Contents. About This Book...1

Transcription

1 Contents About This Book...1 Chapter 1: Basic Concepts...5 Overview...6 SAS Programs...7 SAS Libraries...13 Referencing SAS Files...15 SAS Data Sets...18 Variable Attributes...21 Summary...26 Practice...28 Quiz...29 Chapter 2: Referencing Files and Setting Options...33 Overview...34 Referencing Files...34 Viewing the Contents of SAS Libraries...39 Setting SAS System Options...43 Viewing System Options...53 Additional System Options...54 Summary...55 Practice...56 Quiz...57 Chapter 3: Editing and Debugging SAS Programs...61 Overview...62 SAS Program Layout...63 Interpreting Error Messages...64 Correcting Errors...65 Resolving Common Problems...67 Additional Features...73 Summary...74 Practice...74 Quiz...75 Chapter 4: Creating List Reports...77 Overview...78 Types of Reports...79 Creating a Basic Report...82 Identifying Observations...86 Selecting Observations...88 Sorting Data...90 Generating Column Totals...92 Double-Spacing Listing Output...98 Specifying Titles and Footnotes...99 Assigning Descriptive Labels Formatting Data Values...104

2 ii SAS Certification Prep Guide Using Permanently Assigned Labels and Formats Additional Features Summary Practice Quiz Chapter 5: Creating SAS Data Sets from Raw Data Overview Raw Data Files Steps to Create a SAS Data Set Referencing a SAS Library Referencing a Raw Data File Writing a DATA Step Program Submitting the DATA Step Program Creating and Modifying Variables Subsetting Data Reading Instream Data Steps to Create a Raw Data File Additional Features Summary Practice Quiz Chapter 6: Understanding DATA Step Processing Overview Writing Basic DATA Steps How SAS Processes Programs Compilation Phase Execution Phase Debugging a DATA Step Testing Your Programs Summary Practice Quiz Chapter 7: Creating and Applying User-Defined Formats Overview Introduction to PROC FORMAT Invoking PROC FORMAT Defining a Unique Format Associating User-Defined Formats with Variables Summary Practice Quiz Chapter 8: Creating Enhanced List and Summary Reports Overview Creating a Default List Report Selecting Variables Selecting Observations Defining Variables Defining Column Attributes Defining Column Headings...219

3 Contents iii Specifying Column Justification Enhancing the Heading's Appearance Defining Variable Usage Summary Practice Quiz Chapter 9: Producing Descriptive Statistics Overview Computing Statistics for Numeric Variables Producing Frequency Tables Summary Practice Quiz Chapter 10: Producing HTML Output Overview The Output Delivery System Opening and Closing ODS Destinations Creating Simple HTML Creating HTML Output with a Table of Contents Using Options to Specify Links and Paths Changing the Appearance of HTML Output Additional Features Summary Practice Quiz Chapter 11: Creating and Managing Variables Overview Creating and Modifying Variables Assigning Values Conditionally Specifying Lengths for Variables Subsetting Data Assigning Permanent Labels and Formats Assigning Values Conditionally Using SELECT Groups Grouping Statements Using DO Groups Summary Practice Quiz Chaper 12: Reading SAS Data Sets Overview Reading a Single Data Set Manipulating Data Using BY-Group Processing Reading Observations Using Direct Access Detecting the End of a Data Set Understanding How Data Sets Are Read Additional Features Summary Practice Quiz...352

4 iv SAS Certification Prep Guide Chapter 13: Combining SAS Data Sets Overview One-to-One Reading Concatenating Interleaving Simple Match-Merging Match-Merging Processing Renaming Variables Excluding Unmatched Observations Selecting Variables Additional Features Summary Practice Quiz Chapter 14: Transforming Data with SAS Functions Overview Understanding SAS Functions General Form of SAS Functions Converting Data with Functions Manipulating SAS Date Values with Functions Modifying Character Values with Functions Modifying Numeric Values with Functions Summary Practice Quiz Chapter 15: Generating Data with DO Loops Overview Constructing DO Loops Nesting DO Loops Iteratively Processing Data That Is Read from a Data Set Conditionally Executing DO Loops Using Conditional Clauses with the Iterative DO Statement Creating Samples Summary Practice Quiz Chapter 16: Processing Variables with Arrays Overview Creating One-Dimensional Arrays Expanding Your Use of Arrays Additional Features Summary Practice Quiz...494

5 Contents v Chapter 17: Reading Raw Data in Fixed Fields Overview Review of Column Input Identifying Standard and Nonstandard Numeric Data Choosing an Input Style Using Formatted Input Using Informats Record Formats Summary Practice Quiz Chapter 18: Reading Free-Format Data Overview Reading Free-Format Data Using List Input Reading Missing Values Specifying the Length of Character Values Modifying List Input Creating Free-Format Data Mixing Input Styles Summary Practice Quiz Chapter 19: Reading Date and Time Values Overview How SAS Stores Date Values How SAS Stores Time Values More about SAS Date and Time Values Reading Date and Time Informats Using Dates and Times in Calculations Using Date and Time Formats Summary Practice Quiz Chapter 20: Creating a Single Observation from Multiple Records Overview Use Line Pointer Controls Reading Multiple Records Sequentially Reading Multiple Records Non-Sequentially Combining Line Pointer Controls Summary Practice Quiz...599

6 vi SAS Certification Prep Guide Chapter 21: Creating Multiple Observations from a Single Record Overview Reading Repeating Blocks of Data Reading the Same Number of Repeating Fields Reading a Varying Number of Repeating Fields Summary Practice Quiz Chapter 22: Reading Hierarchical Files Overview Creating One Observation Per Detail Record Creating One Observation Per Header Record Summary Practice Quiz Quiz Answer Keys Chapter 1: Basic Concepts Chapter 2: Referencing Files and Setting Options Chapter 3: Editing and Debugging SAS Programs Chapter 4: Creating List Reports Chapter 5: Creating SAS Data Sets from Raw Data Chapter 6: Understanding DATA Step Processing Chapter 7: Creating and Applying User-Defined Formats Chapter 8: Creating Enhanced List and Summary Reports Chapter 9: Producing Descriptive Statistics Chapter 10: Producing HTML Output Chapter 11: Creating and Managing Variables Chapter 12: Reading SAS Data Sets Chapter 13: Combining SAS Data Sets Chapter 14: Transforming Data with SAS Functions Chapter 15: Generating Data with DO Loops Chapter 16: Processing Variables with Arrays Chapter 17: Reading Raw Data in Fixed Fields Chapter 18: Reading Free-Format Data Chapter 19: Reading Date and Time Values Chapter 20: Creating a Single Observation from Multiple Records Chapter 21: Creating Multiple Observations from a Single Record Chapter 22: Reading Hierarchical Files Glossary Index...811