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1 1

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3 3 3

4 C:\Temp\Templates 4

5 5

6 Use This Main Program 6

7 # include "Utilities.hpp" # include "Student.hpp" Copy/Paste Main void MySwap (int Value1, int Value2); int main(int argc, char * argv[]) { int A = 5, B = 10; cout << "A = " << A << " B = " << B << endl; //MySwap (A, B); cout << "A = " << A << " B = " << B << endl; } getchar(); return(0); 7

8 Write Code For MySwap Do Not Look Ahead In The Slides! void MySwap (int Value1, int Value2) { int Temp; } 8

9 How Many Of You Have Something Like The Following: void MySwap (int Value1, int Value2) { int Temp; } Temp = Value1; Value1 = Value2; Value2 = Temp; Only To Find That It Does Not Work? Pass By Value? - BAD! 9

10 Better - Pass By Reference void MySwap (int & Value1, int & Value2) { int Temp; } Temp = Value1; Value1 = Value2; Value2 = Temp; 10

11 11 11

12 Change The Main Program 12

13 Copy/Paste Main int main(int argc, char * argv[]) { int A = 5, B = 10; cout << "A = " << A << " B = " << B << endl; MySwap (A, B); cout << "A = " << A << " B = " << B << endl; float } AA = 5.5, BB = 7.7; cout << "AA = " << AA << " BB = " << BB << endl; MySwap (AA, BB); cout << "AA = " << AA << " BB = " << BB << endl; getchar(); return(0); 13

14 No Signature For (float, float) 14

15 Overload MySwap! 15

16 int bool float short int double long int Student Part Employee Auto CD Stamp Coin Infinite # Of Objects Element Lumber Squadron Unit Officer Desk Flower Shrub Tree China Equipment Soldier 16

17 17 17

18 Templates 18

19 Template Functions Begin With Something Like: template <class T> Or Maybe Something Like: template <class InfoType> Or Maybe Something Like: template <class I> 19

20 The class Variable Must Appear In The Parameter List template <class T> void MySwap (T & Value1, T & Value2); template <class T> void MySwap (T & Value1, T & Value2) { } 20

21 21 21

22 Copy/Paste Main int main(int argc, char * argv[]) { int A = 5, B = 10; cout << "A = " << A << " B = " << B << endl; MySwap (A, B); cout << "A = " << A << " B = " << B << endl; float } AA = 5.5, BB = 7.7; cout << "AA = " << AA << " BB = " << BB << endl; MySwap (AA, BB); cout << "AA = " << AA << " BB = " << BB << endl; getchar(); return(0); 22

23 Template MySwap Works For in & float 23

24 24 24

25 Copy/Paste - Add This To Main char } C = 'X', D = '?'; cout << "C = " << C << " D = " << D << endl; MySwap (C, D); cout << "C = " << C << " D = " << D << endl; getchar(); return(0); 25

26 26 26

27 bool } Copy/Paste - Add This To Main E = true, F = false; cout << "E = " << E << " F = " << F << endl; MySwap (E, F); cout << "E = " << E << " F = " << F << endl; getchar(); return(0); 27

28 28 28

29 Copy/Paste - Add This To Main Student Student1 ("Pete", 2222, MALE), Student2 ("Sandra", 3333, FEMALE); Student1.Display("Student1"); Student2.Display("Student2"); MySwap (Student1, Student2); Student1.Display("Student1"); Student2.Display("Student2"); } getchar(); return(0); 29

30 Will Work For All Classes (As Long As Operator = Has Been Overloaded Properly) 30

31 31 31

32 C++ Also Supports Generics, But Templates Enable Us To Easily Create Functions That Can Be Used With Thousands Of Data Types. template <class T> void BubbleSort(T Array[], long ActNo); template <class InfoType> long Search(InfoType Data[], long ActNo, InfoType SoughtInfo); The class Variable Must Appear In The Parameter List 32

33 33 33

34 Template Functions Begin With Something Like: Templates Are Not Really Functions. They are more of a design or pattern for what shall become a function if evoked. The Compiler Shall Generate the Necessary Variations of this Function During Run Time. Template Functions Must be placed in.hpp files! 34

35 Template - Multiple Parameters template <class InfoType, class HeaderNodeType> class Binary Tree {... }; An important goal of both software engineering and object-oriented programming is reuse! Function Templates facilitate code reuse! 35

36 36 36

37 Write The Class Definition For A Templated Class, Called ListType Whose Template Argument Is InfoType. template <class InfoType> class ListType { public: private: };

38 template <class InfoType> class ListType { public: private: }; Write The Declaration To Create An Integer Type List, Called IntNos, of ListType.

39 Add An Array To The Private Data of ListType. template <class InfoType> class ListType { public: private: InfoType Info[10]; long ActNo; // Container To Store Data // Actual No Items In Container ListType <int> IntNos; ListType <char> Chars; ListType <Student> Class;

40 Add An Array To The Private Data of ListType. template <class InfoType> class ListType { public: private: InfoType * Info; // Container To Store Data long ActNo; // Actual No Items In Container ListType <int> IntNos; ListType <char> Chars; ListType <Student> Class;

41 template <class InfoType> class ListType { public: private: Write The Constructor ListType (long int NewMax = 10) InfoType Info[10]; long Max, ActNo; }; // Container To Store Data // Capacity Of The Container // Actual No Items In Container

42 template <class InfoType> class ListType { public: private: Write The Code For The Constructor ListType (long int NewMax = 10) ListType (long int NewMax = 10); InfoType Info[10]; long Max, ActNo; }; // Container To Store Data // Capacity Of The Container // Actual No Items In Container

43 ListType (long int NewMax = 10) template <class InfoType> ListType <InfoType> :: ListType (long int NewMax) { puts("evoking Constructor ListType(NeMax)"); printf("newmax = %ld\n\n", NewMax); Update main };

44 template <class InfoType> ListType <InfoType> :: ListType (long int NewMax) { ActNo = 0; Info = new InfoType [NewMax + 1]; if (Info == NULL) { puts("not Enough Memory!"); Max = 0; } else Max = NewMax; }; ListType (long int NewMax = 10) Allocate Max + 1 Memory - Set Max & ActNo

45 One TIme!? template <class InfoType> ListType <InfoType> :: ListType (long int NewMax) { ActNo = 0; Info = new InfoType [NewMax + 1]; if (Info == NULL) { puts("not Enough Memory!"); Max = 0; } else Max = NewMax; }; "Memory Leak" You Have Created A Memory leak If You Have Executed The Program

46 template <class InfoType> class ListType { public: ListType (long int NewMax = 10); ~ListType(void); private: InfoType Info[10]; long Max, ActNo; }; Write The Destructor ~ListType (void)

C:\Temp\Templates. Download This PDF From The Web Site

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