Chapter 3. Gate-Level Minimization. Outlines
|
|
- Florence Scott
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 3 Gate-Level Minimization Introduction The Map Method Four-Variable Map Five-Variable Map Outlines Product of Sums Simplification Don t-care Conditions NAND and NOR Implementation Other Two-Level Implementations Exclusive-OR Function Hardware Description Language (HDL) 2
2 3. Introduction Why do we need logic minimization? Minimize the number of gates used (gate count) Minimize the total delay (critical path delay) in order to improve speed Satisfy design constrains such as max fanins and fanouts Remove undesired circuit behavior such as hazard and race 3 Introduction The Map Method Four-Variable Map Five-Variable Map Outlines Product of Sums Simplification Don t-care Conditions NAND and NOR Implementation Other Two-Level Implementations Exclusive-OR Function Hardware Description Language (HDL) 4
3 THE MAP METHOD The map method is also known as the Karnaugh map or K-map The map method provides a simple straightforward procedure for minimizing Boolean function. The simplified expressions produced by the map are always in one of the two standard forms: Sum of Products (SOP) Product of Sums (POS) 5 Two Variable Map 6
4 Two Variable Map 7 K-map three variable (/3) 8
5 K-map three variable (2/3) Example 3- F (x, y, z) = Σ(2,3,4,5) F = x y + xy m3 + m2 = x yz + x yz = x y (z + z) = x y m4 + m5 = xy z + xy z = xy (z + z) = xy 9 K-map three variable (3/3) Example 3-3 Example 3-2 F( x, y, z) = (,2,4,5,6) = z' + xy' F( x, y, z) = (3,4,6,7) = yz + xz'
6 Introduction The Map Method Four-Variable Map Five-Variable Map Outlines Product of Sums Simplification Don t-care Conditions NAND and NOR Implementation Other Two-Level Implementations Exclusive-OR Function Hardware Description Language (HDL) K-map four variable 2
7 K-map four variable Example 3-6 F( A, B, C, D) = (,,2,6,8,9,) = B' C' + A' CD' + B' D' 3 K-map five variable 4
8 K-map five variable F = A' B' E' + BD' E + ACE 5 Implicates (cubes) Terminologies A group of minterms that form cube Prime implicates (cubes) a term obtained by combining the maximum possible number of adjacent squares in the map Essential Implicates (cubes) Implicates contains minterms that are not included by other implicates Cover All the s are included by the selected implicates 6
9 Prime Implicates-Procedure Circle all prime implicates on the k-map Identify and select all essential prime implicates Select a minimum subset of the remaining prime Implicates to complete the cover 7 F( A, B, C, D) Prime Implicates = (,2,3,5,7,8,9,,,3,5) CD + AD CD + AB' F = BD + B' D' + B' C + AD B' C + AB' 8
10 Five Variable Map Variable A distinguishes between the two maps 9 Five Variable Map F( A, B, C, D, E) = (,2,4,6,9,3,2,23,25,29,3) F=A B E +BD E+ACE 2
11 Introduction The Map Method Four-Variable Map Five-Variable Map Outlines Product of Sums Simplification Don t-care Conditions NAND and NOR Implementation Other Two-Level Implementations Exclusive-OR Function Hardware Description Language (HDL) 2 Product of Sums Simplification (/2) The complement of a function is represented in the map by the squares not marked by s We obtain a simplified expression of the complement of the function Example 3-8 F( A, B, C, D) = (,,2,5,8,9,) =B D +B C +A C D (sum of products) =(A +B )(C +D )(B +D) (product of sums) 22
12 Product of Sums Simplification (2/2) 23 Introduction The Map Method Four-Variable Map Five-Variable Map Outlines Product of Sums Simplification Don t-care Conditions NAND and NOR Implementation Other Two-Level Implementations Exclusive-OR Function Hardware Description Language (HDL) 24
13 Don t Care Conditions An X inside a square in the map indicates that we don't care whether the value of or is assigned to F for the particular minterm Example 3-9 F( w, x, y, z) = d( w, x, y, z) = (,3,7,,5) (,2,5) 25 Introduction The Map Method Four-Variable Map Five-Variable Map Outlines Product of Sums Simplification Don t-care Conditions NAND and NOR Implementation Other Two-Level Implementations Exclusive-OR Function Hardware Description Language (HDL) 26
14 NAND and NOR Implementation Digital circuits are frequently constructed with NAND or NOR gates rather than with AND and OR gate NAND gate NOT operation (Inverter) AND operation (AND gate) OR operation (OR gate) NOR operation (NOR gate) NOR gate NOT operation (Inverter) AND operation (AND gate) OR operation (OR gate) NAND operation (NAND gate) 27 NAND Circuits Logic operations with NAND gate 28
15 NAND Circuits 29 Two level implementation It implements can be easily converted to a sum of products form by using DeMorgan s theorem F=((AB) (CD) ) =AB+CD 3
16 NAND Implementation (/2) Example 3- F (x, y, z) = Σ(,2,3,4,5,7) F = xy + x y + z 3 NAND Implementation (2/2) The procedure for obtaining the logic diagram from a Boolean function is as follows:. Simplify the function and express it in sum of products. 2. Draw a NAND gate for each product term of the expression that has at least two literals. The inputs to each NAND gate are the literals of the term. This constitutes a group of first-level gates. 3. Draw a single gate using the AND-inverter or the inverter- OR graphic symbol in the second level, with inputs coming from outputs of first level gates. 4. A term with a single literal requires an inverter in the first level. However, if the single literal is complemented, it can be connected directly to an input of the second level NAND gate. 32
17 Multilevel NAND Circuits The general procedure for converting a multilevel AND-OR diagram into an all-nand diagram using mixed notation is as follows: Convert all AND gates to NAND gates with ANDinvert graphic symbols Convert all OR gates to NAND gates with invert- OR graphic symbols Check all the bubbles in the diagram 33 Multilevel NAND Circuits EXAMPLE:F=A(CD + B) + BC 34
18 NOR Circuit Logic Operations with NOR Gates 35 NOR Circuit 36
19 NOR Implementation Example:F=(A+B)(C+D)E 37 Introduction The Map Method Four-Variable Map Five-Variable Map Outlines Product of Sums Simplification Don t-care Conditions NAND and NOR Implementation Other Two-Level Implementations Exclusive-OR Function Hardware Description Language (HDL) 38
20 Other Two-Level Implementations Some NAND or NOR gates (but not all) allow the possibility of a wire connection between the outputs of two gates to provide a specific logic function. This type of logic is called wired logic. 39 Nondegenerate forms The eight nondegenerate forms are as follows: AND-OR NAND-NAND NOR-OR OR-NAND OR-AND NOR-NOR NAND-AND AND-NOR 4
21 AND-OR-INVERT Implementation 4 OR-AND-INVERT Implementation 42
22 OR-AND-INVERT Implementation 43 Other Two-level Implementations Ex. Example 3- F = x y + xy + z F = (x y + xy + z) 44
23 Introduction The Map Method Four-Variable Map Five-Variable Map Outlines Product of Sums Simplification Don t-care Conditions NAND and NOR Implementation Other Two-Level Implementations Exclusive-OR Function Hardware Description Language (HDL) 45 Exclusive-OR Function The exclusive-or (XOR), denoted by the symbol Logic operation X Y = XY + X Y It is equal to if only x is equal to or if only y is equal to, but not when both are equal to Truth table & K-map: 46
24 Exclusive-OR Function Truth table & K-map: A B C F 47 Exclusive-OR Implementations 48
25 Exclusive-NOR Function The exclusive-nor (XNOR), denoted by the symbol Logic operation X y = xy + x y It is equal to if both x and y are equal to or if both are equal to 49 Exclusive-NOR Function Truth table & K-map: A B C F 5
26 Odd Function The multiple-variable exclusive-or operation is defined as an odd function A B C F 5 Parity Generation and Checking Exclusive-OR functions are very useful in system requiring error-detection and correction codes The circuit that generates the parity bit in the transmitter is called a parity generator The circuit that checks the parity in the receiver is called a parity checker 52
27 Parity Generation and Checking Example: 3-bit message to be transmitted together with an even parity bit P=x y z 53 Parity Generation and Checking Example: 3-bit message to be transmitted together with an even parity bit P=x y z 54
28 Introduction The Map Method Four-Variable Map Five-Variable Map Outlines Product of Sums Simplification Don t-care Conditions NAND and NOR Implementation Other Two-Level Implementations Exclusive-OR Function Hardware Description Language (HDL) 55 Hardware Description Language (HDL) A Hardware Description Language (HDL) is a high-level programming language with special constructs used to model the function of hardware logic circuits The special language constructs provide you the ability to : Describe The Connectivity Of The Circuit Describe The Functionality Of A Circuit Describe A Circuit At Various Levels Of Abstraction Describe The Timing Of A Circuit Express Concurrency 56
29 Hardware Description Language (HDL) HDLs share several features in common: Typically, an HDL contains some high-level programming language constructs, along with constructs to describe the connectivity of the hardware design An HDL allows you to describe the design at various levels of abstraction using structural or behavioral constructs An HDL allows you to describe the functionality of the hardware, along with its timing constraints Concurrency, which is the ability to perform multiple tasks at the same time. Typically, programming languages are not concurrent, but in hardware a number of operations happen at the same time. Thus, an HDL must be concurrent. 57 HDL Example HDL Example 3- //Description of simple circuit Fig module smpl_circuit (A, B, C, x, y); input A, B, C; output x, y; wire e; and g (e, A, B); not g2 (y, C); or g3 (x, e, y); endmodule 58
Gate Level Minimization Map Method
Gate Level Minimization Map Method Complexity of hardware implementation is directly related to the complexity of the algebraic expression Truth table representation of a function is unique Algebraically
More informationGate-Level Minimization
MEC520 디지털공학 Gate-Level Minimization Jee-Hwan Ryu School of Mechanical Engineering Gate-Level Minimization-The Map Method Truth table is unique Many different algebraic expression Boolean expressions may
More informationGate-Level Minimization
Gate-Level Minimization ( 范倫達 ), Ph. D. Department of Computer Science National Chiao Tung University Taiwan, R.O.C. Fall, 2011 ldvan@cs.nctu.edu.tw http://www.cs.nctu.edu.tw/~ldvan/ Outlines The Map Method
More informationGate-Level Minimization
Gate-Level Minimization ( 范倫達 ), Ph. D. Department of Computer Science National Chiao Tung University Taiwan, R.O.C. Fall, 2017 ldvan@cs.nctu.edu.tw http://www.cs.nctu.edu.tw/~ldvan/ Outlines The Map Method
More information數位系統 Digital Systems 朝陽科技大學資工系. Speaker: Fuw-Yi Yang 楊伏夷. 伏夷非征番, 道德經察政章 (Chapter 58) 伏者潛藏也道紀章 (Chapter 14) 道無形象, 視之不可見者曰夷
數位系統 Digital Systems Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology 朝陽科技大學資工系 Speaker: Fuw-Yi Yang 楊伏夷 伏夷非征番, 道德經察政章 (Chapter 58) 伏者潛藏也道紀章 (Chapter 14) 道無形象,
More informationELCT201: DIGITAL LOGIC DESIGN
ELCT201: DIGITAL LOGIC DESIGN Dr. Eng. Haitham Omran, haitham.omran@guc.edu.eg Dr. Eng. Wassim Alexan, wassim.joseph@guc.edu.eg Lecture 3 Following the slides of Dr. Ahmed H. Madian محرم 1439 ه Winter
More informationChapter 2. Boolean Expressions:
Chapter 2 Boolean Expressions: A Boolean expression or a function is an expression which consists of binary variables joined by the Boolean connectives AND and OR along with NOT operation. Any Boolean
More informationGate-Level Minimization. BME208 Logic Circuits Yalçın İŞLER
Gate-Level Minimization BME28 Logic Circuits Yalçın İŞLER islerya@yahoo.com http://me.islerya.com Complexity of Digital Circuits Directly related to the complexity of the algebraic expression we use to
More informationGet Free notes at Module-I One s Complement: Complement all the bits.i.e. makes all 1s as 0s and all 0s as 1s Two s Complement: One s complement+1 SIGNED BINARY NUMBERS Positive integers (including zero)
More informationQUESTION BANK FOR TEST
CSCI 2121 Computer Organization and Assembly Language PRACTICE QUESTION BANK FOR TEST 1 Note: This represents a sample set. Please study all the topics from the lecture notes. Question 1. Multiple Choice
More informationELCT201: DIGITAL LOGIC DESIGN
ELCT201: DIGITAL LOGIC DESIGN Dr. Eng. Haitham Omran, haitham.omran@guc.edu.eg Dr. Eng. Wassim Alexan, wassim.joseph@guc.edu.eg Lecture 3 Following the slides of Dr. Ahmed H. Madian ذو الحجة 1438 ه Winter
More informationGate Level Minimization
Gate Level Minimization By Dr. M. Hebaishy Digital Logic Design Ch- Simplifying Boolean Equations Example : Y = AB + AB Example 2: = B (A + A) T8 = B () T5 = B T Y = A(AB + ABC) = A (AB ( + C ) ) T8 =
More informationA B AB CD Objectives:
Objectives:. Four variables maps. 2. Simplification using prime implicants. 3. "on t care" conditions. 4. Summary.. Four variables Karnaugh maps Minterms A A m m m3 m2 A B C m4 C A B C m2 m8 C C m5 C m3
More informationCS8803: Advanced Digital Design for Embedded Hardware
CS883: Advanced Digital Design for Embedded Hardware Lecture 2: Boolean Algebra, Gate Network, and Combinational Blocks Instructor: Sung Kyu Lim (limsk@ece.gatech.edu) Website: http://users.ece.gatech.edu/limsk/course/cs883
More informationGate-Level Minimization
Gate-Level Minimization Mano & Ciletti Chapter 3 By Suleyman TOSUN Ankara University Outline Intro to Gate-Level Minimization The Map Method 2-3-4-5 variable map methods Product-of-Sums Method Don t care
More informationExperiment 3: Logic Simplification
Module: Logic Design Name:... University no:.. Group no:. Lab Partner Name: Mr. Mohamed El-Saied Experiment : Logic Simplification Objective: How to implement and verify the operation of the logical functions
More informationSimplification of Boolean Functions
Simplification of Boolean Functions Contents: Why simplification? The Map Method Two, Three, Four and Five variable Maps. Simplification of two, three, four and five variable Boolean function by Map method.
More informationChapter 2 Combinational Logic Circuits
Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals Chapter 2 Combinational Logic Circuits Part 2 Circuit Optimization Overview Part Gate Circuits and Boolean Equations Binary Logic and Gates Boolean Algebra Standard
More informationDigital Logic Design. Outline
Digital Logic Design Gate-Level Minimization CSE32 Fall 2 Outline The Map Method 2,3,4 variable maps 5 and 6 variable maps (very briefly) Product of sums simplification Don t Care conditions NAND and NOR
More informationCode No: R Set No. 1
Code No: R059210504 Set No. 1 II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007 DIGITAL LOGIC DESIGN ( Common to Computer Science & Engineering, Information Technology and Computer Science
More informationGate-Level Minimization. section instructor: Ufuk Çelikcan
Gate-Level Minimization section instructor: Ufuk Çelikcan Compleity of Digital Circuits Directly related to the compleity of the algebraic epression we use to build the circuit. Truth table may lead to
More informationDIGITAL CIRCUIT LOGIC UNIT 7: MULTI-LEVEL GATE CIRCUITS NAND AND NOR GATES
DIGITAL CIRCUIT LOGIC UNIT 7: MULTI-LEVEL GATE CIRCUITS NAND AND NOR GATES 1 iclicker Question 13 Considering the K-Map, f can be simplified as (2 minutes): A) f = b c + a b c B) f = ab d + a b d AB CD
More informationAssignment (3-6) Boolean Algebra and Logic Simplification - General Questions
Assignment (3-6) Boolean Algebra and Logic Simplification - General Questions 1. Convert the following SOP expression to an equivalent POS expression. 2. Determine the values of A, B, C, and D that make
More informationCombinational Logic Circuits
Chapter 3 Combinational Logic Circuits 12 Hours 24 Marks 3.1 Standard representation for logical functions Boolean expressions / logic expressions / logical functions are expressed in terms of logical
More informationLSN 4 Boolean Algebra & Logic Simplification. ECT 224 Digital Computer Fundamentals. Department of Engineering Technology
LSN 4 Boolean Algebra & Logic Simplification Department of Engineering Technology LSN 4 Key Terms Variable: a symbol used to represent a logic quantity Compliment: the inverse of a variable Literal: a
More informationUNIT II. Circuit minimization
UNIT II Circuit minimization The complexity of the digital logic gates that implement a Boolean function is directly related to the complexity of the algebraic expression from which the function is implemented.
More informationExperiment 4 Boolean Functions Implementation
Experiment 4 Boolean Functions Implementation Introduction: Generally you will find that the basic logic functions AND, OR, NAND, NOR, and NOT are not sufficient to implement complex digital logic functions.
More informationSpecifying logic functions
CSE4: Components and Design Techniques for Digital Systems Specifying logic functions Instructor: Mohsen Imani Slides from: Prof.Tajana Simunic and Dr.Pietro Mercati We have seen various concepts: Last
More informationCSCI 220: Computer Architecture I Instructor: Pranava K. Jha. Simplification of Boolean Functions using a Karnaugh Map
CSCI 22: Computer Architecture I Instructor: Pranava K. Jha Simplification of Boolean Functions using a Karnaugh Map Q.. Plot the following Boolean function on a Karnaugh map: f(a, b, c, d) = m(, 2, 4,
More informationChapter 2 Combinational
Computer Engineering 1 (ECE290) Chapter 2 Combinational Logic Circuits Part 2 Circuit Optimization HOANG Trang 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Overview Part 1 Gate Circuits and Boolean Equations Binary Logic
More information2.1 Binary Logic and Gates
1 EED2003 Digital Design Presentation 2: Boolean Algebra Asst. Prof.Dr. Ahmet ÖZKURT Asst. Prof.Dr Hakkı T. YALAZAN Based on the Lecture Notes by Jaeyoung Choi choi@comp.ssu.ac.kr Fall 2000 2.1 Binary
More informationSimplification of Boolean Functions
COM111 Introduction to Computer Engineering (Fall 2006-2007) NOTES 5 -- page 1 of 5 Introduction Simplification of Boolean Functions You already know one method for simplifying Boolean expressions: Boolean
More informationIT 201 Digital System Design Module II Notes
IT 201 Digital System Design Module II Notes BOOLEAN OPERATIONS AND EXPRESSIONS Variable, complement, and literal are terms used in Boolean algebra. A variable is a symbol used to represent a logical quantity.
More informationCombinational Logic Circuits
Chapter 2 Combinational Logic Circuits J.J. Shann (Slightly trimmed by C.P. Chung) Chapter Overview 2-1 Binary Logic and Gates 2-2 Boolean Algebra 2-3 Standard Forms 2-4 Two-Level Circuit Optimization
More informationCode No: R Set No. 1
Code No: R059210504 Set No. 1 II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2006 DIGITAL LOGIC DESIGN ( Common to Computer Science & Engineering, Information Technology and Computer Science & Systems
More informationCode No: R Set No. 1
Code No: R059210504 Set No. 1 II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007 DIGITAL LOGIC DESIGN ( Common to Computer Science & Engineering, Information Technology and Computer Science & Systems
More informationCMPE223/CMSE222 Digital Logic
CMPE223/CMSE222 Digital Logic Optimized Implementation of Logic Functions: Strategy for Minimization, Minimum Product-of-Sums Forms, Incompletely Specified Functions Terminology For a given term, each
More informationChapter 2: Combinational Systems
Uchechukwu Ofoegbu Chapter 2: Combinational Systems Temple University Adapted from Alan Marcovitz s Introduction to Logic and Computer Design Riddle Four switches can be turned on or off. One is the switch
More informationChapter 2 Boolean algebra and Logic Gates
Chapter 2 Boolean algebra and Logic Gates 2. Introduction In working with logic relations in digital form, we need a set of rules for symbolic manipulation which will enable us to simplify complex expressions
More informationLiteral Cost F = BD + A B C + A C D F = BD + A B C + A BD + AB C F = (A + B)(A + D)(B + C + D )( B + C + D) L = 10
Circuit Optimization Goal: To obtain the simplest implementation for a given function Optimization is a more formal approach to simplification that is performed using a specific procedure or algorithm
More informationIncompletely Specified Functions with Don t Cares 2-Level Transformation Review Boolean Cube Karnaugh-Map Representation and Methods Examples
Lecture B: Logic Minimization Incompletely Specified Functions with Don t Cares 2-Level Transformation Review Boolean Cube Karnaugh-Map Representation and Methods Examples Incompletely specified functions
More informationCode No: 07A3EC03 Set No. 1
Code No: 07A3EC03 Set No. 1 II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2008 SWITCHING THEORY AND LOGIC DESIGN ( Common to Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering,
More informationUniversity of Technology
University of Technology Lecturer: Dr. Sinan Majid Course Title: microprocessors 4 th year Lecture 5 & 6 Minimization with Karnaugh Maps Karnaugh maps lternate way of representing oolean function ll rows
More information2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
28 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 28 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. All or Nothing Gate Boolean Expression: A B = Y Truth Table (ee next slide) or AB = Y 28
More informationDigital Logic Lecture 7 Gate Level Minimization
Digital Logic Lecture 7 Gate Level Minimization By Ghada Al-Mashaqbeh The Hashemite University Computer Engineering Department Outline Introduction. K-map principles. Simplification using K-maps. Don t-care
More informationECE380 Digital Logic
ECE38 Digital Logic Optimized Implementation of Logic Functions: Strategy for Minimization, Minimum Product-of-Sums Forms, Incompletely Specified Functions Dr. D. J. Jackson Lecture 8- Terminology For
More informationCprE 281: Digital Logic
CprE 28: Digital Logic Instructor: Alexander Stoytchev http://www.ece.iastate.edu/~alexs/classes/ Minimization CprE 28: Digital Logic Iowa State University, Ames, IA Copyright Alexander Stoytchev Administrative
More informationENGINEERS ACADEMY. 7. Given Boolean theorem. (a) A B A C B C A B A C. (b) AB AC BC AB BC. (c) AB AC BC A B A C B C.
Digital Electronics Boolean Function QUESTION BANK. The Boolean equation Y = C + C + C can be simplified to (a) (c) A (B + C) (b) AC (d) C. The Boolean equation Y = (A + B) (A + B) can be simplified to
More informationCombinational Logic Circuits Part III -Theoretical Foundations
Combinational Logic Circuits Part III -Theoretical Foundations Overview Simplifying Boolean Functions Algebraic Manipulation Karnaugh Map Manipulation (simplifying functions of 2, 3, 4 variables) Systematic
More informationDKT 122/3 DIGITAL SYSTEM 1
Company LOGO DKT 122/3 DIGITAL SYSTEM 1 BOOLEAN ALGEBRA (PART 2) Boolean Algebra Contents Boolean Operations & Expression Laws & Rules of Boolean algebra DeMorgan s Theorems Boolean analysis of logic circuits
More informationSlide Set 5. for ENEL 353 Fall Steve Norman, PhD, PEng. Electrical & Computer Engineering Schulich School of Engineering University of Calgary
Slide Set 5 for ENEL 353 Fall 207 Steve Norman, PhD, PEng Electrical & Computer Engineering Schulich School of Engineering University of Calgary Fall Term, 207 SN s ENEL 353 Fall 207 Slide Set 5 slide
More informationDigital Design. Chapter 4. Principles Of. Simplification of Boolean Functions
Principles Of Digital Design Chapter 4 Simplification of Boolean Functions Karnaugh Maps Don t Care Conditions Technology Mapping Optimization, Conversions, Decomposing, Retiming Boolean Cubes for n =,
More information2.6 BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS
2.6 BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS Binary variables have two values, either 0 or 1. A Boolean function is an expression formed with binary variables, the two binary operators AND and OR, one unary operator NOT, parentheses
More informationChapter 2 Combinational Logic Circuits
Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals Chapter 2 Combinational Logic Circuits Part 2 Circuit Optimization Charles Kime & Thomas Kaminski 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. (Hyperlinks are active in View Show
More informationCh. 5 : Boolean Algebra &
Ch. 5 : Boolean Algebra & Reduction elektronik@fisika.ui.ac.id Objectives Should able to: Write Boolean equations for combinational logic applications. Utilize Boolean algebra laws and rules for simplifying
More informationCombinational Logic & Circuits
Week-I Combinational Logic & Circuits Spring' 232 - Logic Design Page Overview Binary logic operations and gates Switching algebra Algebraic Minimization Standard forms Karnaugh Map Minimization Other
More informationB.Tech II Year I Semester (R13) Regular Examinations December 2014 DIGITAL LOGIC DESIGN
B.Tech II Year I Semester () Regular Examinations December 2014 (Common to IT and CSE) (a) If 1010 2 + 10 2 = X 10, then X is ----- Write the first 9 decimal digits in base 3. (c) What is meant by don
More information1. Mark the correct statement(s)
1. Mark the correct statement(s) 1.1 A theorem in Boolean algebra: a) Can easily be proved by e.g. logic induction b) Is a logical statement that is assumed to be true, c) Can be contradicted by another
More informationDr. S. Shirani COE2DI4 Midterm Test #1 Oct. 14, 2010
Dr. S. Shirani COE2DI4 Midterm Test #1 Oct. 14, 2010 Instructions: This examination paper includes 9 pages and 20 multiple-choice questions starting on page 3. You are responsible for ensuring that your
More informationSWITCHING THEORY AND LOGIC CIRCUITS
SWITCHING THEORY AND LOGIC CIRCUITS COURSE OBJECTIVES. To understand the concepts and techniques associated with the number systems and codes 2. To understand the simplification methods (Boolean algebra
More informationwww.vidyarthiplus.com Question Paper Code : 31298 B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2013. Third Semester Computer Science and Engineering CS 2202/CS 34/EC 1206 A/10144 CS 303/080230012--DIGITAL
More informationCombinational Circuits Digital Logic (Materials taken primarily from:
Combinational Circuits Digital Logic (Materials taken primarily from: http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/mastascu/elessonshtml/eeindex.html http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~cos126 ) Digital Systems What is a
More informationUNIT-4 BOOLEAN LOGIC. NOT Operator Operates on single variable. It gives the complement value of variable.
UNIT-4 BOOLEAN LOGIC Boolean algebra is an algebra that deals with Boolean values((true and FALSE). Everyday we have to make logic decisions: Should I carry the book or not?, Should I watch TV or not?
More informationUnit-IV Boolean Algebra
Unit-IV Boolean Algebra Boolean Algebra Chapter: 08 Truth table: Truth table is a table, which represents all the possible values of logical variables/statements along with all the possible results of
More informationBoolean Algebra and Logic Gates
Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates Binary logic is used in all of today's digital computers and devices Cost of the circuits is an important factor Finding simpler and cheaper but equivalent circuits can
More informationPoints Addressed in this Lecture. Standard form of Boolean Expressions. Lecture 4: Logic Simplication & Karnaugh Map
Points Addressed in this Lecture Lecture 4: Logic Simplication & Karnaugh Map Professor Peter Cheung Department of EEE, Imperial College London Standard form of Boolean Expressions Sum-of-Products (SOP),
More informationKarnaugh Map (K-Map) Karnaugh Map. Karnaugh Map Examples. Ch. 2.4 Ch. 2.5 Simplification using K-map
Karnaugh Map (K-Map) Ch. 2.4 Ch. 2.5 Simplification using K-map A graphical map method to simplify Boolean function up to 6 variables A diagram made up of squares Each square represents one minterm (or
More informationSummary. Boolean Addition
Summary Boolean Addition In Boolean algebra, a variable is a symbol used to represent an action, a condition, or data. A single variable can only have a value of or 0. The complement represents the inverse
More informationStandard Forms of Expression. Minterms and Maxterms
Standard Forms of Expression Minterms and Maxterms Standard forms of expressions We can write expressions in many ways, but some ways are more useful than others A sum of products (SOP) expression contains:
More informationChapter 3 Simplification of Boolean functions
3.1 Introduction Chapter 3 Simplification of Boolean functions In this chapter, we are going to discuss several methods for simplifying the Boolean function. What is the need for simplifying the Boolean
More informationCHAPTER-2 STRUCTURE OF BOOLEAN FUNCTION USING GATES, K-Map and Quine-McCluskey
CHAPTER-2 STRUCTURE OF BOOLEAN FUNCTION USING GATES, K-Map and Quine-McCluskey 2. Introduction Logic gates are connected together to produce a specified output for certain specified combinations of input
More informationCENG 241 Digital Design 1
CENG 241 Digital Design 1 Lecture 5 Amirali Baniasadi amirali@ece.uvic.ca This Lecture Lab Review of last lecture: Gate-Level Minimization Continue Chapter 3:XOR functions, Hardware Description Language
More informationLecture 4: Implementation AND, OR, NOT Gates and Complement
EE210: Switching Systems Lecture 4: Implementation AND, OR, NOT Gates and Complement Prof. YingLi Tian Feb. 13, 2018 Department of Electrical Engineering The City College of New York The City University
More informationChapter 3. Boolean Algebra and Digital Logic
Chapter 3 Boolean Algebra and Digital Logic Chapter 3 Objectives Understand the relationship between Boolean logic and digital computer circuits. Learn how to design simple logic circuits. Understand how
More informationLast Name Student Number. Last Name Student Number
University of Toronto Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Midterm Examination ECE 241F - Digital Systems Wednesday October 13, 2004, 6:00pm [5]
More informationDepartment of Electrical Engineering McGill University ECSE 221 Introduction to Computer Engineering Assignment 2 Combinational Logic
Department of Electrical Engineering McGill University ECSE 221 Introduction to Computer Engineering Assignment 2 Combinational Logic Question 1: Due October 19 th, 2009 A convenient shorthand for specifying
More informationVALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE. SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING EC6302 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603 203 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING EC6302 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS YEAR / SEMESTER: II / III ACADEMIC YEAR: 2015-2016 (ODD
More informationChapter 4. Combinational Logic. Dr. Abu-Arqoub
Chapter 4 Combinational Logic Introduction N Input Variables Combinational Logic Circuit M Output Variables 2 Design Procedure The problem is stated 2 The number of available input variables & required
More informationENGIN 112 Intro to Electrical and Computer Engineering
ENGIN 2 Intro to Electrical and Computer Engineering Lecture 8 Minimization with Karnaugh Maps Overview K-maps: an alternate approach to representing oolean functions K-map representation can be used to
More informationA graphical method of simplifying logic
4-5 Karnaugh Map Method A graphical method of simplifying logic equations or truth tables. Also called a K map. Theoretically can be used for any number of input variables, but practically limited to 5
More informationSpring 2010 CPE231 Digital Logic Section 1 Quiz 1-A. Convert the following numbers from the given base to the other three bases listed in the table:
Section 1 Quiz 1-A Convert the following numbers from the given base to the other three bases listed in the table: Decimal Binary Hexadecimal 1377.140625 10101100001.001001 561.24 454.3125 111000110.0101
More informationGraduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, NTU. CH5 Karnaugh Maps. Lecturer: 吳安宇教授 Date:2006/10/20 ACCESS IC LAB
CH5 Karnaugh Maps Lecturer: 吳安宇教授 Date:2006/0/20 CCESS IC L Problems in lgebraic Simplification The procedures are difficult to apply in a systematic way. It is difficult to tell when you have arrived
More informationSwitching Circuits & Logic Design
Switching Circuits & Logic Design Jie-Hong Roland Jiang 江介宏 Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Fall 23 5 Karnaugh Maps K-map Walks and Gray Codes http://asicdigitaldesign.wordpress.com/28/9/26/k-maps-walks-and-gray-codes/
More informationEE 8351 Digital Logic Circuits Ms.J.Jayaudhaya, ASP/EEE
EE 8351 Digital Logic Circuits Ms.J.Jayaudhaya, ASP/EEE 1 Logic circuits for digital systems may be combinational or sequential. A combinational circuit consists of input variables, logic gates, and output
More informationR.M.D. ENGINEERING COLLEGE R.S.M. Nagar, Kavaraipettai
L T P C R.M.D. ENGINEERING COLLEGE R.S.M. Nagar, Kavaraipettai- 601206 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING EC8392 UNIT - I 3 0 0 3 OBJECTIVES: To present the Digital fundamentals, Boolean
More informationVariable, Complement, and Literal are terms used in Boolean Algebra.
We have met gate logic and combination of gates. Another way of representing gate logic is through Boolean algebra, a way of algebraically representing logic gates. You should have already covered the
More informationModule -7. Karnaugh Maps
1 Module -7 Karnaugh Maps 1. Introduction 2. Canonical and Standard forms 2.1 Minterms 2.2 Maxterms 2.3 Canonical Sum of Product or Sum-of-Minterms (SOM) 2.4 Canonical product of sum or Product-of-Maxterms(POM)
More informationX Y Z F=X+Y+Z
This circuit is used to obtain the compliment of a value. If X = 0, then X = 1. The truth table for NOT gate is : X X 0 1 1 0 2. OR gate : The OR gate has two or more input signals but only one output
More informationReview: Standard forms of expressions
Karnaugh maps Last time we saw applications of Boolean logic to circuit design. The basic Boolean operations are AND, OR and NOT. These operations can be combined to form complex expressions, which can
More informationMenu. Algebraic Simplification - Boolean Algebra EEL3701 EEL3701. MSOP, MPOS, Simplification
Menu Minterms & Maxterms SOP & POS MSOP & MPOS Simplification using the theorems/laws/axioms Look into my... 1 Definitions (Review) Algebraic Simplification - Boolean Algebra Minterms (written as m i ):
More informationMidterm Exam Review. CS 2420 :: Fall 2016 Molly O'Neil
Midterm Exam Review CS 2420 :: Fall 2016 Molly O'Neil Midterm Exam Thursday, October 20 In class, pencil & paper exam Closed book, closed notes, no cell phones or calculators, clean desk 20% of your final
More informationBOOLEAN ALGEBRA. 1. State & Verify Laws by using :
BOOLEAN ALGEBRA. State & Verify Laws by using :. State and algebraically verify Absorption Laws. (2) Absorption law states that (i) X + XY = X and (ii) X(X + Y) = X (i) X + XY = X LHS = X + XY = X( + Y)
More informationPresented By :- Alok Kumar Lecturer in ECE C.R.Polytechnic, Rohtak
Presented By :- Alok Kumar Lecturer in ECE C.R.Polytechnic, Rohtak Content - Introduction -2 Feature -3 Feature of BJT -4 TTL -5 MOS -6 CMOS -7 K- Map - Introduction Logic IC ASIC: Application Specific
More informationChapter 6. Logic Design Optimization Chapter 6
Chapter 6 Logic Design Optimization Chapter 6 Optimization The second part of our design process. Optimization criteria: Performance Size Power Two-level Optimization Manipulating a function until it is
More informationFinal Examination (Open Katz, asynchronous & test notes only, Calculators OK, 3 hours)
Your Name: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT BERKELEY BERKELEY DAVIS IRVINE LOS ANGELES RIVERSIDE SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences SANTA BARBARA SANTA CRUZ CS
More informationDHANALAKSHMI SRINIVASAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
DHANALAKSHMI SRINIVASAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Dept/Sem: II CSE/03 DEPARTMENT OF ECE CS8351 DIGITAL PRINCIPLES AND SYSTEM DESIGN UNIT I BOOLEAN ALGEBRA AND LOGIC GATES PART A 1. How many
More informationPhiladelphia University Faculty of Information Technology Department of Computer Science. Computer Logic Design. By Dareen Hamoudeh.
Philadelphia University Faculty of Information Technology Department of Computer Science Computer Logic Design By Dareen Hamoudeh Dareen Hamoudeh 1 Canonical Forms (Standard Forms of Expression) Minterms
More informationDigital Logic Design (CEN-120) (3+1)
Digital Logic Design (CEN-120) (3+1) ASSISTANT PROFESSOR Engr. Syed Rizwan Ali, MS(CAAD)UK, PDG(CS)UK, PGD(PM)IR, BS(CE)PK HEC Certified Master Trainer (MT-FPDP) PEC Certified Professional Engineer (COM/2531)
More informationBOOLEAN ALGEBRA. Logic circuit: 1. From logic circuit to Boolean expression. Derive the Boolean expression for the following circuits.
COURSE / CODE DIGITAL SYSTEMS FUNDAMENTAL (ECE 421) DIGITAL ELECTRONICS FUNDAMENTAL (ECE 422) BOOLEAN ALGEBRA Boolean Logic Boolean logic is a complete system for logical operations. It is used in countless
More informationSEE1223: Digital Electronics
SEE223: Digital Electronics 3 Combinational Logic Design Zulkifil Md Yusof Dept. of Microelectronics and Computer Engineering The aculty of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Karnaugh
More information