1. Short circuit AND (&&) = if first condition is false then the second is never evaluated

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1 1. What are the 2 types of short circuit operators. 1. Short circuit AND (&&) = if first condition is false then the second is never evaluated because true and false gives you false only. 2. Short circuit OR ( ) = if first condition is true the second one is never evaluated because true OR false gives you true only. So its basically a short cut. 2. logic && short circuit operator and operator? class BoolArray boolean [] b = new boolean[3]; //initialized null int count = 0; void set(boolean [] x, int i) x[i] = true; ++count; BoolArray ba = new BoolArray(); ba.set(ba.b, 0); ba.set(ba.b, 2); ba.test(); void test() if ( b[0] && b[1] b[2] ) //b[0], b[2] = true count++; if ( b[1] && b[(++count - 2)] ) count += 7; System.out.println("count = " + count); A. count = 0 B. count = 2 C. count = 3 D. count = 4 The reference variables b and x both refer to the same boolean array. count is incremented for each call to the set() method, and once again when the first if test is true. Because of the && short circuit operator, count is not incremented during the second if test. 1

2 3. What is default value of boolean and use of short circuit && operator? public class If1 static boolean b; short hand = 42; if ( hand < 50 &&!b ) /* Line 7 */ hand++; if ( hand > 50 ); /* Line 9 */ else if ( hand > 40 ) hand += 7; hand++; else --hand; System.out.println(hand); A. 4 B. 4 C. 5 D. 5 Correct Answer: Option D In Java, boolean instance variables are initialized to false, so the if test on line 7 is true and hand is incremented. Line 9 is legal syntax, a do nothing statement. The else-if is true so hand has 7 added to it and is then incremented. 4. For loop control class Test int x= 0; int y= 0; for (int z = 0; z < 5; z++) if (( ++x > 2 ) && (++y > 2)) x++; System.out.println(x + " " + y); A. 5 B. 5 C. 6 D. 6 2

3 In the first two iterations x is incremented once and y is not because of the short circuit && operator. In the third and forth iterations x and y are each incremented, and in the fifth iteration x is doubly incremented and y is incremented. 5. && operator. public void foo( boolean a, boolean b) if( a ) System.out.println("A"); /* Line 5 */ else if(a && b) /* Line 7 */ System.out.println( "A && B"); else /* Line 11 */ if (!b ) System.out.println( "notb") ; else System.out.println( "ELSE" ) ; A. If a is true and b is true then the output is "A && B" B. If a is true and b is false then the output is "notb" C. If a is false and b is true then the output is "ELSE" D. If a is false and b is false then the output is "ELSE" Option C is correct. The output is "ELSE". Only when a is false do the output lines after 11 get some chance of executing. Option A is wrong. The output is "A". When a is true, irrespective of the value of b, only the line 5 output will be executed. The condition at line 7 will never be evaluated (when a is true it will always be trapped by the line 12 condition) therefore the output will never be "A && B". Option B is wrong. The output is "A". When a is true, irrespective of the value of b, only the line 5 output will be executed. Option D is wrong. The output is "notb". 6. Code flow with & (in jdk1.6 or above)? public class BoolTest Boolean b1 = new Boolean("false"); 3

4 boolean b2; b2 = b1.booleanvalue(); if (!b2) b2 = true; System.out.print("x "); if (b1 & b2) /* Line 13 */ System.out.print("y "); System.out.println("z"); A. z B. x z C. y z D. Compilation fails. Correct Answer: Option B 7. What are the 3 types of bitwise operators. 1. The & operator produces a 1 bit when both bits are The ^ operator produces a 1 bit when exactly one bit is 1; 3. The operator produces a 1 bit when at least one bit is 1; 8. & = Bitwise program? class Bitwise A. 0 B. 7 C. 8 D. 14 int x = 11 & 9; //1011 & 1001 = 1001 = 9 & both bits are 1 int y = x ^ 3; // = 1010 = 10 ^ exactly one bit is 1 System.out.println( y 12 ); // = 1110 = 14 at least one bit is 1 Correct Answer: Option D The & operator produces a 1 bit when both bits are 1. The result of the & operation is 9. The ^ operator produces a 1 bit when exactly one bit is 1; the result of this operation is 10. The operator produces a 1 bit when at least one bit is 1; the result of this operation is & precedence? class SSBool 4

5 boolean b1 = true; boolean b2 = false; boolean b3 = true; if ( b1 & b2 b2 & b3 b2 ) /* Line 8 */ System.out.print("ok "); if ( b1 & b2 b2 & b3 b2 b1 ) /*Line 10*/ System.out.println("dokey"); A. ok B. dokey C. ok dokey D. No output is produced E. Compilation error Correct Answer: Option B The & operator has a higher precedence than the operator so that on line 8 b1 and b2 are evaluated together as are b2 & b3. The final b1 in line 10 is what causes that if test to be true. Hence it prints "dokey". 10. Bitwise Operators: Right Shift >> The left operands value is moved (not deleted) right by the number of bits specified by the right operand. a = Example: A >> 2 will give 15 which is 1111 a = = >>2 =

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