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1 Subsections ConectingStreamSockets S StreamDataTransferandClosing ocketcreationandnaming #1 SocketOptions Datagramsockets Exercises ExampleSocketPrograms:socket_server.c,socket_client IPC:Sockets socket_server.c socket_client.c comunicatioṇasocketisanendpointofcomunicationtowhichanamecanbe Socketsprovidepoint0to0poințtwo0waycomunicationbetwentwoproceseṣ Socketsareveryversatileandareabasicomponentofinterprocesandintersystem SocketsexistincomunicationdomainṣAsocketdomainisanabstractionthat bounḍithasatypeandoneormoreasociatedproceseṣ socketsinthesamedomaiṇtwentythresocketdomainsareidentified(se providesanadresingstructureandasetofprotocolṣsocketsconectonlywith system,likeotherformsofipc. Solaris2.xSocketscanbeusedtocomunicatebetwenprocesesonasingle <sys/socket.h>),ofwhichonlytheunixandinternetdomainsarenormalyused TheUNIXdomainprovidesasocketadrespaceonasinglesysteṃUNIXdomain socketsarenamedwithunixpathṣsocketscanalsobeusedtocomunicate conectedsystemsiscaledtheinternetdomaiṇ betwenprocesesondiferentsystemṣthesocketadrespacebetwen Socketypesdefinethecomunicationpropertiesvisibletotheaplicatioṇ InternetdomaincomunicationusestheTCP/IPinternetprotocolsuitẹ ofsockeṭ ProcesescomunicateonlybetwensocketsofthesametypẹTherearefivetypes Astreamsocket ThesocketypeisSOCK_STREAM,which,intheInternetdomain,uses norecordboundarieṣastreamoperatesmuchlikeatelephoneconversatioṇ 0providestwo0wayșequenced,reliable,andunduplicatedflowofdatawith Adatagramsocket TransmisionControlProtocol(TCP). mesagesinadiferentorderfromthesequenceinwhichthemesageswere 0suportsatwo0wayflowofmesageṣAonadatagramsocketmayreceive

2 SOCK_DGRAM,which,intheInternetdomain,usesUserDatagramProtocol senṭrecordboundariesinthedatarepreserveḍdatagramsocketsoperate muchlikepasingletersbackandforthinthemaiḷthesocketypeis (UDP) #2 Asequentialpacketsocket fixedmaximumlengtḥthesocketypeissock_seqpacketṇoprotocolforthis typehasbenimplementedforanyprotocolfamilỵ 0providesatwo0wayșequenced,reliable,conection,fordatagramsofa Arawsocket Thesesocketsareusualydatagramoriented,butheirexactcharacteristicsdependon providesacestotheunderlyingcomunicationprotocolṣ theinterfaceprovidedbytheprotocoḷ SocketCreationandNaming defaultstoaprotocolthatsuportsthespecifiedsocketypẹthesockethandle(a specifiedomainandofthespecifiedtypẹifaprotocolisnotspecifiedțhesystem protocol)iscaledtocreateasocketinthe adresisboundtoiṭcomunicatingprocesesconecthroughadreseṣinthe descriptor)isreturneḍaremoteproceshasnowaytoidentifyasocketuntilan int UNIXdomain,aconectionisusualycomposedofoneortwopathnameṣInthe socket(int domain, int type, int andremoteportṣinmostdomainșconectionsmustbeuniquẹ Internetdomain,aconectioniscomposedoflocalandremoteadresesandlocal dependingonthedomainofthesockeṭ pathorinternetadrestoasockeṭtherearethrediferentwaystocalbind(), namelen)iscaledtobinda bind(int can: ForUNIXdomainsocketswithpathscontaining14,orfewercharacterșyou s, const struct sockaddr *name, IfthepathofaUNIXdomainsocketrequiresmorecharacterșuse: #include <sys/socket.h> bind (sd, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, length); ForInternetdomainsocketșuse #include <sys/un.h> bind (sd, (struct sockaddr_un *) &addr, length); #include <netinet/in.h> bind (sd, (struct sockaddr_in *) &addr, length);

3 IntheUNIXdomain,bindinganamecreatesanamedsocketinthefilesysteṃUse ConectingStreamSockets ()toremovethesockeṭ #3 unlink()orrm theotherprocesistheclienṭtheserverbindsitsocketoapreviouslyagredpath ConectingsocketsisusualynotsymetricỌneprocesusualyactsasaserverand oradreṣithenblocksonthesockeṭforasock_streamsockețtheservercals backlog),whichspecifieshowmanyconectionrequests this: namelen)ạunixdomaincalislike int listen(int s, int canbequeueḍaclientinitiatesaconectiontotheserver'socketbyacaltoint connect(int s, struct sockaddr *name, int whileaninternetdomaincalwouldbe: struct sockaddr_un server; connect (sd, (struct sockaddr_un *)&server, length); struct automaticalyselectsandbindsanametothesockeṭforasock_streamsockețthe sockaddr_in; servercalsacept(3n)tocompletetheconectioṇ Iftheclient'socketisunboundathetimeoftheconectcalțhesystem connect (sd, (struct sockaddr_in *)&server, length); SOCK_STREAMconectionsactiveatonetimẹ descriptorwhichisvalidonlyfortheparticularconectioṇaservercanhavemultiple *addrlen)returnsanewsocket StreamDataTransferandClosing int accept(int s, struct sockaddr *addr, int SeveralfunctionstosendandreceivedatafromaSOCK_STREAMsockeṭTheseare ṡend()andrecv()arevery read(), int send(int s, const char *msg, int len, int flags),and TheflagsparameterisformedfromthebitwiseORofzerormoreofthefolowing: similartoread()andwrite(),buthavesomeaditionaloperationalflags. int MSG_OOB0Send"out0of0band"dataonsocketsthatsuporthisnotioṇThe recv(int s, char *buf, int len, int flags) socketscreatedintheaf_inetadresfamilysuportout0of0bandatạ 0TheSO_DONTROUTEoptionisturnedonforthedurationoftheoperatioṇItis underlyingprotocolmustalsosuport"out0of0band"datạonlysock_stream MSG_DONTROUTE

4 MSG_PEEK0"Pek"athedatapresentonthesocketkthedataisreturned,butnot usedonlybydiagnosticoroutingpro0gramṣ consumedșothatasubsequentreceiveoperationwilsethesamedatạ #4 ASOCK_STREAMsocketisdiscardedbycalingclose(). AdatagramsocketdoesnotrequirethataconectionbestablisheḍEachmesage Datagramsockets Thesendto()calislikeasend()calwiththedestinationadresalsospecifieḍTo mustprecedeanydatatransfeṛdataisenthroughcalstosendto()orsendmsg(). cariesthedestinationadreṣifaparticularlocaladresisneded,acaltobind() requiresonebuferforthearivingdata,recvfrom()requirestwobuferșoneforthe incomingmesageandanothertoreceivethesourceadreṣ Datagramsocketscanalsouseconnect()toconecthesocketoaspecified receivedatagramsocketmesageșcalrecvfrom()orrecvmsg()ẉhilerecv() destinationsockeṭwhenthisisdone,send()andrecv()areusedtosendand accept()andlisten()arenotusedwithdatagramsocketṣ receivedatạ Socketshaveanumberofoptionsthatcanbefetchedwithgetsockopt()andset SocketOptions SOL_SOCKET),inwhichcasethesocketoptionamemustbespecifieḍTomanipulate optionsatanyotherleveltheprotocolnumberofthedesiredprotocolcontrolingthe optionofinterestmustbespecified(segetprotoent()ingetprotobyname()). withsetsockopt()ṭhesefunctionscanbeusedathenativesocketlevel(level = Programs: ExampleSocket Thesetwoprogramshowhowyoucanestablishasocketconectionusingthe abovefunctionṣ socket_server.c,socket_client socket_server.c #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h>

5 #5 #include <sys/un.h> #include <stdio.h> #define NSTRS 3 no. of strings #define ADDRESS "mysocket" addr to connect * Strings we send to the client. char *strs[nstrs] = { "This is the first string from the server.\n", "This is the second string from the server.\n", "This is the third string from the server.\n" ; main() { char c; FILE *fp; int fromlen; register int i, s, ns, len; struct sockaddr_un saun, fsaun; * Get a socket to work with. This socket will * be in the UNIX domain, and will be a * stream socket. if ((s = socket(af_unix, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) { perror("server: socket"); * Create the address we will be binding to. saun.sun_family = AF_UNIX; strcpy(saun.sun_path, ADDRESS); * Try to bind the address to the socket. We * unlink the name first so that the bind won't * fail. * * The third argument indicates the "length" of * the structure, not just the length of the * socket name. unlink(address); len = sizeof(saun.sun_family) + strlen(saun.sun_path);

6 #6 if (bind(s, &saun, len) < 0) { perror("server: bind"); * Listen on the socket. if (listen(s, 5) < 0) { perror("server: listen"); * Accept connections. When we accept one, ns * will be connected to the client. fsaun will * contain the address of the client. if ((ns = accept(s, &fsaun, &fromlen)) < 0) { perror("server: accept"); * We'll use stdio for reading the socket. fp = fdopen(ns, "r"); * First we send some strings to the client. for (i = 0; i < NSTRS; i++) send(ns, strs[i], strlen(strs[i]), 0); * Then we read some strings from the client and * print them out. for (i = 0; i < NSTRS; i++) { while ((c = fgetc(fp))!= EOF) { putchar(c); if (c == '\n') break; * We can simply use close() to terminate the * connection, since we're done with both sides.

7 #7 close(s); exit(0); socket_client.c #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <sys/un.h> #include <stdio.h> #define NSTRS 3 no. of strings #define ADDRESS "mysocket" addr to connect * Strings we send to the server. char *strs[nstrs] = { "This is the first string from the client.\n", "This is the second string from the client.\n", "This is the third string from the client.\n" ; main() { char c; FILE *fp; register int i, s, len; struct sockaddr_un saun; * Get a socket to work with. This socket will * be in the UNIX domain, and will be a * stream socket. if ((s = socket(af_unix, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) { perror("client: socket"); * Create the address we will be connecting to. saun.sun_family = AF_UNIX; strcpy(saun.sun_path, ADDRESS); * Try to connect to the address. For this to * succeed, the server must already have bound * this address, and must have issued a listen()

8 #8 * request. * * The third argument indicates the "length" of * the structure, not just the length of the * socket name. len = sizeof(saun.sun_family) + strlen(saun.sun_path); if (connect(s, &saun, len) < 0) { perror("client: connect"); * We'll use stdio for reading * the socket. fp = fdopen(s, "r"); * First we read some strings from the server * and print them out. for (i = 0; i < NSTRS; i++) { while ((c = fgetc(fp))!= EOF) { putchar(c); if (c == '\n') break; * Now we send some strings to the server. for (i = 0; i < NSTRS; i++) send(s, strs[i], strlen(strs[i]), 0); * We can simply use close() to terminate the * connection, since we're done with both sides. close(s); Exercises exit(0); Exercise1276

9 Configuretheabovesocket_server.candsocket_client.cprogramsforyousystem andcompileandruntheṃyouwilnedtosetupsocketaddressdefinitioṇ #9 DaveMarshal 1/5/19

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