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1 Constructors

2 Initializing New Objects Fraction g(4, 5);

3 Initializing New Objects Fraction g(4, 5);

4 Initializing New Objects Fraction g(4, 5);

5 Initializing New Objects Fraction g(4, 5);

6 Initializing New Objects Fraction g(4, 5);

7 Initializing New Objects Fraction g(4, 5); // no constructor to accept two ints

8 Constructors Constructors are always named the name of the class.

9 Constructors Constructors are always named the name of the class. Constructors have no return type (this is not void) and hence have no return statement.

10 Constructors Constructors are always named the name of the class. Constructors have no return type (this is not void) and hence have no return statement. Constructors can be overloaded like any other function, and you will most likely do so.

11 Constructors Constructors are always named the name of the class. Constructors have no return type (this is not void) and hence have no return statement. Constructors can be overloaded like any other function, and you will most likely do so. Constructors are called by the compiler automatically; they are rarely called explicitly by the programmer.

12 Constructors Constructors are always named the name of the class. Constructors have no return type (this is not void) and hence have no return statement. Constructors can be overloaded like any other function, and you will most likely do so. Constructors are called by the compiler automatically; they are rarely called explicitly by the programmer. If you write no constructor, the compiler will provide your class with a default constructor. The mechanism is suppressed once you write any constructor.

13 First Constructor class Fraction public: Fraction(const int num, const int den); void readin(); void print(); };

14 First Constructor class Fraction public: Fraction(const int num, const int den); void readin(); void print(); }; Fraction::Fraction(const int num, const int den) m_numerator = num; m_denominator = den; }

15 First Constructor class Fraction }; public: int Fraction(const int num, const int den); void readin(); void print(); Take Note: No Return Statements or Types Fraction::Fraction(const int num, const int den) m_numerator = num; m_denominator = den; }

16 First Constructor class Fraction }; public: Fraction(const int num, const int den); void readin(); void print(); Take Note: No Return Statements or Types void Fraction::Fraction(const int num, const int den) m_numerator = num; m_denominator = den; }

17 First Constructor class Fraction }; public: Fraction(const int num, const int den); void readin(); void print(); Take Note: No Return Statements or Types Fraction::Fraction(const int num, const int den) m_numerator = num; m_denominator = den; return; }

18 What if // main.cpp Fraction g(4, 0); // fraction.cpp Fraction::Fraction(const int num, const int den) m_numerator = num; m_denominator = den; }

19 What if // main.cpp DENOMINATOR ZERO!! Fraction g(4, 0); // fraction.cpp Fraction::Fraction(const int num, const int den) m_numerator = num; m_denominator = den; // allows ALL integer values, even zero! }

20 What if fix // main.cpp Fraction g(4, 0); // fraction.cpp Fraction::Fraction(const int num, const int den) setnum(num); setden(den); // let mutator function vet the argument passed }

21 An Initialization List // main.cpp Fraction g(4, 0); // fraction.cpp Fraction::Fraction(const int num, const int den) : m_numerator(num),m_denominator(den)} // note: you must have a function body in an initialization list // even if it is empty.

22 What if fix // main.cpp Fraction g(4, 0); // fraction.cpp Fraction::Fraction(const int num, const int den) : m_numerator(num),m_denominator(den) if(m_denominator == 0) cout << error: 0 passed in as denominator << endl; exit(1); } }

23 Initializing New Objects Fraction g(4, 5);

24 Initializing New Objects Fraction g(4, 5);

25 Initializing New Objects Fraction g(4, 5);

26 Initializing New Objects Fraction g(4, 5);

27 Initializing New Objects Fraction g(4, 5); Because we have provided one constructor, the compiler no longer automatically provides a default constructor one that takes no arguments.

28 Default Constructor // main.cpp // fraction.h class Fraction Fraction(); // default constructor // fraction.cpp Fraction::Fraction() : m_numerator(0), m_denominator(1) } // defaults to 0/1

29 Copy Constructor Fraction g(4, 5); Fraction h(g); // create a fraction that is a copy of another

30 Copy Constructor // main.cpp Fraction g(4, 5); Fraction h(g) // fraction.h class Fraction Fraction(const Fraction & source);

31 Copy Constructor // main.cpp Fraction g(4, 5); Fraction h(g) // fraction.h class Fraction Fraction(const Fraction & source); // fraction.cpp Fraction::Fraction(const Fraction & source) : m_numerator(source.m_numerator), m_denominator(source.m_denominator) }

32 Initializing New Objects A Warning! fraction f(); // NEVER do this. The compiler thinks you are // declaring a function named f that has no // parameters but returns a fraction.

33 End of Session

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