Recap. Recap. If-then-else expressions. If-then-else expressions. If-then-else expressions. If-then-else expressions
|
|
- Gabriella Robbins
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Recap Epressions (Synta) Compile-time Static Eec-time Dynamic Types (Semantics) Recap Integers: +,-,* floats: +,-,* Booleans: =,<, andalso, orelse, not Strings: ^ 1. Programmer enters epression 2. L checks if epression is well-typed Using a precise set of rules, L tries to find a unique type for the epression meaningful type for the epr 3. L evaluates epression to compute value Of the same type found in step 2 Tuples, Records: #i Fied number of values, of different types Lists: ::,@,hd,tl,null Unbounded number of values, of same type If-then-else epressions if (1 < 2) then 5 else 10 5 if (1 < 2) then [ ab, cd ] else [ ] If-then-else is also an epression! Can use any epression in then, else branch if e1 then e2 else e3 int [ ab, cd ] string list If-then-else epressions if (1 < 2) then 5 else 10 5 if (1 < 2) then [ ab, cd ] else [ ] If-then-else is also an epression! Can use any epression in then, else branch if e1 then e2 else e3 int [ ab, cd ] string list e1 : bool e2: T e3: T if e1 then e2 else e3 : T e1 true e2 v2 if e1 then e2 else e3 v2 e1 false e2 v3 if e1 then e2 else e3 v3 If-then-else epressions if (1 < 2) then [1;2] else 5 if false then [1;2] else 5 then-subep, else-subep must have same type! which is the type of resulting epression e1 : bool e2: T e3: T if e1 then e2 else e3 : T If-then-else epressions e1 : bool e2: T e3: T if e1 then e2 else e3 : T Then-subep, Else-subep must have same type! Equals type of resulting epression if 1>2 then [1,2] else [] [] int list if 1<2 then [] else [ a ] [] string list (if 1>2 then [1,2] else [])=(if 1<2 then [] else [ a ]) 1
2 Style Eercise Java int foo(i, b, c, d) { if (b) { i++; if (c) { return i + 2; if (d) { i = i + 3; else { return i + 4; return i; OCaml Net: Variables Variables and Bindings Q: How to use variables in L? Q: How to assign to a variable? # let = 2+2;; val : int = 4 let = e;; Bind the value of epression e to the variable Variables and Bindings # let = 2+2;; val : int = 4 # let y = * * ;; val y : int = 64 # let z = [;y;+y];; val z : int list = [4;64;68] Later declared epressions can use ost recent bound value used for evaluation Sounds like C/Java? NO! Environments ( Phone Book ) How L deals with variables Variables = names = phone number Environments and Evaluation L begins in a top-level environment Some names bound let = e;; y z 6 [4;64;68] : int list 8 : int L program = Sequence of variable bindings Program evaluated by evaluating bindings in order 1. Evaluate epr e in current env to get value v : t 2. Etend env to bind to v : t (Repeat with net binding) 2
3 Environments Eample Phone book Variables = names = phone number 1. Evaluate: Find and use most recent value of variable 2. Etend: Add new binding at end of phone book # let = 2+2;; val : int = 4 # let y = * * ;; val y : int = 64 # let z = [;y;+y];; val z : int list = [4;64;68] # let = + ;; val : int = 8 New binding! y y z y z 6 6 [4;64;68] : int list 6 [4;64;68] : int list 8 : int Environments Environments 1. Evaluate: Use most recent bound value of var 2. Etend: Add new binding at end How is this different from C/Java s store? 1. Evaluate: Use most recent bound value of var 2. Etend: Add new binding at end How is this different from C/Java s store? # let = 2+2;; val : int = 4 # let = 2+2;; val : int = 4 # let f = fun y -> + y; # let = + ; val : int = 8 # f 0; New binding: No change or mutation Old binding frozen in f # let f = fun y -> + y; # let = + ; val : int = 8 # f 0; 8 : int Environments 1. Evaluate: Use most recent bound value of var 2. Etend: Add new binding at end How is this different from C/Java s store? # let = 2+2;; val : int = 4 Cannot change the world Cannot assign to variables Can etend the env by adding a fresh binding Does not affect previous uses of variable Environment at fun declaration frozen inside fun value Frozen env used to evaluate application (f ) # let f = fun y -> + y; # let = + ; val : int = 8 # f 0; Binding used to eval (f ) 8 : int Binding for subsequent Q: Why is this a good thing? # let = 2+2;; val : int = 4 # let f = fun y -> + y;; # let = + ;; val : int = 8; # f 0;; Binding used to eval (f ) 8 : int Binding for subsequent 3
4 Cannot change the world Q: Why is this a good thing? A: Function behavior frozen at declaration Nothing entered afterwards affects function Same inputs always produce same outputs Localizes debugging Localizes reasoning about the program No sharing means no evil aliasing Eamples of no sharing Remember: No addresses, no sharing. Each variable is bound to a fresh instance of a value Tuples, Lists Efficient implementation without sharing? There is sharing and pointers but hidden from you Compiler s job is to optimize code Efficiently implement these no-sharing semantics Your job is to use the simplified semantics Write correct, cleaner, readable, etendable systems Function bindings Functions are values, can bind using val let fname = fun -> e ;; Problem: Can t define recursive functions! fname is bound after computing rhs value no (or old ) binding for occurences of fname inside e let rec fname = e ;; Occurences of fname inside e bound to this definition let rec fac = if <=1 then 1 else *fac (-1) Recap: Environments Phone book Variables = names = phone number 1. Evaluate: Find and use most recent value of variable 2. Etend: let = e ;; Add new binding at end of phone book What about more comple data? What about more comple data? Epressions We ve seen some base types and values: Integers, Floats, Bool, String etc. Types any kinds of epressions: 1. Simple 2. Variables 3. Functions Some ways to build up types: Products (tuples), records, lists Functions Design Principle: Orthogonality Don t clutter core language with stuff Few, powerful orthogonal building techniques Put derived types, values, functions in libraries 4
5 Net: Building datatypes Three key ways to build comple types/values 1. Each-of types Value of T contains value of T1 and a value of T2 2. One-of types Value of T contains value of T1 or a value of T2 3. Recursive Value of T contains (sub)-value of same type T Suppose I wanted a program that processed lists of attributes Name (string) Age (integer) DOB (int-int-int) Address (string) Height (float) Alive (boolean) Phone (int-int) (string) any kinds of attributes: too many to put in a record can have multiple names, addresses, phones, s etc. Want to store them in a list. Can I? Constructing Datatypes Suppose I wanted type t = C1 of t1 C2 of t2 Cn of tn t is a new datatype. A value of type t is either: a value of type t1 placed in a bo labeled C1 Or a value of type t2 placed in a bo labeled C2 Or Or a value of type tn placed in a bo labeled Cn Attributes: Name (string) Age (integer) DOB (int-int-int) Address (string) Height (real) Alive (boolean) Phone (int-int) (string) type attrib = Name of string Age of int DOB of int*int*int Address of string Height of float Alive of bool Phone of int*int of string;; Creating One-of types How to create values of type attrib? # let a1 = Name John ;; val : attrib = Name John # let a2 = Height 5.83;; val a2 : attrib = Height 5.83 # let year = 1977 ;; val year : int = 1977 # let a3 = DOB (9,8,year) ;; val a3 : attrib = DOB (9,8,1977) # let a_l = [a1;a2;a3];; val a3 : attrib list = type attrib = Name of string Age of int DOB of int*int*int Address of string Height of float Alive of bool Phone of int*int of string;; We ve defined a one-of type named attrib Elements are one of: string, int, int*int*int, float, bool Can create uniform attrib lists datatype attrib = Name of string Age of int DOB of int*int*int Address of string Height of real Alive of bool Phone of int*int of string; Suppose I want a function to print attribs 5
6 How to tell whats in the bo? type attrib = Name of string Age of int DOB of int*int*int Address of string Height of float Alive of bool Phone of int*int of string;; match e with Name s -> e1 Age i -> e2 DOB (m,d,y) -> e3 Address addr -> e4 Height h -> e5 Alive b -> e6 Phone (a,n) -> e7 e -> e8 Pattern-match epression: check if e is of the form On match: value in bo bound to pattern variable matching result epression is evaluated Simultaneously test and etract contents of bo match-with is an Epression match e with C1 1 -> e1 C2 2 -> e2 Cn n -> en Type rules? e1, e2,,en must have same type Which is type of whole epression Benefits of match-with What about Recursive types? match e with C1 1 -> e1 C2 2 -> e2 Cn n -> en type t = C1 of t1 C2 of t2 Cn of tn type int_list = Cons of int * int_list 1. Simultaneous test-etract-bind 2. Compile-time checks for: missed cases: L warns if you miss a t value redundant cases: L warns if a case never matches What about Recursive types? Think about this! What are values of int_list? Cons(1,Cons(2,Cons(3,))) type int_list = Cons of int * int_list Cons(2,Cons(3,)) Cons 1, Cons 2, Cons(3,) Cons 3, Lists aren t built-in! datatype int_list = Cons of int * int_list Lists are a derived type: built using elegant core! 1. Each-of 2. One-of 3. Recursive :: is just a pretty way to say Cons [] is just a pretty way to say 6
7 Some functions on Lists : Length Some functions on Lists : Append Base pattern Ind pattern let rec len l = match l with -> 0 Cons(h,t) -> 1 + (len t) Base Epression Inductive Epression Base pattern Ind pattern let rec append (l1,l2) = Base Epression Inductive Epression let rec len l = match l with -> 0 Cons(_,t) -> 1 + (len t) let rec len l = match l with Cons(_,t) -> 1 + (len t) _ -> 0 Find the right induction strategy Base case: pattern + epression Induction case: pattern + epression atches everything, no binding Pattern-matching in order - ust match with Well designed datatype gives strategy null, hd, tl are all functions Bad L style: ore than aesthetics! Pattern-matching better than test-etract: L checks all cases covered L checks no redundant cases at compile-time: fewer errors (crashes) during eecution get the bugs out ASAP! Another Eample: Calculator We want an arithmetic calculator to evaluate epressions like: = = ( ) * ( ) = Q: Whats a L datatype for such epressions? Another Eample: Calculator We want an arithmetic calculator to evaluate epressions like: = = ( ) * ( ) = Random Art from Epressions PA #2 Build more funky epressions, evaluate them, to produce: Whats a L function for evaluating such epressions? 7
8 Net: Functions Functions Two questions about function values: Epressions What is the value: Types 1. of a function? Q: What s the value of a function? 2. of a function application (call)? (e1 e2) Functions of functions: Closures Two questions about function values: What is the value: 1. of a function? 2. of a function application (call)? (e1 e2) Body epression not evaluated until application but type-checking takes place at compile time i.e. when function is defined Function value = <code + environment at definition> closure # let = 2+2;; val : int = 4 # let f = fun y -> + y;; # let = + ;; val : int = 8 # f 0;; Binding used to eval (f ) 8 : int Binding for subsequent of function application Eample 1 Application: fancy word for call (e1 e2) apply the argument e2 to the (function) e1 Application Value: 1. Evaluate e1 in current env to get (function) v1 v1 is code + env code is (formal + body e), env is E 2. Evaluate e2 in current env to get (argument) v2 3. Evaluate body e in env E etended by binding to v2 let = 1;; let f y = + y;; let = 2;; let y = 3;; f ( + y);; 8
9 Eample 1 let = 1;; let f y = + y;; let = 2;; let y = 3;; f ( + y);; Eample 2 let = 1;; let f y = let = 2 in fun z -> + y + z ;; let = 100;; let g =(f 4);; let y = 100;; (g 1);; Eample 2 let = 1;; let f y = let = 2 in fun z -> + y + z ;; let = 100;; let g =(f 4);; let y = 100;; (g 1);; Eample 3 let f g = let = 0 in g 2 ;; let = 100;; let h y = + y;; f h;; Static/Leical Scoping For each occurrence of a variable, Unique place in program tet where variable defined ost recent binding in environment Static/Leical: Determined from the program tet Without eecuting the programy Very useful for readability, debugging: Don t have to figure out where a variable got assigned Unique, statically known definition for each occurrence 9
Programming Languages
CSE 130 : Winter 2009 Programming Languages News PA 2 out, and due Mon 1/26 5pm Lecture 5: Functions and Datatypes t UC San Diego Recap: Environments Phone book Variables = names Values = phone number
More informationNews. Programming Languages. Recap. Recap: Environments. Functions. of functions: Closures. CSE 130 : Fall Lecture 5: Functions and Datatypes
CSE 130 : Fall 2007 Programming Languages News PA deadlines shifted PA #2 now due 10/24 (next Wed) Lecture 5: Functions and Datatypes Ranjit Jhala UC San Diego Recap: Environments Phone book Variables
More informationSide note: Tail Recursion. Begin at the beginning. Side note: Tail Recursion. Base Types. Base Type: int. Base Type: int
Begin at the beginning Epressions (Synta) Compile-time Static Eec-time Dynamic Types Values (Semantics) 1. Programmer enters epression 2. ML checks if epression is well-typed Using a precise set of rules,
More informationTail Recursion: Factorial. Begin at the beginning. How does it execute? Tail recursion. Tail recursive factorial. Tail recursive factorial
Begin at the beginning Epressions (Synta) Compile-time Static Eec-time Dynamic Types Values (Semantics) 1. Programmer enters epression 2. ML checks if epression is well-typed Using a precise set of rules,
More informationVariables and Bindings
Net: Variables Variables and Bindings Q: How to use variables in ML? Q: How to assign to a variable? # let = 2+2;; val : int = 4 let = e;; Bind the value of epression e to the variable Variables and Bindings
More informationProgramming Languages
CSE 130 : Fall 2008 Programming Languages Lecture 6: Datatypes t and Recursion Ranjit Jhala UC San Diego News PA 2 Due Fri (and PA3 up) PA3 is a bit difficult, but do it yourself, or repent in the final
More informationProgramming Languages
CSE 130 : Fall 2008 Programming Languages Lecture 3: Epressions and Types Ranjit Jhala UC San Diego News PA 1 due (net) Fri 10/10 5pm PA 2 out today or tomorrow Office hours posted on Webpage: Held in
More informationRecap from last time. Programming Languages. CSE 130 : Fall Lecture 3: Data Types. Put it together: a filter function
CSE 130 : Fall 2011 Recap from last time Programming Languages Lecture 3: Data Types Ranjit Jhala UC San Diego 1 2 A shorthand for function binding Put it together: a filter function # let neg = fun f
More informationProgramming Languages
CSE 130: Spring 2010 Programming Languages Lecture 3: Epressions and Types Ranjit Jhala UC San Diego A Problem fun -> +1 Can functions only have a single parameter? A Solution: Simultaneous Binding Parameter
More informationBegin at the beginning
Begin at the beginning Expressions (Syntax) Exec-time Dynamic Values (Semantics) Compile-time Static Types 1. Programmer enters expression 2. ML checks if expression is well-typed Using a precise set of
More informationProgramming Languages. Next: Building datatypes. Suppose I wanted. Next: Building datatypes 10/4/2017. Review so far. Datatypes.
Review so far Programming Languages Expressions Values Datatypes Types Many kinds of expressions: 1. Simple 2. Variables 3. Functions Review so far We ve seen some base types and values: Integers, Floats,
More informationProgramming Languages. Datatypes
Programming Languages Datatypes Review so far Expressions Values Types Many kinds of expressions: 1. Simple 2. Variables 3. Functions Review so far We ve seen some base types and values: Integers, Floats,
More informationNews. CSE 130: Programming Languages. Environments & Closures. Functions are first-class values. Recap: Functions as first-class values
CSE 130: Programming Languages Environments & Closures News PA 3 due THIS Friday (5/1) Midterm NEXT Friday (5/8) Ranjit Jhala UC San Diego Recap: Functions as first-class values Arguments, return values,
More informationProgramming Languages
What about more complex data? CSE 130 : Fall 2012 Programming Languages Expressions Values Lecture 3: Datatypes Ranjit Jhala UC San Diego Types Many kinds of expressions: 1. Simple 2. Variables 3. Functions
More informationRecap: ML s Holy Trinity. Story So Far... CSE 130 Programming Languages. Datatypes. A function is a value! Next: functions, but remember.
CSE 130 Programming Languages Recap: ML s Holy Trinity Expressions (Syntax) Exec-time Dynamic Values (Semantics) Datatypes Compile-time Static Types Ranjit Jhala UC San Diego 1. Programmer enters expression
More informationCSE 130 Programming Languages. Datatypes. Ranjit Jhala UC San Diego
CSE 130 Programming Languages Datatypes Ranjit Jhala UC San Diego Recap: ML s Holy Trinity Expressions (Syntax) Exec-time Dynamic Values (Semantics) Compile-time Static Types 1. Programmer enters expression
More informationCSE 130 Programming Languages. Lecture 3: Datatypes. Ranjit Jhala UC San Diego
CSE 130 Programming Languages Lecture 3: Datatypes Ranjit Jhala UC San Diego News? PA #2 (coming tonight) Ocaml-top issues? Pleas post questions to Piazza Recap: ML s Holy Trinity Expressions (Syntax)
More informationRecap: ML s Holy Trinity
Recap: ML s Holy Trinity Expressions (Syntax) Exec-time Dynamic Values (Semantics) Compile-time Static Types 1. Programmer enters expression 2. ML checks if expression is well-typed Using a precise set
More informationProgramming Languages
CSE 130 : Winter 2013 Programming Languages Lecture 3: Crash Course, Datatypes Ranjit Jhala UC San Diego 1 Story So Far... Simple Expressions Branches Let-Bindings... Today: Finish Crash Course Datatypes
More informationProgramming Languages
CSE 130 : Spring 2011 Programming Languages Lecture 3: Crash Course Ctd, Expressions and Types Ranjit Jhala UC San Diego A shorthand for function binding # let neg = fun f -> fun x -> not (f x); # let
More informationRecap: Functions as first-class values
Recap: Functions as first-class values Arguments, return values, bindings What are the benefits? Parameterized, similar functions (e.g. Testers) Creating, (Returning) Functions Iterator, Accumul, Reuse
More informationProgramming Languages
CSE 130 : Fall 2008 Programmg Languages Lecture 4: Variables, Environments, Scope News PA 1 due Frida 5pm PA 2 out esterda (due net Fi) Fri) Ranjit Jhala UC San Diego Variables and Bdgs Q: How to use variables
More informationCSE 130 [Winter 2014] Programming Languages
CSE 130 [Winter 2014] Programming Languages Introduction to OCaml (Continued) Ravi Chugh! Jan 14 Announcements HW #1 due Mon Jan 20 Post questions/discussion to Piazza Check Piazza for TA/Tutor lab hours
More informationOCaml. ML Flow. Complex types: Lists. Complex types: Lists. The PL for the discerning hacker. All elements must have same type.
OCaml The PL for the discerning hacker. ML Flow Expressions (Syntax) Compile-time Static 1. Enter expression 2. ML infers a type Exec-time Dynamic Types 3. ML crunches expression down to a value 4. Value
More informationNews. Programming Languages. Complex types: Lists. Recap: ML s Holy Trinity. CSE 130: Spring 2012
News CSE 130: Spring 2012 Programming Languages On webpage: Suggested HW #1 PA #1 (due next Fri 4/13) Lecture 2: A Crash Course in ML Please post questions to Piazza Ranjit Jhala UC San Diego Today: A
More informationProgramming Languages
CSE 130: Fall 2009 Programming Languages Lecture 2: A Crash Course in ML News On webpage: Suggested HW #1 PA #1 (due next Fri 10/9) Technical issues installing Ocaml - should be resolved soon! Ranjit Jhala
More informationProgramming Languages
CSE 130 : Fall 2008 Programming Languages Lecture 2: A Crash Course in ML Ranjit Jhala UC San Diego News On webpage: Suggested HW #1, sample for Quiz #1 on Thu PA #1 (due next Fri 10/10) No make-up quizzes
More informationPlan (next 4 weeks) 1. Fast forward. 2. Rewind. 3. Slow motion. Rapid introduction to what s in OCaml. Go over the pieces individually
Plan (next 4 weeks) 1. Fast forward Rapid introduction to what s in OCaml 2. Rewind 3. Slow motion Go over the pieces individually History, Variants Meta Language Designed by Robin Milner @ Edinburgh Language
More informationProgramming Languages
CSE 130: Spring 2010 Programming Languages Lecture 2: A Crash Course in ML Ranjit Jhala UC San Diego News On webpage: Suggested HW #1 PA #1 (due next Wed 4/9) Please post questions to WebCT Today: A crash
More informationOCaml. History, Variants. ML s holy trinity. Interacting with ML. Base type: Integers. Base type: Strings. *Notes from Sorin Lerner at UCSD*
OCaml 1. Introduction Rapid introduction to what s in OCaml 2. Focus on Features Individually as Needed as Semester Progresses *Notes from Sorin Lerner at UCSD* History, Variants Meta Language Designed
More informationCMSC 330: Organization of Programming Languages. Functional Programming with Lists
CMSC 330: Organization of Programming Languages Functional Programming with Lists 1 Lists in OCaml The basic data structure in OCaml Lists can be of arbitrary length Implemented as a linked data structure
More informationSo what does studying PL buy me?
So what does studying PL buy me? Enables you to better choose the right language but isn t that decided by libraries, standards, and my boss? Yes. Chicken-and-egg. My goal: educate tomorrow s tech leaders
More informationCMSC 330: Organization of Programming Languages. Functional Programming with Lists
CMSC 330: Organization of Programming Languages Functional Programming with Lists CMSC330 Spring 2018 1 Lists in OCaml The basic data structure in OCaml Lists can be of arbitrary length Implemented as
More informationAny questions. Say hello to OCaml. Say hello to OCaml. Why readability matters. History, Variants. Plan (next 4 weeks)
Any questions Say hello to OCaml? void sort(int arr[], int beg, int end){ if (end > beg + 1){ int piv = arr[beg]; int l = beg + 1; int r = end; while (l!= r-1){ if(arr[l]
More informationTypical workflow. CSE341: Programming Languages. Lecture 17 Implementing Languages Including Closures. Reality more complicated
Typical workflow concrete synta (string) "(fn => + ) 4" Parsing CSE341: Programming Languages abstract synta (tree) Lecture 17 Implementing Languages Including Closures Function Constant + 4 Var Var Type
More informationCVO103: Programming Languages. Lecture 5 Design and Implementation of PLs (1) Expressions
CVO103: Programming Languages Lecture 5 Design and Implementation of PLs (1) Expressions Hakjoo Oh 2018 Spring Hakjoo Oh CVO103 2018 Spring, Lecture 5 April 3, 2018 1 / 23 Plan Part 1 (Preliminaries):
More informationCSE 341, Autumn 2005, Assignment 3 ML - MiniML Interpreter
Due: Thurs October 27, 10:00pm CSE 341, Autumn 2005, Assignment 3 ML - MiniML Interpreter Note: This is a much longer assignment than anything we ve seen up until now. You are given two weeks to complete
More informationCMSC 330: Organization of Programming Languages. Formal Semantics of a Prog. Lang. Specifying Syntax, Semantics
Recall Architecture of Compilers, Interpreters CMSC 330: Organization of Programming Languages Source Scanner Parser Static Analyzer Operational Semantics Intermediate Representation Front End Back End
More informationMetaprogramming assignment 3
Metaprogramming assignment 3 Optimising embedded languages Due at noon on Thursday 29th November 2018 This exercise uses the BER MetaOCaml compiler, which you can install via opam. The end of this document
More informationsum: tree -> int sum_leaf: tree -> int sum_leaf: tree -> int Representing Trees Next: Lets get cosy with Recursion Sum up the leaf values. E.g.
Representing Trees Node Next: Lets get cosy with Recursion 1 2 3 1 Node 2 3 Node(Node( 1, 2), 3) sum: tree -> int Next: Lets get cosy with Recursion Sum up the leaf values. E.g. # let t0 = sum Node(Node(
More informationCSE 341: Programming Languages
CSE 341: Programming Languages Hal Perkins Spring 2011 Lecture 2 Functions, pairs, and lists Hal Perkins CSE341 Spring 2011, Lecture 2 1 What is a programming language? Here are separable concepts for
More informationCSE 341 Section 5. Winter 2018
CSE 341 Section 5 Winter 2018 Midterm Review! Variable Bindings, Shadowing, Let Expressions Boolean, Comparison and Arithmetic Operations Equality Types Types, Datatypes, Type synonyms Tuples, Records
More informationIntroduction to OCaml
Introduction to OCaml Jed Liu Department of Computer Science Cornell University CS 6110 Lecture 26 January 2009 Based on CS 3110 course notes and an SML tutorial by Mike George Jed Liu Introduction to
More informationCSE341: Programming Languages Lecture 4 Records, Datatypes, Case Expressions. Dan Grossman Spring 2013
CSE341: Programming Languages Lecture 4 Records, Datatypes, Case Expressions Dan Grossman Spring 2013 Five different things 1. Syntax: How do you write language constructs? 2. Semantics: What do programs
More informationProject 2: Scheme Interpreter
Project 2: Scheme Interpreter CSC 4101, Fall 2017 Due: 12 November 2017 For this project, you will implement a simple Scheme interpreter in C++ or Java. Your interpreter should be able to handle the same
More informationTuples. CMSC 330: Organization of Programming Languages. Examples With Tuples. Another Example
CMSC 330: Organization of Programming Languages OCaml 2 Higher Order Functions Tuples Constructed using (e1,..., en) Deconstructed using pattern matching Patterns involve parens and commas, e.g., (p1,p2,
More informationCSE341: Programming Languages Lecture 9 Function-Closure Idioms. Dan Grossman Winter 2013
CSE341: Programming Languages Lecture 9 Function-Closure Idioms Dan Grossman Winter 2013 More idioms We know the rule for lexical scope and function closures Now what is it good for A partial but wide-ranging
More informationCSE341: Programming Languages Lecture 2 Functions, Pairs, Lists. Zach Tatlock Winter 2018
CSE341: Programming Languages Lecture 2 Functions, Pairs, Lists Zach Tatlock Winter 2018 Function definitions Functions: the most important building block in the whole course Like Java methods, have arguments
More informationFunction definitions. CSE341: Programming Languages Lecture 2 Functions, Pairs, Lists. Example, extended. Some gotchas. Zach Tatlock Winter 2018
Function definitions CSE341: Programming Languages Lecture 2 Functions, Pairs, Lists Zach Tatlock Winter 2018 Functions: the most important building block in the whole course Like Java methods, have arguments
More informationOutline. What is semantics? Denotational semantics. Semantics of naming. What is semantics? 2 / 21
Semantics 1 / 21 Outline What is semantics? Denotational semantics Semantics of naming What is semantics? 2 / 21 What is the meaning of a program? Recall: aspects of a language syntax: the structure of
More informationClosures. Mooly Sagiv. Michael Clarkson, Cornell CS 3110 Data Structures and Functional Programming
Closures Mooly Sagiv Michael Clarkson, Cornell CS 3110 Data Structures and Functional Programming t ::= x x. t t t Call-by-value big-step Operational Semantics terms variable v ::= values abstraction x.
More informationClosures. Mooly Sagiv. Michael Clarkson, Cornell CS 3110 Data Structures and Functional Programming
Closures Mooly Sagiv Michael Clarkson, Cornell CS 3110 Data Structures and Functional Programming Summary 1. Predictive Parsing 2. Large Step Operational Semantics (Natural) 3. Small Step Operational Semantics
More informationCMSC 330: Organization of Programming Languages. OCaml Imperative Programming
CMSC 330: Organization of Programming Languages OCaml Imperative Programming CMSC330 Fall 2017 1 So Far, Only Functional Programming We haven t given you any way so far to change something in memory All
More informationCS Lecture 5: Pattern Matching. Prof. Clarkson Fall Today s music: Puff, the Magic Dragon by Peter, Paul & Mary
CS 3110 Lecture 5: Pattern Matching Prof. Clarkson Fall 2014 Today s music: Puff, the Magic Dragon by Peter, Paul & Mary Review Features so far: variables, operators, let expressions, if expressions, functions
More informationCunning Plan. One-Slide Summary. Functional Programming. Functional Programming. Introduction to COOL #1. Classroom Object-Oriented Language
Functional Programming Introduction to COOL #1 Cunning Plan Functional Programming Types Pattern Matching Higher-Order Functions Classroom Object-Oriented Language Methods Attributes Inheritance Method
More informationCSE341: Programming Languages Lecture 2 Functions, Pairs, Lists. Dan Grossman Fall 2011
CSE341: Programming Languages Lecture 2 Functions, Pairs, Lists Dan Grossman Fall 2011 Review Building up SML one construct at a time via precise definitions Constructs have syntax, type-checking rules,
More informationTo figure this out we need a more precise understanding of how ML works
Announcements: What are the following numbers: 74/2/70/17 (2:30,2:30,3:35,7:30) PS2 due Thursday 9/20 11:59PM Guest lecture on Tuesday 9/25 o No RDZ office hours next Friday, I am on travel A brief comment
More informationCMSC 330: Organization of Programming Languages. OCaml Imperative Programming
CMSC 330: Organization of Programming Languages OCaml Imperative Programming CMSC330 Spring 2018 1 So Far, Only Functional Programming We haven t given you any way so far to change something in memory
More informationCMSC 330: Organization of Programming Languages. Lets, Tuples, Records
CMSC 330: Organization of Programming Languages Lets, Tuples, Records CMSC330 Spring 2018 1 Let Expressions Enable binding variables in other expressions These are different from the let definitions we
More informationTail Calls. CMSC 330: Organization of Programming Languages. Tail Recursion. Tail Recursion (cont d) Names and Binding. Tail Recursion (cont d)
CMSC 330: Organization of Programming Languages Tail Calls A tail call is a function call that is the last thing a function does before it returns let add x y = x + y let f z = add z z (* tail call *)
More informationCMSC 330: Organization of Programming Languages
CMSC 330: Organization of Programming Languages Operational Semantics CMSC 330 Summer 2018 1 Formal Semantics of a Prog. Lang. Mathematical description of the meaning of programs written in that language
More informationCMSC 336: Type Systems for Programming Languages Lecture 4: Programming in the Lambda Calculus Acar & Ahmed 22 January 2008.
CMSC 336: Type Systems for Programming Languages Lecture 4: Programming in the Lambda Calculus Acar & Ahmed 22 January 2008 Contents 1 Announcements 1 2 Solution to the Eercise 1 3 Introduction 1 4 Multiple
More informationLists. Prof. Clarkson Fall Today s music: "Blank Space" by Taylor Swift
Lists Prof. Clarkson Fall 2017 Today s music: "Blank Space" by Taylor Swift I could show you incredible things // Magic, madness, heaven, sin So it's gonna be forever // Or it's gonna go down in flames
More informationCS558 Programming Languages
CS558 Programming Languages Winter 2017 Lecture 7b Andrew Tolmach Portland State University 1994-2017 Values and Types We divide the universe of values according to types A type is a set of values and
More informationThinking Induc,vely. COS 326 David Walker Princeton University
Thinking Induc,vely COS 326 David Walker Princeton University slides copyright 2017 David Walker permission granted to reuse these slides for non-commercial educa,onal purposes Administra,on 2 Assignment
More informationProduct types add could take a single argument of the product type int * int fun add(,y):int = +y; > val add = fn : int * int -> int add(3,4); > val i
Lecture 2 0 Product types add could take a single argument of the product type int * int fun add(,y):int = +y; > val add = fn : int * int -> int add(3,4); > val it = 7 : int let val z = (3,4) in add z
More informationCMSC 330: Organization of Programming Languages. Operational Semantics
CMSC 330: Organization of Programming Languages Operational Semantics Notes about Project 4, Parts 1 & 2 Still due today (7/2) Will not be graded until 7/11 (along with Part 3) You are strongly encouraged
More informationCSE 341, Spring 2011, Final Examination 9 June Please do not turn the page until everyone is ready.
CSE 341, Spring 2011, Final Examination 9 June 2011 Please do not turn the page until everyone is ready. Rules: The exam is closed-book, closed-note, except for one side of one 8.5x11in piece of paper.
More informationSCHEME The Scheme Interpreter. 2 Primitives COMPUTER SCIENCE 61A. October 29th, 2012
SCHEME COMPUTER SCIENCE 6A October 29th, 202 In the next part of the course, we will be working with the Scheme programming language. In addition to learning how to write Scheme programs, we will eventually
More informationCS109A ML Notes for the Week of 1/16/96. Using ML. ML can be used as an interactive language. We. shall use a version running under UNIX, called
CS109A ML Notes for the Week of 1/16/96 Using ML ML can be used as an interactive language. We shall use a version running under UNIX, called SML/NJ or \Standard ML of New Jersey." You can get SML/NJ by
More informationOCaml Data CMSC 330: Organization of Programming Languages. User Defined Types. Variation: Shapes in Java
OCaml Data : Organization of Programming Languages OCaml 4 Data Types & Modules So far, we ve seen the following kinds of data Basic types (int, float, char, string) Lists Ø One kind of data structure
More informationLecture 15 CIS 341: COMPILERS
Lecture 15 CIS 341: COMPILERS Announcements HW4: OAT v. 1.0 Parsing & basic code generation Due: March 28 th No lecture on Thursday, March 22 Dr. Z will be away Zdancewic CIS 341: Compilers 2 Adding Integers
More informationThese notes are intended exclusively for the personal usage of the students of CS352 at Cal Poly Pomona. Any other usage is prohibited without
These notes are intended exclusively for the personal usage of the students of CS352 at Cal Poly Pomona. Any other usage is prohibited without previous written authorization. 1 2 The simplest way to create
More informationCPSC W1 University of British Columbia
Definition of Programming Languages CPSC 311 2016W1 University of British Columbia Practice Midterm Eamination 26 October 2016, 19:00 21:00 Joshua Dunfield Student Name: Signature: Student Number: CS userid:
More informationHomework 3 COSE212, Fall 2018
Homework 3 COSE212, Fall 2018 Hakjoo Oh Due: 10/28, 24:00 Problem 1 (100pts) Let us design and implement a programming language called ML. ML is a small yet Turing-complete functional language that supports
More informationCSE413: Programming Languages and Implementation Racket structs Implementing languages with interpreters Implementing closures
CSE413: Programming Languages and Implementation Racket structs Implementing languages with interpreters Implementing closures Dan Grossman Fall 2014 Hi! I m not Hal J I love this stuff and have taught
More informationType Checking and Type Inference
Type Checking and Type Inference Principles of Programming Languages CSE 307 1 Types in Programming Languages 2 Static Type Checking 3 Polymorphic Type Inference Version: 1.8 17:20:56 2014/08/25 Compiled
More informationCS 11 Haskell track: lecture 1
CS 11 Haskell track: lecture 1 This week: Introduction/motivation/pep talk Basics of Haskell Prerequisite Knowledge of basic functional programming e.g. Scheme, Ocaml, Erlang CS 1, CS 4 "permission of
More informationThese are notes for the third lecture; if statements and loops.
These are notes for the third lecture; if statements and loops. 1 Yeah, this is going to be the second slide in a lot of lectures. 2 - Dominant language for desktop application development - Most modern
More informationCS558 Programming Languages
CS558 Programming Languages Fall 2017 Lecture 7b Andrew Tolmach Portland State University 1994-2017 Type Inference Some statically typed languages, like ML (and to a lesser extent Scala), offer alternative
More informationTypes, Type Inference and Unification
Types, Type Inference and Unification Mooly Sagiv Slides by Kathleen Fisher and John Mitchell Cornell CS 6110 Summary (Functional Programming) Lambda Calculus Basic ML Advanced ML: Modules, References,
More information# true;; - : bool = true. # false;; - : bool = false 9/10/ // = {s (5, "hi", 3.2), c 4, a 1, b 5} 9/10/2017 4
Booleans (aka Truth Values) Programming Languages and Compilers (CS 421) Sasa Misailovic 4110 SC, UIUC https://courses.engr.illinois.edu/cs421/fa2017/cs421a # true;; - : bool = true # false;; - : bool
More informationCMSC 330: Organization of Programming Languages. Rust Basics
CMSC 330: Organization of Programming Languages Rust Basics CMSC330 Spring 2018 1 Organization It turns out that a lot of Rust has direct analogues in OCaml So we will introduce its elements with comparisons
More informationRedefinition of an identifier is OK, but this is redefinition not assignment; Thus
Redefinition of an identifier is OK, but this is redefinition not assignment; Thus val x = 100; val x = (x=100); is fine; there is no type error even though the first x is an integer and then it is a boolean.
More informationCS558 Programming Languages
CS558 Programming Languages Winter 2018 Lecture 7b Andrew Tolmach Portland State University 1994-2018 Dynamic Type Checking Static type checking offers the great advantage of catching errors early And
More informationLambda Calculus: Implementation Techniques and a Proof. COS 441 Slides 15
Lambda Calculus: Implementation Techniques and a Proof COS 441 Slides 15 Last Time: The Lambda Calculus A language of pure functions: values e ::= x \x.e e e v ::= \x.e With a call-by-value operational
More informationBackground. CMSC 330: Organization of Programming Languages. Useful Information on OCaml language. Dialects of ML. ML (Meta Language) Standard ML
CMSC 330: Organization of Programming Languages Functional Programming with OCaml 1 Background ML (Meta Language) Univ. of Edinburgh, 1973 Part of a theorem proving system LCF The Logic of Computable Functions
More informationProblem Set CVO 103, Spring 2018
Problem Set CVO 103, Spring 2018 Hakjoo Oh Due: 06/12 (in class) Problem 1 The Fibonacci numbers can be defined as follows: 0 if n = 0 fib(n) = 1 if n = 1 fib(n 1) + fib(n 2) otherwise Write in OCaml the
More informationProgramming Languages and Compilers (CS 421)
Programming Languages and Compilers (CS 421) #3: Closures, evaluation of function applications, order of evaluation #4: Evaluation and Application rules using symbolic rewriting Madhusudan Parthasarathy
More informationInductive Data Types
Inductive Data Types Lars-Henrik Eriksson Functional Programming 1 Original slides by Tjark Weber Lars-Henrik Eriksson (UU) Inductive Data Types 1 / 42 Inductive Data Types Today Today New names for old
More informationNote that pcall can be implemented using futures. That is, instead of. we can use
Note that pcall can be implemented using futures. That is, instead of (pcall F X Y Z) we can use ((future F) (future X) (future Y) (future Z)) In fact the latter version is actually more parallel execution
More informationA First Look at ML. Chapter Five Modern Programming Languages, 2nd ed. 1
A First Look at ML Chapter Five Modern Programming Languages, 2nd ed. 1 ML Meta Language One of the more popular functional languages (which, admittedly, isn t saying much) Edinburgh, 1974, Robin Milner
More informationScope and Introduction to Functional Languages. Review and Finish Scoping. Announcements. Assignment 3 due Thu at 11:55pm. Website has SML resources
Scope and Introduction to Functional Languages Prof. Evan Chang Meeting 7, CSCI 3155, Fall 2009 Announcements Assignment 3 due Thu at 11:55pm Submit in pairs Website has SML resources Text: Harper, Programming
More informationProgramming Project #3: Syntax Analysis
Programming Project #3: Synta Analysis Due Date: Tuesday, October 25, 2005, Noon Overview Write a recursive-descent parser for the PCAT language. Section 12 of the PCAT manual gives a contet-free grammar
More informationCMSC330. Objects, Functional Programming, and lambda calculus
CMSC330 Objects, Functional Programming, and lambda calculus 1 OOP vs. FP Object-oriented programming (OOP) Computation as interactions between objects Objects encapsulate mutable data (state) Accessed
More informationUser-defined Functions. Conditional Expressions in Scheme
User-defined Functions The list (lambda (args (body s to a function with (args as its argument list and (body as the function body. No quotes are needed for (args or (body. (lambda (x (+ x 1 s to the increment
More informationAnnouncements. Working on requirements this week Work on design, implementation. Types. Lecture 17 CS 169. Outline. Java Types
Announcements Types Working on requirements this week Work on design, implementation Lecture 17 CS 169 Prof. Brewer CS 169 Lecture 16 1 Prof. Brewer CS 169 Lecture 16 2 Outline Type concepts Where do types
More informationIntro. Scheme Basics. scm> 5 5. scm>
Intro Let s take some time to talk about LISP. It stands for LISt Processing a way of coding using only lists! It sounds pretty radical, and it is. There are lots of cool things to know about LISP; if
More informationCSE341 Autumn 2017, Final Examination December 12, 2017
CSE341 Autumn 2017, Final Examination December 12, 2017 Please do not turn the page until 2:30. Rules: The exam is closed-book, closed-note, etc. except for both sides of one 8.5x11in piece of paper. Please
More informationCSC324- TUTORIAL 5. Shems Saleh* *Some slides inspired by/based on Afsaneh Fazly s slides
CSC324- TUTORIAL 5 ML Shems Saleh* *Some slides inspired by/based on Afsaneh Fazly s slides Assignment 1 2 More questions were added Questions regarding the assignment? Starting ML Who am I? Shems Saleh
More information