Contents Chapter 1 Introduction to Programming and the Java Language

Transcription

1 Chapter 1 Introduction to Programming and the Java Language 1.1 Basic Computer Concepts Hardware Operating Systems Application Software Computer Networks and the Internet Practice Activity: Displaying System Configuration Displaying Windows Configuration Information Displaying Unix/Linux Configuration Information Data Representation Binary Numbers Using Hexadecimal Numbers to Represent Binary Numbers Representing Characters with the Unicode Character Set Programming Languages High- and Low-Level Languages An Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming The Java Language 22

2 xx Contents 1.5 An Introduction to Programming Programming Basics Program Design with Pseudocode Developing a Java Application Programming Activity 1: Writing a First Java Application 29 Debugging Techniques 31 Testing Techniques Chapter Summary Exercises, Problems, and Projects 37 Chapter 2 Programming Building Blocks Java Basics 2.1 Java Application Structure Data Types, Variables, and Constants Declaring Variables Integer Data Types Floating-Point Data Types Character Data Type Boolean Data Type Initial Values and Literals String Literals and Escape Sequences Constants Programming Activity 1: Exploring Data Types Expressions and Arithmetic Operators The Assignment Operator and Expressions Arithmetic Operators Operator Precedence Integer Division and Modulus Division by Zero Mixed-Type Arithmetic and Type Casting Shortcut Operators Programming Activity 2: Exercising the Arithmetic Operators Chapter Summary Exercises, Problems, and Projects 83

3 xxi Chapter 3 Object-Oriented Programming, Part 1: Using Classes 3.1 Class Basics and Benefits Creating Objects Using Constructors Calling Methods Using Object References Programming Activity 1: Calling Methods Calling Static Methods and Using Static Class Variables Using Predefined Classes Java Packages The String Class 112 The length Method 116 The touppercase and tolowercase Methods 117 The indexof Methods 117 The charat and substring Methods Using System.out Formatting Output 122 The NumberFormat Class 122 The DecimalFormat Class The Math Class and Random Numbers 128 The pow Method 131 The round Method 132 The min and max Methods 133 The random Method The Integer, Double, and Other Wrapper Classes Input and Output Using JOptionPane Dialog Boxes Input from the Console Using the Scanner Class Programming Activity 2: Using Predefined Classes Chapter Summary Exercises, Problems, and Projects 159

4 xxii Contents Chapter 4 Introduction to Applets and Graphics 4.1 Applet Structure Executing an Applet Drawing Shapes with Graphics Methods Using Color Programming Activity 1: Writing an Applet with Graphics Chapter Summary Exercises, Problems, and Projects 198 Chapter 5 Flow of Control, Part 1: Selection 5.1 Forming Conditions Equality Operators Relational Operators Logical Operators 209 DeMorgan s Laws Simple Selection with if Selection Using if/else Selection Using if/else if Sequential and Nested if/else Statements Sequential if/else Statements 225 Finding the Minimum or Maximum Values Nested if/else Statements 228 Dangling Else Testing Techniques for if/else Statements Programming Activity 1: Working with if/else Comparing Floating-Point Numbers Comparing Objects The equals Method String Comparison Methods The Conditional Operator (?:) The switch Statement Programming Activity 2: Using the switch Statement Chapter Summary Exercises, Problems, and Projects 261

5 xxiii Chapter 6 Flow of Control, Part 2: Looping 6.1 Event-Controlled Loops Using while General Form for while Loops Event-Controlled Looping Reading Data from the User Reading Data from a Text File Looping Techniques Accumulation Counting Items Calculating an Average Finding Maximum or Minimum Values Animation Type-Safe Input Using Scanner Constructing Loop Conditions Testing Techniques for while Loops Event-Controlled Loops Using do/while Programming Activity 1: Using while Loops 323 Task Instructions 324 Troubleshooting Count-Controlled Loops Using for Basic Structure of for Loops Constructing for Loops Testing Techniques for for Loops Nested Loops Programming Activity 2: Using for Loops 346 Instructions 346 Troubleshooting Chapter Summary Exercises, Problems, and Projects 351 Chapter 7 Object-Oriented Programming, Part 2: User-Defined Classes 7.1 Defining a Class Defining Instance Variables Writing Class Methods Writing Constructors Writing Accessor Methods 378

6 xxiv Contents 7.6 Writing Mutator Methods Writing Data Manipulation Methods Programming Activity 1: Writing a Class Definition, Part The Object Reference this The tostring and equals Methods Static Class Members Graphical Objects Enumeration Types Programming Activity 2: Writing a Class Definition, Part Creating Packages Generating Web-Style Documentation with Javadoc Chapter Summary Exercises, Problems, and Projects 441 Chapter 8 Single-Dimensional Arrays 8.1 Declaring and Instantiating Arrays Declaring Arrays Instantiating Arrays Combining the Declaration and Instantiation of Arrays Assigning Initial Values to Arrays Accessing Array Elements Aggregate Array Operations Printing Array Elements Reading Data into an Array Summing the Elements of an Array Finding Maximum or Minimum Values Copying Arrays Changing the Size of an Array Comparing Arrays for Equality Displaying Array Data as a Bar Chart Programming Activity 1: Working with Arrays 487 Instructions 488 Troubleshooting 491

7 xxv 8.5 Using Arrays in Classes Using Arrays in User-Defined Classes Retrieving Command Line Arguments Searching and Sorting Arrays Sequential Search of an Unsorted Array Selection Sort Bubble Sort Sorting Arrays of Objects Sequential Search of a Sorted Array Binary Search of a Sorted Array Programming Activity 2: Searching and Sorting Arrays 526 Instructions 527 Troubleshooting Using Arrays as Counters Chapter Summary Exercises, Problems, and Projects 535 Chapter 9 Multidimensional Arrays and the ArrayList Class 9.1 Declaring and Instantiating Multidimensional Arrays Declaring Multidimensional Arrays Instantiating Multidimensional Arrays Combining the Declaration and Instantiation of Multidimensional Arrays Assigning Initial Values to Multidimensional Arrays Accessing Multidimensional Array Elements Aggregate Two-Dimensional Array Operations Processing All the Elements of a Two- Dimensional Array Processing a Given Row of a Two- Dimensional Array Processing a Given Column of a Two- Dimensional Array Processing a Two-Dimensional Array One Row at a Time 577

8 xxvi Contents Processing a Two-Dimensional Array One Column at a Time Displaying Two-Dimensional Array Data as a Bar Chart Two-Dimensional Arrays Passed To and Returned From Methods Programming Activity 1: Working with Two- Dimensional Arrays 590 Instructions 591 Troubleshooting Other Multidimensional Arrays The ArrayList Class Declaring and Instantiating ArrayList Objects Methods of the ArrayList Class Looping Through an ArrayList Using an Enhanced for Loop Using the ArrayList Class in a Program Programming Activity 2: Working with the ArrayList Class 611 Instructions 611 Troubleshooting Chapter Summary Exercises, Problems, and Projects 618 Chapter 10 Object-Oriented Programming, Part 3: Inheritance, Polymorphism, and Interfaces 10.1 Inheritance Inheritance Design Inherited Members of a Class Subclass Constructors Adding Specialization to the Subclass Overriding Inherited Methods The Protected Access Modifier Programming Activity 1: Using Inheritance 667 Instructions 667

9 xxvii 10.5 Abstract Classes and Methods Polymorphism Programming Activity 2: Using Polymorphism 683 Instructions Interfaces Chapter Summary Exercises, Problems, and Projects 702 Chapter 11 Exceptions and Input/Output Operations 11.1 Simple Exception Handling Using try and catch Blocks Catching Multiple Exceptions User-Defined Exceptions The java.io Package Reading from the Java Console Reading and Writing Text Files Reading Text Files Writing to Text Files Appending to Text Files Reading Structured Text Files Parsing a String Using StringTokenizer Reading Structured Data Using StringTokenizer Programming Activity 1: Reading from a Structured Text File 769 Instructions 769 If you have time Troubleshooting Writing and Appending to Structured Text Files Reading and Writing Objects to a File Writing Objects to Files Reading Objects from Files Programming Activity 2: Reading Objects from a File 786 Task Instructions: Reading from the transactions.obj File 786 If you have time Troubleshooting 789

10 xxviii Contents Chapter Summary Exercises, Problems, and Projects 791 Chapter 12 Graphical User Interfaces 12.1 GUI Applications Using JFrame GUI Components A Simple Component: JLabel Event Handling Text Fields Command Buttons Radio Buttons and Checkboxes Programming Activity 1: Working with Buttons 851 Instructions 852 Troubleshooting Lists Combo Boxes Adapter Classes Mouse Movements Layout Managers: GridLayout Layout Managers: BorderLayout Using Panels to Nest Components Programming Activity 2: Working with Layout Managers 898 Instructions Chapter Summary Exercises, Problems, and Projects 905 Chapter 13 Recursion 13.1 Simple Recursion: Identifying the General and Base Cases Recursion with a Return Value Computing the Factorial of a Number Computing the Greatest Common Divisor Recursion with Two Base Cases Programming Activity 1: Checking for a Palindrome 945 Instruction 947

11 xxix Task Instructions 949 Troubleshooting Binary Search Revisited: A Recursive Solution Programming Activity 2: The Towers of Hanoi 956 Instructions 959 Task Instructions 961 Troubleshooting Animation Using Recursion Recursion Versus Iteration Chapter Summary Exercises, Problems, and Projects 969 Chapter 14 An Introduction to Data Structures 14.1 Linked List Linked-List Concepts and Structure A Linked-List Shell Generating an Exception Other Methods of a Linked List Testing a Linked-List Class Implementing a Stack Using a Linked List Implementing a Queue Using a Linked List Array Representation of Stacks Programming Activity 1: Writing Methods for a Stack Class 1019 Instructions 1020 Troubleshooting Array Representation of Queues Sorted Linked Lists Programming Activity 2: Writing Insert and Delete Methods for a Sorted Linked List 1040 Instructions 1040 Troubleshooting Doubly Linked Lists Recursively Defined Linked Lists Chapter Summary Exercises, Problems, and Projects 1060

12 xxx Contents Appendix A Java Reserved Words and Keywords 1081 Appendix B Operator Precedence 1083 Appendix C The Unicode Character Set 1085 Appendix D Representing Negative Integers 1087 Appendix E Representing Floating-Point Numbers 1091 Appendix F Java Classes APIs 1095 ActionEvent 1095 ActionListener Interface 1096 ArrayList 1096 BorderLayout 1097 BufferedReader 1097 BufferedWriter 1098 ButtonGroup 1099 Color 1099 Container 1100 DecimalFormat 1100 Double 1101 Enum 1102 Exception 1102 File 1103 FileInputStream 1103 FileOutputStream 1103 FileReader 1104 FileWriter 1104 FlowLayout 1104 Graphics 1104 GridLayout 1106 InputStreamReader 1106 Integer 1106 ItemEvent 1107 ItemListener Interface 1108

13 xxxi JButton 1108 JCheckBox 1108 JComboBox 1109 JComponent 1110 JFrame 1111 JLabel 1112 JList 1113 JOptionPane 1114 JPasswordField 1114 JRadioButton 1115 JTextArea 1116 JTextField 1117 ListSelectionListener Interface 1118 Math 1118 MouseEvent 1119 MouseListener Interface 1119 MouseMotionListener Interface 1120 NumberFormat 1120 ObjectInputStream 1121 ObjectOutputStream 1121 PrintWriter 1122 Scanner 1123 String 1125 StringTokenizer 1126 System 1127 System.out 1127 Appendix G Solutions to Selected Exercises 1129 Index 1149