CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Computers and Programming CHAPTER 2 Introduction to C++ ( Hexadecimal 0xF4 and Octal literals 031) cout Object

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1 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Computers and Programming Why Program? Computer Systems: Hardware and Software Programs and Programming Languages What is a Program Made of? Input, Processing, and Output The Programming Process Procedural and Object-Oriented Programming 22 CHAPTER 2 Introduction to C++ ( Hexadecimal 0xF4 and Octal literals 031) The Parts of a C++ Program The cout Object The #include Directive Variables and Literals Identifiers Integer Data Types (page 44 - C++11 long long and unsigned long long) The char Data Type The C++ string Class Floating-Point Data Types The bool Data Type Determining the Size of a Data Type ( sizeof ) Variable Assignments and Initialization Scope (page 60 C++11 auto keyword for implicit typing) Arithmetic Operators Comments Named Constants Programming Style 73 CHAPTER 3 Expressions and Interactivity The cin Object Mathematical Expressions When You Mix Apples and Oranges: Type Conversion Overflow and Underflow Type Casting Multiple Assignment and Combined Assignment Formatting Output Working with Characters and string Objects More Mathematical Library Functions Focus on Debugging: Hand Tracing a Program Focus on Problem Solving: A Case Study 132 CHAPTER 4 Making Decisions Relational Operators The if Statement Expanding the if Statement The if/else Statement Nested if Statements The if/else if Statement Flags Logical Operators Checking Numeric Ranges with Logical Operators Menus Focus on Software Engineering: Validating User Input Comparing Characters and Strings The Conditional Operator (? : ) 199

2 4.14 The switch Statement More About Blocks and Scope 211 CHAPTER 5 Loops and Files while ( cin >> number ) The Increment and Decrement Operators Introduction to Loops: The while Loop Using the while Loop for Input Validation Counters The do-while Loop The for Loop Keeping a Running Total (Accumulators) Sentinels Focus on Software Engineering: Deciding Which Loop to Use Nested Loops Using Files for Data Storage ( string-object.c_str( ) ) Optional Topics: Breaking and Continuing a Loop (break / continue) 284 CHAPTER 6 Functions Focus on Software Engineering: Modular Programming Defining and Calling Functions Function Prototypes Sending Data into a Function Passing Data by Value Focus on Software Engineering: Using Functions in a Menu-Driven Program The return Statement Returning a Value from a Function Returning a Boolean Value Local and Global Variables Static Local Variables Default Arguments Using Reference Variables as Parameters Overloading Functions The exit( ) Function ( cstdlib ) Stubs and Drivers 361 CHAPTER 7 Arrays 375 (no discussion of STL array class) 7.1 Arrays Hold Multiple Values Accessing Array Elements No Bounds Checking in C Array Initialization The Range-Based for Loop Processing Array Contents Focus on Software Engineering: Using Parallel Arrays Arrays as Function Arguments Two-Dimensional Arrays Arrays with Three or More Dimensions Focus on Problem Solving and Program Design: A Case Study If You Plan to Continue in Computer Science: Introduction to the STL vector class 429 CHAPTER 8 Searching and Sorting Arrays Focus on Software Engineering: Introduction to Search Algorithms Focus on Problem Solving and Program Design: A Case Study Focus on Software Engineering: IIntroduction to Sorting Algorithms Focus on Problem Solving and Program Design: A Case Study If You Plan to Continue in Computer Science: Sorting and Searching vectors 485

3 CHAPTER 9 Pointers Getting the Address of a Variable Pointer Variables The Relationship Between Arrays and Pointers Pointer Arithmetic Initializing Pointers (C++11 nullptr) Comparing Pointers Pointers as Function Parameters Focus on Software Engineering: Dynamic Memory Allocation Focus on Software Engineering: Returning Pointers from Functions Using Smart Pointers to Avoid Memory Leaks (C++11 unique_ptr class) Focus on Problem Solving and Program Design: A Case Study 536 CHAPTER 10 Characters, C-Strings, and More About the string Class Character Testing 547 #include <cctype> character functions 10.2 Character Case Conversion 551 toupper / tolower 10.3 C-Strings Library Functions for Working with C-Strings C-String/Numeric Conversion Functions 569 cstdlib - atoi, atol, atof, itoa C++11 to_string( ) stand-alone function declared in string class Focus on Software Engineering: Writing Your Own C-String-Handling Functions More About the C++ string Class Focus on Problem Solving and Program Design: A Case Study 590 CHAPTER 11 Structured Data Abstract Data Types Focus on Software Engineering: Combining Data into Structures Accessing Structure Members Initializing a Structure Arrays of Structures Focus on Software Engineering: Nested Structures Structures as Function Arguments Returning a Structure from a Function Pointers to Structures Focus on Software Engineering: When to Use., ->, and * Unions Enumerated Data Types 632 CHAPTER 12 Advanced File Operations File Operations File Output Formatting Passing File Stream Objects to Functions More Detailed Error Testing Member Functions for Reading and Writing Files Focus on Software Engineering: Working with Multiple Files Binary Files Creating Records with Structures Random-Access Files Opening a File for Both Input and Output 697 CHAPTER 13 Introduction to Classes Procedural and Object-Oriented Programming Introduction to Classes Defining an Instance of a Class 723

4 13.4 Why Have Private Members? Focus on Software Engineering: Separating Class Specification from Implementation Inline Member Functions Constructors Passing Arguments to Constructors Destructors Overloading Constructors Private Member Functions Arrays of Objects Focus on Problem Solving and Program Design: An OOP Case Study Focus on Object-Oriented Programming: Simulating Dice with Objects Focus on Object-Oriented Design: Creating an Abstgract Array Data Type Focus on Object-Oriented Design: The Unified Modeling Language (UML) Focus on Object-Oriented Design: Finding the Classes and Their Responsibilities 788 CHAPTER 14 More About Classes Instance and Static Members Friends of Classes Memberwise Assignment Copy Constructors Operator Overloading Object Conversion Aggregation Focus on Object-Oriented Design: Class Collaborations Focus on Object-Oriented Programming: Simulating the Game of Cho-Han 869 CHAPTER 15 Inheritance, Polymorphism, and Virtual Functions What Is Inheritance? Protected Members and Class Access Constructors and Destructors in Base and Derived Classes Redefining Base Class Functions Class Hierarchies Polymorphism and Virtual Member Functions Abstract Base Classes and Pure Virtual Functions Multiple Inheritance 952 CHAPTER 16 Exceptions, Templates, and the Standard Template Library 971 CHAPTER 17 Linked Lists 1025 CHAPTER 18 Stacks and Queues 1063 CHAPTER 19 Recursion 1121 CHAPTER 20 Binary Trees 1155

5 Appendix B: The ASCII Character Set Appendix C: Operator Precedence and Associativity Quick References Index Online: The following appendices are available at Appendix D: Introduction to Flowcharting Appendix E: Using UML in Class Design Appendix F: Namespaces Appendix G: Writing Managed C++ Code for the.net Framework Appendix H: Passing Command Line Arguments Appendix I: Header File and Library Function Reference Appendix J: Binary Numbers and Bitwise Operations Appendix K: Multi-Source File Programs Appendix L: Stream Member Functions for Formatting Appendix M: Introduction to Microsoft Visual C Express Edition Appendix N: Answers to Checkpoints Appendix O: Solutions to Odd-Numbered Review Questions

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