Introduction to.net. Andrew Cumming, SoC. Introduction to.net. Bill Buchanan, SoC. W.Buchanan (1)

Transcription

1 Andrew Cumming, SoC Bill Buchanan, SoC W.Buchanan (1)

2 Course Outline Day 1: Morning Introduction to Object-Orientation, Introduction to.net, Overview of.net Framework,.NET Components. C#. Day 1: Afternoon Data Types, Variables, Converting Data Types, if, for, while, File Handling Day 2: Morning Arrays, System.Collections, ArrayLists, Hashtables. Day 2: Afternoon Reference-Type Variables, Common Reference Types, Object Hierarchy, Namespaces, Debugging. Day 3: Morning Methods, Exceptions, Namespaces, Modules/ Assemblies, Non-visual Components, Regular Expressions, Intellisense, Help, Delegates, Events. Day 3: Afternoon Cerebus, Limit-check components, Power meter class. Course Outline (Day 1 to 3) W.Buchanan (2)

3 Course Outline Day 4: Morning Classes, Encapsulation, Object-Orientation, Classes, Sealed Classes, Interfaces, Abstract Classes. Day 4: Afternoon Using Constructors, Initializing Memory, Objects and Memory, Resource Management. Day 5: Morning Cerebus: 1mW Test. Day 5: Afternoon Operators, Operator Overloading, Attributes, Custom Attributes, Retrieving Attribute Values. Course Outline (Day 4 and 5) W.Buchanan (3)

4 Module 1 Introduction to Object-orientation..NET Framework. Visual Studio Environment. Benefits of C# over VB..NET Components..NET Languages. Introduction W.Buchanan (4)

5 An Introduction to Object- Orientation Bill Buchanan Introduction W.Buchanan (5)

6 Some Cups W.Buchanan (6)

7 Parameter Cup 1 Cup 2 Cup3 Shape (Standard/Square/Mug) Standard Square Mug Colour (Red/Blue/Green) Blue Red Green Size (Small/Medium/Large) Small Large Small Transparency (0 to 100%) 100% 50% 25% Handle type (Small/Large) Small Small Large In object-orientation:a collection of parameters defines a class. Class for the cup is thus: Shape, Colour, Size, Transparency, HandleType. In object-orientation: Objects are created from classes. A Quick Introduction to Object-Orientation W.Buchanan (7)

8 using System; namespace ConsoleApplication2 Class definitions public class Cup public string Shape; public string Colour; public string Size; public int Transparency; public string Handle; Available variables (properties) Method public void DisplayCup() System.Console.WriteLine("Cup is 0, 1", Colour, Handle); class Class1 static void Main(string[] args) Cup cup = new Cup(); cup.colour = "Red"; cup.handle = "Small"; cup.displaycup(); System.Console.ReadLine(); Create new object Set properties Apply method Example C# Program using Object-Orientation W.Buchanan (8)

9 using System; namespace ConsoleApplication2 public class Circuit public double Parallel(double r1, double r2) return((r1*r2)/(r1+r2)); public double Series(double r1, double r2) return(r1+r2); Class definitions class Class1 static void Main(string[] args) double v1=100,v2=100; double res; Circuit cir = new Circuit(); res=cir.parallel(v1,v2); System.Console.WriteLine("Parallel resistance is 0 ohms",res); res=cir.series(100,100); System.Console.WriteLine("Series resistance is 0 ohms",res); System.Console.ReadLine(); Another example W.Buchanan (9)

10 using System; namespace ConsoleApplication2 public class Complex public double real; public double imag; public double mag() return (Math.Sqrt(real*real+imag*imag)); public double angle() return (Math.Atan(imag/real)*180/Math.PI); class Class1 static void Main(string[] args) string str; double mag,angle; Complex r = new Complex(); System.Console.Write("Enter real value >>"); str=system.console.readline(); r.real = Convert.ToInt32(str); System.Console.Write("Enter imag value >>"); str=system.console.readline(); r.imag = Convert.ToInt32(str); mag=r.mag(); angle=r.angle(); System.Console.WriteLine("Mag is 0 and angle is 1",mag,angle); System.Console.ReadLine(); z = x + jy z z = x 2 = tan + y 1 2 y x Another example W.Buchanan (10)

11 .NET Framework Bill Buchanan Introduction W.Buchanan (11)

12 Source Code (C/C++/ Delphi/ VB) Compilation OBJ file Linker Linker EXE EXE Program Program Static Static Libraries gdi32.dll API (Application Programming Interface) ole32.dll Traditional Windows Model W.Buchanan (12)

13 Creating windows. Windows support functions. Message processing. Menus. Resources. Dialog boxes. User input functions. Memory management. GDI (graphical device interface). Bitmaps, icons and metafiles. Printing and text output. Painting and drawing. File I/O. Clipboard. Support for public and private clipboards. Registry. Support for functions which access the Registry. Initialization files. Support for functions which access INI files. System information. String manipulation. Timers. Processes and threads. Example Error and exception processing. Example C++ C++ code code calling calling an an API API #include <windows.h> #include <windows.h> MDI (multiple document int interface). WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hinstance, int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hinstance, Help files. HINSTANCE hprev, LPSTR lpcmd, int nshow) HINSTANCE hprev, LPSTR lpcmd, int nshow) File compression/decompression. char msg[128]; DLLs. char msg[128]; wsprintf(msg, "My name is Fred"); Network support (NetBios and wsprintf(msg, Windows sockets "My name 1.1 APIs). is Fred"); MessageBox(GetFocus(), msg, "My first MessageBox(GetFocus(), msg, "My first Multimedia support (sound Window", APIs). MB_OK MB_ICONINFORMATION); Window", MB_OK MB_ICONINFORMATION); OLE and DDE (dynamic data return(0); return(0); exchange). TrueType fonts. gdi32.dll EXE EXE Program Program API (Application Programming Interface) ole32.dll Traditional Windows Model W.Buchanan (13)

14 EXE EXE Program Program Lack of support for different hardware Programs were compiled to x86 code. Difficult to integrate different languages Lack of security Integration Most programs where written with little care about security Poor version control for system components Weak integration with Internet/WWW Code and WWW code where seen as separate entities. Code.asp Code.asp <% <% %> %> val1 = 10 val1 = 10 val2 = 20 val2 = 20 result = Cstr(val1) + Cstr(val2) result = Cstr(val1) + Cstr(val2) response.write "<BR>Value is " & result response.write "<BR>Value is " & result result = val1 + val2 result = val1 + val2 response.write "<BR>Value is " & result response.write "<BR>Value is " & result So what s wrong with the old model? W.Buchanan (14)

15 VB VB ASP ASP ASP ASP VB VB.NET.NET C# C# C C C++ C++ VBA VBA Executable Executable Program Program Visual Studio ASP WWW Services COM+ (Distributed Components).NET Platform API (Application Programming Interface) New.NET Platform W.Buchanan (15)

16 VB VB.NET.NET C# C# FCL FCL (Framework Class Class Library) Web Web component component Compiler CLS CLS (Common (Common Language Language Specification) Specification) CTS CTS (Common (Common Type Type System) System) MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language) CLR CLR (Common Language Runtime) Allows Allows the the programs to to run run similar similar to to the the Java Java Virtual Virtual Machine (JVM) (JVM) How are languages integrated? W.Buchanan (16)

17 Volume in drive C has no label. Volume Serial Number is 1A83-0D9D Directory of C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v /02/ :24 7,680 Accessibility.dll 21/02/ :00 98,304 alink.dll 20/02/ :19 24,576 aspnet_filter.dll 20/02/ :19 253,952 aspnet_isapi.dll 20/02/ :19 40,960 aspnet_rc.dll 20/02/ :09 77,824 CORPerfMonExt.dll 21/02/ :21 626,688 cscomp.dll 21/02/ :24 12,288 cscompmgd.dll 21/02/ :24 33,792 CustomMarshalers.dll 29/07/ :11 219,136 c_g18030.dll 21/02/ :21 524,288 diasymreader.dll 19/03/ :52 245,760 envdte.dll 20/02/ :16 798,720 EventLogMessages.dll 20/02/ :06 282,624 fusion.dll 21/02/ :24 7,168 IEExecRemote.dll 21/02/ :24 32,768 IEHost.dll 21/02/ :24 4,608 IIEHost.dll 21/02/ :25 1,564,672 mscorcfg.dll 20/02/ :09 77,824 mscordbc.dll 20/02/ :09 233,472 mscordbi.dll 20/02/ :09 86,016 mscorie.dll 20/02/ :06 311,296 mscorjit.dll 20/02/ :09 98,304 mscorld.dll 21/02/ :26 2,088,960 mscorlib.dll 20/02/ :43 131,072 mscormmc.dll 20/02/ :06 65,536 mscorpe.dll 20/02/ :09 143,360 mscorrc.dll 20/02/ :09 81,920 mscorsec.dll 20/02/ :09 77,824 mscorsn.dll 20/02/ :07 2,494,464 mscorsvr.dll 20/02/ :09 9,216 mscortim.dll 20/02/ :08 2,482,176 mscorwks.dll 21/02/ :42 348,160 msvcr71.dll 18/03/ :03 544,768 msvcr71d.dll 20/02/ :18 20,480 mtxoci8.dll 19/03/ :50 196,608 office.dll 20/02/ :09 90,112 PerfCounter.dll 21/02/ :26 32,768 RegCode.dll Program Contains most of the code that is called by the program Mscorlib.dll Arrays, Arrays, File File I/O, I/O, System, System, Security Security.NET Framework Files W.Buchanan (17)

18 Visual Studio Environment Bill Buchanan Visual Studio Environment W.Buchanan (18)

19 Name of the folder Which contains the Project files the project is stored. Folder where the project is stored. W.Buchanan (19)

20 Class file (.cs) Solution explorer Code and Text Editor Editor's statement completion W.Buchanan (20)

21 Example of Auto-Complete W.Buchanan (21)

22 W.Buchanan (22)

23 Module01_01.sln Module01_01.sln Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 8.00 Project("FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC") Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version = "Module01_01", 8.00 Project("FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC") "Module01_01.csproj", "1EA384DD-927E-4B94-ABB8-BA08DFAE5AB3" = "Module01_01", ProjectSection(ProjectDependencies) "Module01_01.csproj", "1EA384DD-927E-4B94-ABB8-BA08DFAE5AB3" = postproject EndProjectSection ProjectSection(ProjectDependencies) = postproject EndProject EndProjectSection Global EndProject Global GlobalSection(SolutionConfiguration) = presolution GlobalSection(SolutionConfiguration) Debug = Debug = presolution Release Debug = = Debug Release EndGlobalSection Release = Release GlobalSection(ProjectConfiguration) EndGlobalSection = postsolution GlobalSection(ProjectConfiguration) 1EA384DD-927E-4B94-ABB8-BA08DFAE5AB3.Debug.ActiveCfg = postsolution = Debug.NET 1EA384DD-927E-4B94-ABB8-BA08DFAE5AB3.Debug.ActiveCfg = Debug.NET 1EA384DD-927E-4B94-ABB8-BA08DFAE5AB3.Debug.Build.0 = Debug.NET 1EA384DD-927E-4B94-ABB8-BA08DFAE5AB3.Debug.Build.0 = Debug.NET 1EA384DD-927E-4B94-ABB8-BA08DFAE5AB3.Release.ActiveCfg = Release.NET 1EA384DD-927E-4B94-ABB8-BA08DFAE5AB3.Release.ActiveCfg = Release.NET 1EA384DD-927E-4B94-ABB8-BA08DFAE5AB3.Release.Build.0 = Release.NET 1EA384DD-927E-4B94-ABB8-BA08DFAE5AB3.Release.Build.0 = EndGlobalSection Release.NET GlobalSection(ExtensibilityGlobals) EndGlobalSection = postsolution EndGlobalSection GlobalSection(ExtensibilityGlobals) = postsolution GlobalSection(ExtensibilityAddIns) EndGlobalSection = postsolution EndGlobalSection GlobalSection(ExtensibilityAddIns) = postsolution EndGlobal EndGlobalSection EndGlobal Solution File (.sln) W.Buchanan (23)

24 CSProf file Module01_01.csprof Module01_01.csprof <VisualStudioProject> <VisualStudioProject> <CSHARP <CSHARP ProjectType = "Local" ProductVersion ProjectType = = "Local" " " SchemaVersion ProductVersion = "2.0" = " " > SchemaVersion = "2.0" > <Build> <Build> <Settings <Settings ApplicationIcon = "App.ico" AssemblyKeyContainerName ApplicationIcon = "App.ico" = "" AssemblyName AssemblyKeyContainerName = "Module01_01" = "" AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile AssemblyName = "Module01_01" = "" DefaultClientScript AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile = "JScript" = "" DefaultHTMLPageLayout DefaultClientScript = = "JScript" "Grid" DefaultTargetSchema DefaultHTMLPageLayout = "IE50" = "Grid" DelaySign DefaultTargetSchema = "false" = "IE50" OutputType = "Exe" PreBuildEvent DelaySign = "false" = "" PostBuildEvent OutputType = = "Exe" "" RootNamespace PreBuildEvent = = "Module01_01" "" PostBuildEvent = "" RunPostBuildEvent RootNamespace = "Module01_01" = "OnBuildSuccess > <Config RunPostBuildEvent = "OnBuildSuccess > <Config Name = "Debug" AllowUnsafeBlocks Name = "Debug" = "false".. AllowUnsafeBlocks = "false".. /> <Config /> <Config Name = "Release" AllowUnsafeBlocks Name = "Release" = "false" BaseAddress AllowUnsafeBlocks = " " = "false".. BaseAddress = " ".. /> </Settings> /> <References> </Settings> </Build> <References> <Files> </Build> <Files> <Include> <Include> <File RelPath = "App.ico BuildAction = "Content" /> <File <File RelPath RelPath = = "App.ico "AssemblyInfo.cs" BuildAction SubType = "Content" = "Code" /> <File BuildAction RelPath = = "Compile" "AssemblyInfo.cs" /> SubType = "Code" <File BuildAction = "Compile" /> <File RelPath = "Class1.cs" SubType = "Code" BuildAction RelPath = "Class1.cs" = "Compile" SubType = "Code" /> </Include> BuildAction = "Compile" /> </Files> </Include> </CSHARP> </Files> </VisualStudioProject> </CSHARP> </VisualStudioProject> W.Buchanan (24)

25 Class1.cs Class1.cs using System; using System; namespace Module01_01 namespace Module01_01 / <summary> / <summary> / Summary description for Class1. / Summary description for Class1. / </summary> / </summary> class Class1 class Class1 / <summary> / <summary> / The main entry point for the application. / The main entry point for the application. / </summary> / </summary> static void Main(string[] args) static void Main(string[] args) TODO: Add code to start application here TODO: Add code to start application here System.Console.WriteLine("Agilent System.Console.WriteLine("Agilent Course"); Course"); System.Console.ReadLine(); System.Console.ReadLine(); Solution File (.sln) W.Buchanan (25)

26 ICO file W.Buchanan (26)

27 .NET uses assembly to represent a single unit. An assembly is a collection of files that appear as a single unit, such as a single DLL or an EXE. AssemblyInfo.cs AssemblyInfo.cs using System.Reflection; using using System.Runtime.CompilerServices; System.Reflection; using System.Runtime.CompilerServices; General Information about an assembly is controlled through the following set General of attributes. Information Change about these an assembly attribute is values controlled to modify through the the information following associated set of attributes. with an assembly. Change these attribute values to modify the information associated with an assembly. [assembly: AssemblyTitle("")] [assembly: [assembly: AssemblyDescription("")] AssemblyTitle("")] [assembly: [assembly: AssemblyConfiguration("")] AssemblyDescription("")] [assembly: [assembly: AssemblyCompany("")] AssemblyConfiguration("")] [assembly: [assembly: AssemblyProduct("")] AssemblyCompany("")] [assembly: [assembly: AssemblyCopyright("")] AssemblyProduct("")] [assembly: [assembly: AssemblyTrademark("")] AssemblyCopyright("")] [assembly: [assembly: AssemblyCulture("")] AssemblyTrademark("")] [assembly: AssemblyCulture("")] Version information for an assembly consists of the following four values: Version information for an assembly consists of the following four values: Major Version Minor Major Version Version Build Minor Number Version Revision Build Number Revision You can specify all the values or you can default the Revision and Build You Numbers can specify all the values or you can default the Revision and Build by using Numbers the '*' as shown below: by using the '*' as shown below: [assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.*")] [assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.*")] [assembly: AssemblyDelaySign(false)] [assembly: [assembly: AssemblyKeyFile("")] AssemblyDelaySign(false)] [assembly: [assembly: AssemblyKeyName("")] AssemblyKeyFile("")] [assembly: AssemblyKeyName("")] Solution File (.sln) W.Buchanan (27)

28 Types Namespace: ConsoleAppplication2 Types W.Buchanan (28)

29 Methods Variable Members W.Buchanan (29)

30 Property W.Buchanan (30)

31 Object Browser W.Buchanan (31)

32 System.Collections W.Buchanan (32)

33 .NET Languages What are the languages?.net Languages W.Buchanan (33)

34 VB.NET Code VB.NET Code Dim j As Integer Dim j As Integer Dim prime As Boolean Dim prime As Boolean Dim i As Integer Dim i As Integer For i = 1 To 100 For i = 1 To 100 prime = True prime = True For j = 2 To (i / 2) For j = 2 To (i / 2) If ((i Mod j) = 0) Then If ((i Mod j) = 0) Then prime = False prime = False End If End If Next j Next j If (prime = True) Then If (prime = True) Then TextBox1.Text = TextBox1.Text & "," & Str(i) TextBox1.Text = TextBox1.Text & "," & Str(i) End If End If Next i Next i C# Code C# Code int i, j; int i, j; bool prime; bool prime; for (i=0;i<100;i++) for (i=0;i<100;i++) prime = true; prime = true; for (j=2;j<=i/2;j++) for (j=2;j<=i/2;j++) if ((i%j)==0) prime=false; if ((i%j)==0) prime=false; if (prime==true) textbox1.text+=" " + Convert.ToString(i); if (prime==true) textbox1.text+=" " + Convert.ToString(i); Example of C# and VB.NET Code W.Buchanan (34)

35 Public Class Form1 Public Inherits Class System.Windows.Forms.Form Form1 Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form #Region " Windows Form Designer generated code " #Region " Windows Form Designer generated code " Public Sub New() Public MyBase.New() Sub New() MyBase.New() End Sub 'Form End Sub overrides dispose to clean up the component list. Protected 'Form overrides Overloads dispose Overrides to clean Sub Dispose(ByVal up the component disposing list. As Boolean) Protected If disposing Overloads Then Overrides Sub Dispose(ByVal disposing As Boolean) If If disposing Not (components Then Is Nothing) Then If Not (components Is Nothing) Then Ifcomponents.Dispose() End IfEnd If MyBase.Dispose(disposing) End If End Sub MyBase.Dispose(disposing) 'Required End Sub by the Windows Form Designer Private 'Required components by the Windows As System.ComponentModel.IContainer Form Designer Private components As System.ComponentModel.IContainer Friend WithEvents TextBox1 As System.Windows.Forms.TextBox Friend Friend WithEvents Button1 TextBox1 As As System.Windows.Forms.Button System.Windows.Forms.TextBox <System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThrough()> Friend WithEvents Button1 As System.Windows.Forms.Button Private Sub InitializeComponent() <System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThrough()> Me.TextBox1 = New System.Windows.Forms.TextBox Private Sub InitializeComponent() Me.Button1 Me.TextBox1 = New = New System.Windows.Forms.Button System.Windows.Forms.TextBox Me.SuspendLayout() Me.Button1 = New System.Windows.Forms.Button ' Me.SuspendLayout() 'TextBox1 ' ' 'TextBox1 Me.TextBox1.Location ' = New System.Drawing.Point(24, 16) Me.TextBox1.Multiline Me.TextBox1.Location = True New System.Drawing.Point(24, 16) Me.TextBox1.Name Me.TextBox1.Multiline = "TextBox1" = True Me.TextBox1.Size Me.TextBox1.Name = = New "TextBox1" System.Drawing.Size(200, 168) Me.TextBox1.TabIndex Me.TextBox1.Size = New = 0 System.Drawing.Size(200, 168) Me.TextBox1.Text Me.TextBox1.TabIndex = "" = 0 ' Me.TextBox1.Text = "" 'Button1 ' ' 'Button1 Me.Button1.Location ' = New System.Drawing.Point(200, 192) Me.Button1.Name Me.Button1.Location = "Button1" = New System.Drawing.Point(200, 192) Me.Button1.Size Me.Button1.Name = = New "Button1" System.Drawing.Size(80, 56) Me.Button1.TabIndex Me.Button1.Size = New = 1 System.Drawing.Size(80, 56) Me.Button1.Text Me.Button1.TabIndex = "E&xit" = 1 ' Me.Button1.Text = "E&xit" 'Form1 ' ' 'Form1 Me.AutoScaleBaseSize ' = New System.Drawing.Size(5, 13) Me.ClientSize Me.AutoScaleBaseSize = New System.Drawing.Size(292, = New System.Drawing.Size(5, 266) 13) Me.Controls.Add(Me.Button1) Me.ClientSize = New System.Drawing.Size(292, 266) Me.Controls.Add(Me.TextBox1) Me.Controls.Add(Me.Button1) Me.Name Me.Controls.Add(Me.TextBox1) = "Form1" Me.Text Me.Name = = "Form1" Me.ResumeLayout(False) Me.Text = "Form1" Me.ResumeLayout(False) End Sub End Sub #End Region #End Region Private Sub TextBox1_TextChanged(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles TextBox1.TextChanged End Sub Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load Dim j As Integer Dim prime As Boolean Dim i As Integer For i = 1 To 100 prime = True For j = 2 To (i / 2) If ((i Mod j) = 0) Then prime = False End If Next j If (prime = True) Then TextBox1.Text = TextBox1.Text & "," & Str(i) End If Next i End Sub Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click Application.Exit() End Sub End Class Example VB.NET Code W.Buchanan (35)

36 using System; using using System.Drawing; System; using using System.Collections; System.Drawing; using using System.ComponentModel; System.Collections; using using System.Windows.Forms; System.ComponentModel; using using System.Data; System.Windows.Forms; using System.Data; namespace WindowsApplication1 namespace WindowsApplication1 public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textbox1; private System.Windows.Forms.Button System.Windows.Forms.TextBox button1; textbox1; / private <summary> System.Windows.Forms.Button button1; / / Required <summary> designer variable. / / </summary> Required designer variable. private / </summary> System.ComponentModel.Container components = null; private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null; public Form1() public Form1() InitializeComponent(); InitializeComponent(); protected override void Dispose( bool disposing ) protected override void Dispose( bool disposing ) if( disposing ) if( disposing ) if (components!= null) if (components!= null) components.dispose(); components.dispose(); base.dispose( disposing ); base.dispose( disposing ); #region Windows Form Designer generated code private #region void Windows InitializeComponent() Form Designer generated code private void InitializeComponent() this.textbox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox(); this.button1 this.textbox1 = new = new System.Windows.Forms.Button(); System.Windows.Forms.TextBox(); this.suspendlayout(); this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button(); this.suspendlayout(); textbox1 textbox1 this.textbox1.location = new System.Drawing.Point(24, 16); this.textbox1.multiline this.textbox1.location = true; new System.Drawing.Point(24, 16); this.textbox1.name this.textbox1.multiline = "textbox1"; = true; this.textbox1.name = "textbox1"; this.textbox1.size = new System.Drawing.Size(184, 152); this.textbox1.size = new System.Drawing.Size(184, 152); this.textbox1.tabindex = 0; this.textbox1.text this.textbox1.tabindex = ""; = 0; this.textbox1.text = ""; button1 button1 this.button1.location = new System.Drawing.Point(200, 208); this.button1.name this.button1.location = "button1"; = new System.Drawing.Point(200, 208); this.button1.size this.button1.name = = new "button1"; System.Drawing.Size(72, 48); this.button1.tabindex this.button1.size = new = 1; System.Drawing.Size(72, 48); this.button1.text this.button1.tabindex = "E&xit"; = 1; this.button1.click this.button1.text += = "E&xit"; new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click); this.button1.click += new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click); Example C# code Form1 this.autoscalebasesize = new System.Drawing.Size(5, 13); this.clientsize = new System.Drawing.Size(292, 266); this.controls.add(this.button1); this.controls.add(this.textbox1); this.name = "Form1"; this.text = "Form1"; this.load += new System.EventHandler(this.Form1_Load); this.resumelayout(false); #endregion / </summary> [STAThread] static void Main() Application.Run(new Form1()); private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e) int i, j; bool prime; for (i=0;i<100;i++) prime = true; for (j=2;j<=i/2;j++) if ((i%j)==0) prime=false; if (prime==true) textbox1.text+=" " + Convert.ToString(i); private void button1_click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) Application.Exit(); W.Buchanan (36)

37 Benefits Why C#? Why? W.Buchanan (37)

38 C Language Language #include #include <stdio.h> <stdio.h> #include #include <math.h> <math.h> int int main(void) main(void) float float a,b,c,real1,real2,imag; a,b,c,real1,real2,imag; puts("program puts("program to to determine determine roots roots of of a a quadratic quadratic equation"); equation"); printf("enter printf("enter a,b a,b and and c c >>>"); >>>"); scanf("%f scanf("%f %f %f %f",&a,&b,&c); %f",&a,&b,&c); printf("equation printf("equation is is %.2fx*x %.2fx*x + + %.2fx %.2fx + + %.2f\n",a,b,c); %.2f\n",a,b,c); if if ((b*b)==(4*a*c)) ((b*b)==(4*a*c)) real1=-b/(2*a); real1=-b/(2*a); printf("root printf("root is is %.2f\n",real1); %.2f\n",real1); else else if if ((b*b)>(4*a*c)) ((b*b)>(4*a*c)) real1=(-b+sqrt( real1=(-b+sqrt( (b*b)-4*a*c (b*b)-4*a*c )) )) /(2*a); /(2*a); -Flexible. real2=(-b-sqrt( real2=(-b-sqrt( (b*b)-4*a*c (b*b)-4*a*c )) )) /(2*a); /(2*a); printf("roots printf("roots are are %.2f, %.2f, %.2f\n",real1,real2); %.2f\n",real1,real2); else else real1=-b/(2*a); real1=-b/(2*a); imag=sqrt(4*a*c-b*b)/(2*a); imag=sqrt(4*a*c-b*b)/(2*a); printf("roots printf("roots are are %.2f %.2f +/- +/- j%.2f\n",real1,imag); j%.2f\n",real1,imag); return(0); return(0); C Programming to Advantages: Advantages: -Minimal -Minimal language. language. -Standardized. -Standardized. -Flexible. Disadvantages: Disadvantages: -Weak -Weak checking checking for for errors. errors. -Focused -Focused on on procedures procedures rather rather than than data. data. -Lack -Lack of of support support for for graphics graphics (such (such as as Windows). Windows). W.Buchanan (38)

39 C Language C++ C++ Language Language #include #include <iostream.h> <iostream.h> class class circuit circuit private: private: float float rtemp; rtemp; public: public: float float parallel(float parallel(float r1, r1, float float r2) r2) return((r1*r2)/(r1+r2)); return((r1*r2)/(r1+r2)); float float series(float series(float r1, r1, float float r2) r2) return(r1+r2); return(r1+r2); ; ; int int main(void) main(void) circuit circuit c1; c1; float float res; res; res=c1.series(2000,1000); res=c1.series(2000,1000); cout cout << << "Series "Series resistance resistance is is " " << << res res << << "ohms\n"; "ohms\n"; res=c1.parallel(1000,1000); res=c1.parallel(1000,1000); cout cout << << "Parallel "Parallel resistance resistance is is " " << << res res << << "ohms\n"; "ohms\n"; return(0); return(0); C Programming to Object-orientation added Advantages: Advantages: -Standardized. -Standardized. -Flexible. -Flexible. -Object-oriented. -Object-oriented. -Improved -Improved error error checking. checking. -Improved -Improved Windows Windows support support Disadvantages: Disadvantages: -Still -Still a hybrid hybrid language language (C (C and/or and/or C++). C++). -Still -Still too too generic. generic. -Lack -Lack of of integration integration with with other other languages. languages. W.Buchanan (39)

40 C Language using using System; System; C++ Language namespace namespace ConsoleApplication2 ConsoleApplication2 public public class class Circuit Circuit public public double double Parallel(double Parallel(double r1, r1, double double r2) r2) return((r1*r2)/(r1+r2)); return((r1*r2)/(r1+r2)); public public double double Series(double Series(double r1, r1, double double r2) r2) Advantages: Advantages: return(r1+r2); return(r1+r2); -Robust. -Robust. class class Class1 Class1 -Cross-platform. -Cross-platform. static static void void Main(string[] Main(string[] args) args) double double v1=100,v2=100; v1=100,v2=100; double double res; res; Circuit Circuit cir cir = = new new Circuit(); Circuit(); res=cir.parallel(v1,v2); res=cir.parallel(v1,v2); Disadvantages: System.Console.WriteLine("Parallel System.Console.WriteLine("Parallel resistance resistance is Disadvantages: is 0 0 ohms",res); ohms",res); res=cir.series(100,100); res=cir.series(100,100); System.Console.WriteLine("Series System.Console.WriteLine("Series resistance resistance is is 0 environment. 0 environment. ohms",res); ohms",res); System.Console.ReadLine(); System.Console.ReadLine(); C Programming to C# C# Language Language Windows/ WWW/ Java ideas -Fully -Fully object-oriented. object-oriented. -Integrated -Integrated with with Windows. Windows. -Support -Support for for mobility. mobility. -Strong -Strong integration integration with with -Massive -Massive programming programming W.Buchanan (40)

41 The gap between C and VB is now closed as both provide an excellent environment for software development. VB.NET is aimed at Microsoft Office and WWW-based Applications, as it integrates well with VBA and ASP. VB has traditionally supported unstructured code, but this has now changed. C# is aimed at engineering applications, and allows for more flexibility, such as using pointers. There is also a great amount of code developed for many different applications, such as DSP, interfacing, and so on. Why C#? W.Buchanan (41)

42 Elements of a C# Program What goes where? Why? W.Buchanan (42)

43 using System; namespace ConsoleApplication2 public class Complex public double real; public double imag; public int val set get ; public double mag() return (Math.Sqrt(real*real+imag*imag)); public double angle() return (Math.Atan(imag/real)*180/Math.PI); class Class1 static void Main(string[] args) Complex r = new Complex(); string str; double mag,angle; System.Console.Write("Enter real value >> "); str=system.console.readline(); r.real = Convert.ToInt32(str); be be static. static. System.Console.Write("Enter imag value >> "); str=system.console.readline(); r.imag = Convert.ToInt32(str); mag=r.mag(); angle=r.angle(); System.Console.WriteLine("Mag is 0 and angle is 1",mag,angle); System.Console.ReadLine(); C# Program Outline using. using. Imports Imports types types defined defined in in other other namespaces. namespaces. namespace. namespace. Defines Defines a a unique unique name name for for the the objects. objects. In In this this case case the the objects objects would would have have the the name name of: of: ConsoleApplications2.Complex() ConsoleApplications2.Complex() ConsoleApplicaitons2.Class1() ConsoleApplicaitons2.Class1() Main(). Main(). This This is is the the entry entry point point into into the the program, program, and and defines defines the the start start and and end end of of the the program. program. It It must must be be declared declared inside inside a a class, class, and and must must W.Buchanan (43)

44 using System; namespace ConsoleApplication2 public class Complex public double real; public double imag; public int val set get ; public double mag() return (Math.Sqrt(real*real+imag*imag)); public double angle() return (Math.Atan(imag/real)*180/Math.PI); class Class1 static void Main(string[] args) Complex r = new ConsoleApplication2.Complex(); string str; double mag,angle; System.Console.Write("Enter real value >> "); str=system.console.readline(); r.real = Convert.ToInt32(str); System.Console.Write("Enter imag value >> "); str=system.console.readline(); r.imag = Convert.ToInt32(str); mag=r.mag(); angle=r.angle(); System.Console.WriteLine("Mag is 0 and angle is 1",mag,angle); System.Console.ReadLine(); C# Program Outline namespace. namespace. Defines Defines a a unique unique name name for for the the objects. objects. In In this this case case the the objects objects would would have have the the name name of: of: ConsoleApplications2.Complex() ConsoleApplications2.Complex() ConsoleApplicaitons2.Class1() ConsoleApplicaitons2.Class1() W.Buchanan (44)

45 using. using. Imports Imports types types defined defined in in System.Console.Write("Enter real value >> other "); other namespaces. namespaces. System.Console. W.Buchanan (45)

46 Math.Sqrt(real*real+imag*imag) using. using. Imports Imports types types defined defined in in other other namespaces. namespaces. System.Math. W.Buchanan (46)

47 System: Array, Boolean, Byte, Char, Convert, DateTime, Double, Enum, Int16, Int32, Int 64, Math, Random, String, Void System.Collections: ArrayList, BitArray, Hashtable, Queue, Stack. System.IO: BinaryReader, BinaryWriter, File, Stream, StreamWriter, StreamReader uses System; uses System.Collections; uses System.IO Typical namespaces W.Buchanan (47)

48 .NET Components What are components? Why? W.Buchanan (48)

49 Application uses components to gain access to services MS MS Word Word component MS MS Outlook component MS MS IE IE component New.NET Platform W.Buchanan (49)

50 Conclusions?.NET Languages W.Buchanan (50)