed (in sequence) or none of the them do if (expression) statement1; statement2; statement3; statement4;

8 if statement 's optional if only one statement if (expression) statement1; Example: if (x > y) max = x; max = y; if (expression) statement1; statement2; yes x > y? no max = x; max = y;

9 if examples if (x < 0) x = -x; Take absolute value of x if (Math.random() < 0.5) System.out.println("heads"); System.out.println("tails"); Flip a fair coin and print out the results. if (x > y) int t = x; x = y; y = t; Put x and y into sorted order num = 0; if (args.length > 0) num = Integer.parseInt(args[0]); If a command line option is passed in, use it as the value for num.

10 Nested if Execute one of three options: if (category == 0) title = "Books"; if (category == 1) title = "CDs"; title = "Misc"; = if (category == 0) title = "Books"; if (category == 1) title = "CDs"; title = "Misc"; Both do exactly same thing Right probably more readable in general

11 11 Let s Try One!! If the unicorn is mythical, then it is immortal, but if it is not mythical, then it is a mortal mammal. If the unicorn is either immortal or a mammal, then it is horned. The unicorn is magical if it is horned. Write a program named unicorn.java that determines whether unicorns are mythical, immortal, mortal, mammal, magical or horned, and output these to the screen. You should only output those characteristics that are true. Notice, there is no user input to this program. Your program only needs to use the above statements to determine which characteristics are true.

12 Summary Conditional Execution if then if then Nested if then statements

13 13 Your Turn Lewis Carroll (author of Alice in Wonderland) came up with many nonsensical logic problems. Here is one. Implement it in the same way we did the unicorn problem. Babies are illogical. If a person can manage a crocodile, he/she is not despised. Illogical persons are despised. Hint: Figure out your variables first. If you don t know their value, set them to false. Then figure out your if statements. Finally, figure out what to print to the screen. Name your program Babies.java and submit it to the Moodle website under the Activity02 dropbox before 12:00. You get one point for turning something in and another one for turning in something correct.

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