Team 8: Robert Blake Craig Goliber Alanna Ocampo
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1 Team 8: Robert Blake Craig Goliber Alanna Ocampo
2 Objective of the design CAD Presentation Microcontroller Implementation PCB Design Design Limitations Conclusion
3 Problem: Design a centrifuge which was capable of separating both red blood cells and platelets from a blood sample. Needs: I. Have Variable Speeds II. Temperature Controlled Samples III. A display of temperature and R.P.M. levels IV. Must work with actual cells V. Contain a process for separating specific cells from sample at specific RPM and temperature settings
4 From the beginning we wanted to implement the following Fluid Heating System Would serve to transfer thermal energy in order to regulate sample temperatures. Eight Slot Holder The device would be able to hold 8 test tube samples, and remain balanced. Conservative Size Should be compact in design so as not to take up much room in a laboratory environment. Three basic components to the design: -Fluid Holder -Test Tube Spin Assembly -Housing Unit with Cover
5 The fluid being designed for use is water. The object for the fluid holder design was to properly contain the fluid and ensure adequate room for the seated test tubes and heating elements. It is critical for no fluid to escape its proper area possibly resulting in a short out of the circuit boards or electric motor. The design implemented lips to prevent the fluid from splashing upwards, and rubber washers to prevent fluid flow between adjoining parts.
6 The Spin assembly evenly distributed the eight test tubes around a central axis which integrated with the electric motor. A 45 degree angle was used to maximize the centrifugal force exerted onto the test tube samples. A hollowed out mushroom shape design was used so only the tops of the test tubes are exposed and the underlying area is contained in the heating fluid.
7 The design contained three separate compartments: -The motor and circuit housing area -The fluid holder and spin assembly area -The cover unit which sits on top of the device - Four rubber feet pads were also attached to the bottom of the centrifuge so that the device remains stable when activated. - A front panel, tilted at a slight angle, was mounted in front of the device so that the control panel can be fixed to it.
8 The material which will be used for the fluid holder and spin assembly is aluminum because of its light weight when compared to other metals, and its strength. The sides of the device will be constructed from steel so that the outside of the centrifuge will be strong and can operate in any lab environment. The feet, and washers will be shaped from rubber so that they can repel fluid and form a tight grip on surfaces. The cover will be made from plastic so that the weight will be decreased and the operator will be able to see into the device in order to ensure proper operation.
9 The design calls for the following parts to be purchased and implemented separately: Electric motor- Model MS1509-xx/c from Dynetic Systems LCD Screen- Model 51167NCU from LCDPanels.com Hinge Joints which can be purchased from any hardware store Assorted bolts and screws: 1/8 inch screws 1/4 inch screws 1/2 inch bolts
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13 The PIC16F877A (manufactured my MicroChip) was used and the code written in C The microcontroller controls the speed and temperature of the centrifuge and displays those values on the LCD The following is some rough microcontroller code which could accomplish these tasks; the comments will be helpful in understanding the different components of the code
14 /*Centrifuge Code */ /**********************************************************************************/ /**********************************************************************************/ #include <stdlib.h> //standard include files #include <pic.h> #include <htc.h> //Sets up some basic components of PIC CONFIG(DUNPROT & PWRTDIS & XT & WDTDIS & BORDIS & LVPDIS); #ifndef _XTAL_FREQ // Unless already defined assume 4MHz system frequency // Used to calibrate delay_us() and delay_ms() #define _XTAL_FREQ #define CHOICE1 RE0 //these buttons will set the centrifuge to a certain RPM and temperature //when pressed #define CHOICE2 RE1 #define CHOICE3 RE2 #define CHOICE4 RE3 #endif void InitLCD(void); void DisplayC(unsigned char position, const char *str); void clear_display(void); int ChangeState, DispMode, resetlcd, advalue, Temperature,ConfigureTemp, RPM, heat, option, TempValue;
15 //;;;;;;; Initial subroutine ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; { void Initial(void) //these are registers, which are a high-speed storage locations in the CPU, used to store a related string of bits, as a word or phrase. ADCON1 = 0b ; // Setup A/D converter as all analog input TRISA = 0b ; // Set PORTA as output for PWM PORTA = 0; //Clears PORTA TRISB = 0b ; // Set PORTB as all input for Temperature PORTB = 0; //Clear PORTB TRISC = 0b ; // Set PORTC as all input for the motor speed that is currently in place TRISD = 0b ; // Set PORTD as output to LCD PORTD = 0; //Clear PortD PR2 = 95; // Set up Timer2 for a looptime of 10 ms T2CON = 0b ; // Finish set up of Timer2 DispMode = 0; ChangeState = 0; resetlcd = 1; InitLCD(); // normally call just before setting up INTCON INTCON = 0b ; // Enable interrupts }
16 //;;;;;;; Mainline program ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; void LCD( //This function uses the DisplayC function { //to write text to the LCD screen { if(resetlcd) clear_display(); //This function clears the LCD display //so it can accomodate new characters DisplayC(0x80, "Current Temperature:"); //This function writes "Current Temperature" starting at //the top left of the screen (0x80) DisplayC(0 x C0, Temperature) //This function displays the numerical value of the current temp delay ms(95); clear_display(); //delays.5 sec DisplayC(0x80, "Current RPM"); //This writes "Current RPM" starting at DisplayC(0 x C0, RPM) //the bottom left of the screen (0xC0) } } } return;
17 void ADConvert() // This function converts an analog input to digital count { unsigned char i; CHS0 = 1; CHS1 = 0; // Current selection is for port AN1 which is RP1 CHS2 = 0; ADON = 1; // Turn A/D on for (i=20;i;i--); ADGO = 1; // Start conversion while ( ADGO ); // wait for ADGO to go off signaling end of conversion TempValue = ADRESH*4 + ADRESL/64; Temperature = ((TempValue )*3) //converts value from A/D to temperatue ADON = 0; // Turn A/D off to conserve power } { return; void ButtonSelection() //This function takes in the user's button selection for speed and temp and stores it DisplayC (0x80, "Select the speed and temp by pressing one of the four buttons"); if(!choice1) { option=1;} // if first button is selected set option variable to 1 else if (!CHOICE2) {option=2;} // if the second button is selected set the option variable to 2 else if (!CHOICE3) {option=3;} // if the third button is selected set the option variable to 3 else if (!CHOICE4) {option=4;} //if the fourth button is selected set the option variable to 4 return;}
18 void setrpmandtemp(){ for(;;) { if(option=1) { RPM = 2000; // sets speed to 2000 RPM ConfigureTemp= 30; // sets temp to 30 deg. C } else if(option=2) { RPM = 4000; // sets speed to 4000 RPM ConfigureTemp= 30; // sets temperature to 30 deg. C } else if(option=3) { RPM = 2000; // sets speed to 2000 RPM ConfigureTemp = 20; // sets temperature to 20 deg. C } else if(option=4) { RPM = 4000; // sets speed to 4000 RPM ConfigureTemp= 20; // sets temperature to 20 deg. C } } return;}
19 int main(void) //This is the main body of the program { //All functions of the program start here and are called //either by the endless FOR loop or a subsidiary. Initial(); //This function initializes necessary registers ButtonSelection(); //call other routines setrpmandtemp(); for(;;) { if (Temperature<ConfigureTemp) { Heat = 1; } else { Heat = 0; } } } return;
20 The PCB circuit design acts along side the microcontroller in order to control the mechanical systems of the centrifuge. The circuit inputs are as follows: 8 dpst buttons which function as the input for each push button located on the control panel. One thermister which is used as an input for sensing the temperature of the heating fluid. The circuit outputs are as follows: One five pin holder which functions as the output signal for each display that is located on the control panel.
21 In order to control the electric motor and heating elements transistors were used to act as switches. Because the output signals from the microcontroller are small the transistors act as gates which allow the motor and heating elements to turn on and off. When designing the circuit in multisim an Intel 40 pin chip was used as a placeholder for the PIC16
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24 The centrifuge which was designed for this project is limited to small scale applications. When changing the heating fluid the centrifuge needs to be partially disassembled and then reassembled. Because the heating system was designed to use fluid there is always the risk of short circuiting the motor or electrical circuits.
25 The centrifuge designed relies upon the mechanical operation of the motor and heating elements with the circuit board and microcontroller. The final assembly is composed of pre-bought parts as well as fabricated pieces which all fit together. The design allows for the use of 8 test samples at once, and uses the microcontroller to control the speed and temperature of each sample. The PCB ties together the function of the mechanical and control systems with the processing power of the microcontroller.
/*Algorithm: This code display a centrifuge with five variable speed RPM by increaseing */
/*Algorithm: This code display a centrifuge with five variable speed RPM by increaseing */ /*the speed the cell which are less dense can float and the cell that are denser can sink*/ /*the user has five
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